Current Cardiology Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Assessment of Left Ventricular Shape Index and Eccentricity Index as Promising Parameters for Detection of Left Ventricular Remodeling in Cardiovascular Events.","authors":"Fatemeh Jalali-Zefrei, Zobin Souri, Faranak Izadi Benam, Paradise Fatehi Shalamzari, Pouya Yektaee, Seyedeh Zohreh Mohagheghi, Aliasghar Tabatabaei Mohammadi, Soghra Farzipour","doi":"10.2174/011573403X357558250122062037","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011573403X357558250122062037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Left ventricular remodeling (LVR) refers to the changes in the size, shape, and function of the left ventricle, influenced by mechanical, neurohormonal, and genetic factors. These changes are directly linked to an increased risk of major adverse cardiac events (MACEs). Various parameters are used to assess cardiac geometry across different imaging modalities, with echocardiography being the most commonly employed technique for measuring left ventricular (LV) geometry. However, many echocardiographic evaluations of geometric changes primarily rely on two-dimensional (2D) methods, which overlook the true three-dimensional (3D) characteristics of the LV. While cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging is considered the gold standard for assessing LV volume, it has limitations, including accessibility issues, challenges in patients with cardiac devices, and longer examination times compared to standard echocardiography. In nuclear medicine, LV geometry can be analyzed using the shape index (SI) and eccentricity index (EI), which measure the sphericity and elongation of the left ventricle. Myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) using SPECT or PET is inherently a 3D technique, making it particularly effective for accurately and consistently assessing LV size and shape parameters. In this context, LV metrics such as EI and SI can significantly enhance the range of quantitative assessments available through nuclear cardiology techniques, with particular value in identifying early LV remodeling in specific patient groups. This article explores the diagnostic significance of left ventricular geometric indices through various diagnostic methods, highlighting the important role of nuclear cardiology.</p>","PeriodicalId":10832,"journal":{"name":"Current Cardiology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"42-51"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12307983/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143390378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Umbilical Cord Matrix (Wharton Jelly) Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Next-generation Myocardial Repair and Regeneration: Mechanisms and Pre-clinical Evidence.","authors":"Ewa Kwiecien, Marta Kot, Lukasz Czyz, Leszek Drabik, Adam Mazurek, Martyna Sikorska, Maciej Skubera, Lukasz Tekieli, Marcin Majka, Piotr Musialek","doi":"10.2174/011573403X372908250117092252","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011573403X372908250117092252","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic ischemic heart failure (CIHF), caused by myocardial injury and cell loss, is a growing public health concern. Despite substantial investments in pharmaco- and device therapies for acute myocardial infarction and CIHF over the past decades, long-term prognosis has shown little improvement. There is a clear need to develop novel therapeutic strategies capable of attenuating progression from acute to chronic myocardial damage, reducing adverse myocardial remodeling, and enhancing myocardial contractility. Cell-based approaches are an important direction in basic and clinical research. Nevertheless, candidate cell types tested to-date in experimental and human studies show several fundamental limitations, including insufficient quantities and potency, poor myocardial uptake, immunogenicity and/or risk of tumorigenicity. Human umbilical cord matrix is a rich source of mesenchymal stem cells (Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells, WJMSCs). WJMSCs are naturally low-immunogenic, demonstrate high plasticity and proliferation capacity, and exhibit an absence of tumorigenic potential. Moreover, by producing specific anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, they reduce the inflammatory response (hence their use in graft-<i>versus</i>-host disease) and have pro-angiogenic, anti-apoptotic, and antifibrotic properties, making them a natural player in myocardial repair and regeneration. Furthermore, WJMSCs can be expanded <i>ex vivo</i> with high genomic stability and full clonogenic potential and can be standardized as an \"off-the-shelf\" next-generation advanced therapy medicinal product (ATMP). This review aggregates essential, contemporary information on the properties and fundamental mechanisms of WJMSCs addressing the process of infarct healing and chronic myocardial injury. It discusses outcomes from pre-clinical studies, demonstrating improvements in myocardial function and reductions in fibrosis in animal models, paving the way for human ATMP trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":10832,"journal":{"name":"Current Cardiology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"76-103"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12307995/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143514996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-rodent Models of Atherosclerosis: Repurposing of Existing Drugs and Search for Novel Treatment Strategies.","authors":"Siarhei A Dabravolski, Victoria A Khotina, Mikhail A Popov, Victor Y Glanz, Vasily N Sukhorukov, Alexander N Orekhov","doi":"10.2174/011573403X316529240919103119","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011573403X316529240919103119","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Atherosclerosis and associated cardiovascular diseases are the leading causes of illness and mortality worldwide. The development of atherosclerosis is a complex process involving oxidative stress, surplus lipid deposition and retention, endothelial dysfunction, and chronic inflammation. Developing novel anti-atherogenic and repurposing existing drugs requires the use of suitable animal models to characterise the fundamental mechanisms underlying atherosclerosis initiation and progression and to evaluate potential therapeutic effects. Commonly used rodent models, however, are not always appropriate, and other models may be required to translate these discoveries into valuable preventive and treatment agents for human applications. Recent advances in gene-editing tools for large animals have allowed the creation of animals that develop atherosclerosis faster and more similarly to humans in terms of lesion localisation and histopathology. In this review, we discuss the major advantages and drawbacks of the main non-rodent animal models of atherosclerosis, particularly rabbits, pigs, zebrafish, and non-human primates. Moreover, we review the application of recently invented novel therapeutic methods and agents, and repurposed existing drugs (such as antidiabetic and anticancer) for atherosclerosis treatment, the efficacy of which is verified on non-rodent animal models of atherosclerosis. In total, the proper selection of a suitable animal model of atherosclerosis facilitates reproducible and rigorous translational research in repurposing of existing drugs, discovering new therapeutic strategies, and validating novel anti-atherosclerotic drugs.