Current pharmaceutical design最新文献

{"title":"Conferone: Sources, Anticancer Mechanisms, and Potential in Overcoming Chemoresistance - A Comprehensive Review.","authors":"Mohadeseh Dashtaki, Shahrad Shahini, Fatemeh Mortazavi Moghadam, Seyed Mahdi Mohamadi-Zarch, Seyyed Majid Bagheri","doi":"10.2174/0113816128490912260921115439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113816128490912260921115439","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cancer remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide, and limitations of conventional therapies such as toxicity and Multidrug Resistance (MDR) highlight the need for safer and more effective agents. Natural compounds derived from medicinal plants have gained attention as potential anticancer therapeutics. Conferone, a sesquiterpene coumarin isolated mainly from Ferula species, has shown promising biological activities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This review comprehensively summarizes available primarily in vitro studies, with very limited in vivo evidence investigating the anticancer properties of conferone. Data were collected from published experimental studies focusing on its chemical characteristics, pharmacological effects, molecular mechanisms, and efficacy across different cancer cell lines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Conferone exhibits significant anticancer activity against a wide range of malignancies, including leukemia/lymphoma, breast, colorectal, bladder, ovarian, and embryonal cancers. Its mechanisms involve induction of mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, increased oxidative stress, inhibition of angiogenesis, and modulation of oncogenic signaling pathways such as NF-κB, c-MYC, and CDK6. Notably, conferone exhibits MDR-modulating activity by inhibiting ATP-binding cassette transporters (e.g., P-gp and MRP2), thereby enhancing intracellular accumulation and efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents like doxorubicin, vincristine, and cisplatin. Incorporation into nanocarrier-based delivery systems further improves its bioavailability and anticancer potency.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Conferone is a multifunctional natural compound with strong anticancer and chemosensitizing properties. Although current findings are encouraging, further in vivo and clinical investigations are required to clarify its pharmacokinetics, safety profile, and therapeutic potential in cancer treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":10845,"journal":{"name":"Current pharmaceutical design","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149135401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Combined with Experimental Validation: The Mechanism of Brusatol in Regulating Glucose Metabolism in Lung Adenocarcinoma.","authors":"Feiyue Zhang, Shuhua Shi, Xinyu Zhang, Qi Zhang, Xiaojing Wang, Jing Zhang","doi":"10.2174/0113816128515278260916063302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113816128515278260916063302","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;Lung cancer ranks first globally in cancer-associated mortality, with Lung Adenocarcinoma (LUAD) accounting for 35%-40% of all cases. Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of malignant cells, and aberrant glycolytic turnover acts as a major driver of LUAD progression. Natural small molecules have long attracted attention in anticancer research. Brusatol (Bru), an active ingredient extracted from the traditional Chinese medicinal plant Brucea javanica, exhibits robust antitumor activity. Nevertheless, its precise molecular mechanism of action in LUAD remains incompletely understood. To address this gap, the present study was designed.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;We integrated network pharmacology and machine learning algorithms to screen candidate therapeutic targets of brusatol in LUAD and performed functional enrichment analyses. Molecular docking was further employed to identify core target genes. A panel of in vitro cellular assays was then conducted to evaluate the effects of brusatol on LUAD cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, as well as on cellular glucose uptake and the production of glycolytic end products (lactate and pyruvate). Western blotting was used to measure the expression of key proteins in the AKT/mTOR cascade and glucose metabolic machinery. Finally, we combined siRNA-mediated GPI silencing with brusatol treatment to validate the regulatory relationship between brusatol and GPI.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;GPI was confirmed as the core target of brusatol, and its high expression was closely correlated with poor prognosis in LUAD patients. Enrichment analyses revealed that GPI is primarily involved in metabolic pathways, glycolysis, and gluconeogenesis signaling. Cellular experiments demonstrated that brusatol suppressed LUAD cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in a dose-dependent manner. It also reduced glucose consumption and glycolytic metabolite production, while inhibiting AKT pathway activity and the expression of glucose metabolism-related proteins. Combined intervention further enhanced these inhibitory effects.