</p>","PeriodicalId":10832,"journal":{"name":"Current Cardiology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e1573403X316529"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12060921/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142371203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive Review of Coronary Artery Anatomy Relevant to Cardiac Surgery.","authors":"Emeka B Kesieme, Benjamin Omoregbee, Dumbor L Ngaage, Mark H D Danton","doi":"10.2174/011573403X321942241023112517","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011573403X321942241023112517","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In order to perform safe cardiac surgery, a knowledge of applied coronary artery anatomy and its variants is essential for cardiac surgeons. In normal individuals, the right and the left coronary arteries arise from the corresponding sinuses of Valsalva within the aortic root. From the cardiac surgical perspective, the coronary artery is divided into the left main coronary artery, its branches (the left anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery), and the right coronary artery. With high-risk cardiac surgeries, including redo procedures, becoming increasingly performed, abnormal courses and variations of the coronary arteries, if not recognized, can predispose the patient to avoidable coronary injuries, resulting in adverse outcomes of cardiac surgical procedures. We aim to describe normal and applied coronary anatomy, common coronary artery variants previously reported, and their clinical relevance to both adult and paediatric cardiac surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":10832,"journal":{"name":"Current Cardiology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e1573403X321942"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12060931/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142557352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Successful use of Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 Inhibitors in Hypertriglyceridemia-induced Acute Pancreatitis: A Case Report.","authors":"Rundi Qi, Hailei Liu, Xin Li, Minglong Chen","doi":"10.2174/011573403X343784241115055037","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011573403X343784241115055037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Managing hypertriglyceridemia-induced acute pancreatitis (HTG-AP) can be challenging, particularly due to the need for rapid triglyceride reduction to below 500mg/dL (5.645 mmol/L).</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>This is a case describing a 39-year-old female patient who presented to the Emergency Department with acute abdominal pain resulting from severe HTG-AP. However, under conventional therapy with oral lipid-lowering drugs, the triglyceride levels remained uncontrolled. Oral moderate-intensity statins could not only reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc) by 25%-50%. However, increasing the dose could not further reduce blood lipids while increasing the risk of liver damage. After the administration of proprotein convertase subtilisin/ kexin type 9 inhibitor (PCSK9i), the triglyceride levels were well controlled with no additional side effects, and the symptoms of the patients were completely relieved.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In cases of unsatisfactory lipid control under conventional therapy, PCSK9i may offer a viable option for managing HTG-AP.</p>","PeriodicalId":10832,"journal":{"name":"Current Cardiology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e1573403X343784"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12172237/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142946067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-bacterial Thrombotic Endocarditis in Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Maikel Kamel, Fahad Hussain, Christian Leung, Awais Paracha, Pranav Sathe, Ajay Jassal, Mahalia Huba, Umar Durrani, Nadim Ammari, Robert S Copeland-Halperin, Nagashree Seetharamu","doi":"10.2174/011573403X343187250117062341","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011573403X343187250117062341","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Non-bacterial Thrombotic Endocarditis (NBTE) is a rare condition characterized by aseptic vegetations of the heart valves, predisposing to valvular dysfunction and end-organ infarction. Lung Cancer (LC) is amongst the most common malignancies associated with NBTE.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PubMed/MEDLINE was searched from database inception until January 2024, pairing Non-bacterial Thrombotic Endocarditis (NBTE) and related terms with \"Lung Cancer (LC)\". Reports were included if patients had both NBTE and lung cancer. The risk of bias was assessed using Mixed Methods Analysis Testing (MMAT).</p><p><strong>Results and discussion: </strong>32 patients with an average age of 59y +/- 11.6 were included from 31 peer-reviewed publications, with significant findings as below: • The majority (47%) of patients were admitted with stroke. • The most commonly affected valve was aortic (51%), followed by mitral (43%), and tricuspid (5%). • At diagnosis of NBTE, 86% of patients had stage IV cancer. • Multi-organ infarct was common (61%), with the brain most often affected (40%). • Treatment of NBTE included antibiotics (86%), anticoagulation (50%), and cardiac surgery (6%). • Treatment of LC included traditional chemotherapy (30.7%), radiation (16%), tyrosine kinase inhibitors (11.5%), lobectomy (6%), and immunotherapy (3.8%). • Overall mortality rate was 77%. • Mortality rate was 38% in patients treated with chemotherapy and 91% in patients who did not receive chemotherapy. • Mortality rate stratified by anticoagulant: unfractionated heparin (85.7%), DOAC (75%), and LMWH (20%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>High clinical suspicion for NBTE in patients presenting with LC and thromboembolic phenomena can lead to changes in treatment and improved clinical outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":10832,"journal":{"name":"Current Cardiology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e1573403X343187"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12180360/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143412926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A New Mechanism of Supraventricular Tachycardia: Gene Mutation.","authors":"Jie Gao, Rong Luo, Xiaoping Li","doi":"10.2174/011573403X320610250108113731","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011573403X320610250108113731","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is very common in daily clinical practice, especially in the emergency department, with rapid onset and urgent management. The review highlights the recent genetic predispositions and mechanisms in SVT.