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Discussion: &lt;/strong&gt;Against the broad research backdrop of tumor metabolic reprogramming and natural productbased targeted therapy, this study uncovered the vital role of GPI as a key glycolytic hub in mediating LUAD malignancy. We also elucidated a novel molecular mechanism wherein brusatol reverses glycolytic dysfunction by targeting GPI to modulate the AKT/mTOR signaling axis. Previous investigations predominantly focused on the broad-spectrum anticancer efficacy of brusatol. In contrast, our research precisely delineates its core functional target and downstream signaling cascade from the perspective of metabolic regulation. This work fills detailed mechanistic gaps regarding how natural products intervene in glycolytic metabolism in LUAD and provides fresh insights into how small-molecule natural compounds remodel tumor metabolism.&lt;/p&gt;","PeriodicalId":10845,"journal":{"name":"Current pharmaceutical design","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149105487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Various Protein Receptor Functionality in Wound Healing.","authors":"Shahjad, Divyam Saxena, Yashika Garg, Arun Kumar, Sisir Nandi","doi":"10.2174/0113816128479007260917054214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113816128479007260917054214","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The intricate biological process of wound healing encompasses several cellular activities, including proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, and immunological responses. Central to these actions are protein receptors that facilitate cell signaling pathways essential for tissue repair. Various receptor types such as integrins, toll-like receptors (TLRs), G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), and RIPK3 govern these functions. This research aims to evaluate the current technology for measuring and modifying receptors, clarify the functions of different protein receptors in the wound healing cascade, and investigate theranostic strategies that utilize receptor signaling to improve wound healing and reduce complications.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The investigators are reviewing receptors linked to wound healing. These receptors have been used for investigation, in vitro and in vivo modeling, and scientific developments for the identification and exploration of potential targets. To comprehend and control how receptors work through tissue repair, the present attempt uses crucial pharmacological inhibitors, ECM-based scaffolds, and receptor-targeted treatments.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results have demonstrated the involvement of specific receptors, including NGF receptors, 5-HT1A receptors, RTKs, GPCRs, and RIPK3, in the process of wound healing. The phenomenon under consideration manifests in a variety of physiological processes, including the proliferation of blood vessels, the multiplication of cells, the movement of cells, and the modulation of the immune system. One approach involves the utilization of pharmaceutical agents that bind to the receptors.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>An alternative approach involves the utilization of ECM scaffolds for the design of receptor inhibitors such as necrostatin-1 to target RIPK3. The process of developing pharmaceuticals derived from this research that can genuinely benefit human health is a challenging endeavor.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These cells play a crucial role in facilitating proper wound healing. It is imperative to acquire a more profound understanding of the mechanisms underlying the function of protein receptors. This fundamental knowledge is essential for the development of effective tools that can measure and regulate these receptors. It is imperative to continue our research on protein receptors to elucidate the underlying mechanisms that result in their dysfunction. It is imperative to ensure the proper utilization of these novel pharmaceuticals in medical facilities to address both acute and chronic wound conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":10845,"journal":{"name":"Current pharmaceutical design","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149105076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuroprotective Potential of Phytochemicals: Exploration of Molecular Mechanisms in Neurodegeneration.","authors":"Jotiram Salunkhe, Vinod Ugale, Prasad Kulkarni","doi":"10.2174/0113816128479495260914134343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113816128479495260914134343","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neurodegeneration is a progressive loss of neuronal structure and function. Oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, excitotoxicity, and abnormal protein misfolding disrupt neural homeostasis leading to neurodegeneration. Phytochemicals have been used in the treatment of several diseases in the past. Epigallocatechin gallate, curcumin, kaempferol, and resveratrol have shown their ability as neuroprotective agents in a number of preclinical studies. Similarly, gallic acid, ferulic acid, berberine, and apigenin exert neuroprotective effects via antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. These phytochemicals prevent neurodegeneration by targeting molecular pathways of neurodegeneration. Phytochemicals have been shown to reduce oxidative stress, restore mitochondrial function, regulate autophagy, and inhibit the aggregation of misfolded proteins. Abundant preclinical work has investigated the efficacy of phytochemicals as neurotherapeutic agents. Herein, we first detail the most prevalent neurodegenerative mechanisms and then explore the potential molecular mechanisms through which these phytochemicals act to alleviate the pathologies of neurodegeneration, thereby imparting neuroprotective effects. The review also sheds light on futuristic aspects of phytochemicals in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":10845,"journal":{"name":"Current pharmaceutical design","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149105450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety and Efficacy of Therapeutic Agents in Viral Pneumonia in Immunosuppressed Patients.","authors":"Canan Akman, Busra Erdem, Asli Bahar Ucar, Ozlem Inci, Mehmet Unaldi, Bilgen Ozkaya, Gokhan Yilmaz, Ozgur Karcioglu","doi":"10.2174/0113816128507869260921060329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113816128507869260921060329","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction/objective: &lt;/strong&gt;Immunosuppressed Patients (ISP) - defined by congenital or acquired deficiencies in systemic defense mechanisms - are disproportionately susceptible to viral respiratory infections. Agents such as SARS-CoV-2, Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), influenza A and B, and Cytomegalovirus (CMV) cause significant morbidity in both immunocompetent and immunosuppressed individuals. Clinical manifestations range from mild influenza-like illness to severe pneumonia, respiratory failure, multiorgan dysfunction, and concurrent bacterial infections.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A narrative synthesis of the literature was performed using Medline, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Scopus using relevant keywords (\"immunosuppressed patients\", \"pneumonia\", \"lung infection\", \"antiviral\", \"cytomegalovirus\", \"influenza\", \"RSV\") for publications between January 2000 and March 2026. Where available, Cochrane systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and high-quality randomised controlled trials were given precedence in the narrative synthesis; systematic review and meta-analytic procedures, including PRISMA guidelines, were not applied. Case reports, editorials, and opinion articles were excluded, other than a small number of case series describing rare therapeutic strategies for which no higher-level evidence was available. Evidence was collated narratively and presented in tabular format.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Although numerous antiviral compounds have been developed and studied, the optimal agent for managing severe viral infections in ISP remains uncertain. Empiric oseltamivir for influenza is typically initiated immediately upon clinical suspicion. Other antivirals - including ganciclovir for CMV, cidofovir for adenovirus, and ribavirin for RSV or parainfluenza - are generally reserved for confirmed or highly suspected infections in high-risk populations. The safety profile of each agent must be evaluated individually before initiating the treatment.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Discussion: &lt;/strong&gt;Direct-acting antivirals achieve faster virologic clearance but do not consistently reduce shortterm mortality in ISP. Antiviral selection requires integration of pathogen identity, timing of therapy, underlying immune deficit, and individual risk-benefit assessment. Novel agents and combination strategies warrant further investigation in this population.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;ISP with viral pneumonia represents a clinically complex, high-risk group requiring individualized treatment strategies, including antiviral agents, vigilant safety monitoring, and proactive preventive measures, especially vaccination. Virologic clearance benefits associated with direct-acting antivirals such as remdesivir do not consistently translate into a short-term mortality benefit, underscoring the need for outcome- specific interpretation of the evidence. A nuanced understanding of the available antiviral armamentarium is essential to optimise outco","PeriodicalId":10845,"journal":{"name":"Current pharmaceutical design","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149105020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emulsion Stabilized by Pickering Emulsion Polymerization Technique: A State-of-the-Art Review.","authors":"Sonali Batra, Sumit Sharma, Ananya Kuchibhotla, Tanisha Khanna, Amit Dwivedi","doi":"10.2174/0113816128500945260918112735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113816128500945260918112735","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pickering emulsion is an attractive approach for developing stabilized emulsions. It has proved its potential use not only in the food industry but also in the pharmaceutical industry. The use of surfactants in ocular and other parenteral drug delivery systems is limited due to their potential to cause allergic reactions, thereby limiting the application of emulsions as drug delivery routes in the pharmaceutical industry. Pickering emulsion is known for imparting better stability to emulsions with respect to Ostwald ripening and destabilization under varying environmental conditions. The technique involves surrounding the micelle with solid particles, resulting in modified physicochemical properties of the developed carrier. It also allows preventing the use of surfactants that are currently considered toxic by regulatory authorities for human use. Various organic polymers such as starch, chitosan, soy protein, ovotransferrin, and gums, among others with amphiphilic characteristics, have been investigated for the development of new drug delivery or monolithic systems using the Pickering emulsion technique. Pickering emulsion offers opportunities to develop not only O/W and W/O emulsions but also multiple emulsions and surface modifications with different active functionalities to impart stimuli-responsive drug release. Despite the broad scope of pharmaceutical applications, controlling polydispersity, maintaining particle integrity while dealing with proteins, ensuring industrial scalability, and achieving low production costs are some of the key challenges with Pickering emulsions. Future developments may include multifunctional carriers capable of simultaneous drug delivery and diagnosis, thereby enabling personalized therapeutic treatments with controlled delivery profiles. Consequently, Pickering emulsions make targeted delivery, controlled release, and enzyme immobilization possible for challenging drug molecules.</p>","PeriodicalId":10845,"journal":{"name":"Current pharmaceutical design","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149105478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategies for Cervical Cancer Treatment using the Regenerative Potentials of Mesenchymal Stem Cells.","authors":"Sandhya Nedunchezhian, Thirunavukkarasu Palaniyandi, Hemapreethi Surendran, Gomathy Baskar, Muthezhilan Radhakrishnan, Ranjith Balu, Arumugam Suresh, Shobana Sampath, Yuvarani Krishnan","doi":"10.2174/0113816128501994260915105716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113816128501994260915105716","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) are widely used in regenerative medicine due to their selfrenewal capacity and immunomodulatory functions. Increasing evidence suggests that these same properties influence tumor progression and response to cancer therapy. This review provides a detailed overview of how MSCs can be utilized in the treatment of cervical cancer, addressing the challenges associated with this complex disease. In addition to outlining recent advances in MSC-based regenerative strategies, we discuss their functional roles within the cervical cancer microenvironment and their therapeutic applications in disease management. Furthermore, the review examines the interactions between MSCs and various components of the tumor microenvironment, including cancer cells, immune cells, and stromal cells, which collectively influence tumor progression and therapeutic response. Particular focus is given to the involvement of MSCs in key signalling pathways associated with cervical cancer, including EMT, NF-κB, miR-144-3p, CEP55, and CD73 pathways. These pathways contribute to the regulation of cell proliferation, migration, invasion, immune modulation, and treatment resistance. We also explore the use of MSCs as carriers for therapeutic agents, targeted drug delivery systems, genetically modified cell-based therapies, and immunotherapeutic approaches. In addition, their potential to interfere with mechanisms related to apoptosis, angiogenesis, and immune evasion is discussed. Collectively, this review highlights the therapeutic promise of MSC-based strategies while addressing the opportunities and challenges that must be overcome to enable their safe and effective clinical translation in cervical cancer treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":10845,"journal":{"name":"Current pharmaceutical design","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149105043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Role of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Retinoblastoma Prognosis.","authors":"Qusai Malak, Rupa Mazumder, Anjna Rani, Abhijit Debnath, Ankita Kalra","doi":"10.2174/0113816128488481260911173036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113816128488481260911173036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Retinoblastoma is an intraocular cancer in children with genetic and immunologic complexities that play a significant role in determining their outcome and response to therapy. Although there have been great advancements made in both the diagnosis and management of this condition, the biological and immunologic diversity of the tumors continues to create obstacles in disease management. It is therefore important to have in-depth knowledge of the genetic and immune landscape of retinoblastoma to develop effective and sustainable management options. In this review, we will take a deep dive into the genetic changes associated with retinoblastoma and the tumor microenvironment, which is characterized by the eye's immune privilege. More emphasis will be put on the immune checkpoint molecules PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4, B7-H3, and emerging immune checkpoints, including LAG-3, TIM-3, and TIGIT, which help mediate immune escape mechanisms. Increased levels of these immune checkpoints have been shown to contribute to poor prognosis, aggressiveness of the disease, and chemotherapy resistance. Developments in monoclonal and bispecific antibodies, CAR-T therapy, and checkpoint inhibitors derived from phytoconstituents offer a potential solution for targeted therapy in retinoblastoma. This paper highlights the role of genetic and immunological indicators in improving the outcome of retinoblastoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":10845,"journal":{"name":"Current pharmaceutical design","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149105512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Messenger RNA (mRNA) Therapeutics: Advances, Challenges, and Future Perspectives in Modern Medicine.","authors":"Utkarsh Sharma, Vishal Pandey, Hrishika Gupta, Sakshi Soni, Sunny Rathee, Umesh K Patil","doi":"10.2174/0113816128453800260831114811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113816128453800260831114811","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The rapid clinical validation of messenger RNA (RNA) during the COVID-19 pandemic has catalyzed a shift from traditional vaccine development toward a versatile, programmable therapeutic platform. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the mRNA landscape, moving beyond historical milestones to critically evaluate the structural biology and synthetic modifications required for therapeutic stabilization. We examine the transition from Lipid Nanoparticle (LNP) dominance toward next-generation delivery vehicles designed to overcome current limitations in tissue targeting and systemic reactogenicity. Furthermore, this article contrasts mRNA with DNA-based modalities, specifically focusing on the safety profiles and rapid design cycles that favor mRNA in acute and personalized indications. A significant portion of this synthesis is dedicated to the shifting intellectual property landscape, interpreting how patent concentration among key industry players influences global innovation and market accessibility. By identifying current gaps in manufacturing scalability and regulatory harmonization, this review previews the transition of mRNA technology from an emergency response tool to a mainstay of chronic disease management and precision oncology. Overall, this work outlines the technical and socio-economic hurdles that must be cleared to realize a new era of adaptable, \"on-demand\" healthcare solutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":10845,"journal":{"name":"Current pharmaceutical design","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149036879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harnessing Artificial Intelligence to Predict and Overcome Drug Resistance in Breast Cancer: A Translational Approach.","authors":"Durgacharan A Bhagwat, Sonali Anil Chikhalwale, Sachin Suryakant Mali, Vijay R Chidrawar, Sudarshan Singh","doi":"10.2174/0113816128493600260910083413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113816128493600260910083413","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Drug resistance is a major obstacle to the efficient treatment of breast cancer, which is still one of the most common cancers in the world. This study emphasizes the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) in addressing these issues, while highlighting the biological mechanisms underlying resistance and the related therapeutic implications. Advanced applications in genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics, as well as predictive modeling of treatment outcomes, have been made possible by AI-driven techniques such as machine learning (ML), deep learning, and data mining. This review discusses how AI can accelerate computational drug discovery, virtual screening (VS), and the repurposing of already-approved medications. It can also optimize combination therapies through computational simulation. From a translational standpoint, rigorous assessment of data quality, bias, ethical issues, and cost-effectiveness is necessary for the successful integration of AI into clinical operations. AI is useful in the real world, especially in adaptive clinical trial design, as demonstrated by case studies of HER2/HER3-positive breast cancer. In the future, lifestyle-based preventative interventions combined with cutting-edge methods like digital twins and federated learning could improve patient outcomes. Creating interdisciplinary teams will be essential to the effective application of AI in oncology. The review's overall findings highlight the translational significance of AI in combating drug resistance in breast cancer and offer a path forward for its future integration into clinical practice and policy.</p>","PeriodicalId":10845,"journal":{"name":"Current pharmaceutical design","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149079989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}