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Through analysis of epidemiology, familial clustering, and gene mutations of the relevant literature, the review elucidates the genetic properties and potential pathophysiology of SVT.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There are many pathophysiological mechanisms related to atrioventricular node reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) and atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia (AVRT). Currently, there is relatively little research on inappropriate sinus tachycardia (IST), atrial tachycardia (AT), and congenital junctional ectopic tachycardia (CJET). It seems that every type of SVT has gene mutations in ion channels, with three types of SVT having gene mutations in signaling pathways, and others including gene mutations in beta-adrenergic-receptor autoantibodies, autonomic nervous system, and AV node structure.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>SVT has certain genetic characteristics and is often associated with other heart diseases. From the analysis of mutated genes in SVT, it appears to be a type of cardiac ion channel disease. Unlike common ion channel diseases, it is more insidious and more susceptible to external factors. The confirmation of the genetic basis of SVT provides direction for future hazard stratification assessment and gene targeted therapy drug research.</p>","PeriodicalId":10832,"journal":{"name":"Current Cardiology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"68-75"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12308019/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143001569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insulin Resistance, Hyperinsulinemia and Atherosclerosis: Insights into Pathophysiological Aspects and Future Therapeutic Prospects.","authors":"Georgios S Papaetis, Anastasia Sacharidou, Ioannis C Michaelides, Konstantinos C Mikellidis, Stylianos A Karvounaris","doi":"10.2174/011573403X314035241006185109","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011573403X314035241006185109","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Insulin resistance describes the lack of activity of a known quantity of insulin (exogenous or endogenous) to promote the uptake of glucose and its utilization in an individual, as much as it does in metabolically normal individuals. On the cellular level, it suggests insufficient power of the insulin pathway (from the insulin receptor downstream to its final substrates) that is essential for multiple mitogenic and metabolic aspects of cellular homeostasis. Atherosclerosis is a slow, complex, and multifactorial pathobiological process in medium to large arteries and involves several tissues and cell types (immune, vascular, and metabolic cells). Inflammatory responses and immunoregulation are key players in its development and progression. This paper examines the possible pathophysiological mechanisms that govern the connection of insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, and the closely associated cardiometabolic syndrome with atherosclerosis, after exploring thoroughly both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> (preclinical and clinical) evidence. It also discusses the importance of visualizing and developing novel therapeutic strategies and targets for treatment, to face this metabolic state through its genesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":10832,"journal":{"name":"Current Cardiology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e1573403X314035"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12060932/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142459992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Incidence of Heart Failure in Children with Congenital Heart Disease: A Prospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Yasamin Moeinipour, Aliasghar Moeinipour, Behzad Alizadeh, Rasoul Raesi, Mohammadreza Naghibi","doi":"10.2174/011573403X345783250128052038","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011573403X345783250128052038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Pediatric heart failure (HF) poses diagnostic challenges, especially in emergency settings, where misdiagnoses are common.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the causes of HF in children with congenital heart disease (CHD) and provide insights into age-related disparities and clinical classifications.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective observational cohort study was conducted on 402 pediatric patients with CHD during the years 2019-2020. Ultimately, 45 pediatric patients diagnosed with HF by two pediatric cardiologists based on clinical symptoms and radiographic changes were included in the study. Information from the patients' files, including epidemiological findings, clinical examinations, paraclinical findings, and interventions performed, was recorded. Etiological factors and clinical classifications were analyzed using statistical tests.</p><p><strong>Results and discussion: </strong>Among 402 pediatric patients with CHD, 45 (11.19%) were diagnosed with HF, with a median age of 7.5 months. The predominant etiological factors included ventricular septal defect (VSD), atrial septal defect (ASD), and cardiomyopathy. Analysis of etiological factors revealed that single structural defects accounted for 71.11% of HF cases, while concurrent defects contributed to a significant portion of the remaining cases. Clinical classifications revealed age-related differences, emphasizing the heterogeneity of pediatric HF presentations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Given that all patients with HF in our study had CHD, more investigations into the causes and mechanisms of this issue are necessary, which will be possible with genetic studies. A significant difference was observed between Class II and Class IV, with Class II patients being older and heavier, and having a lower heart rate compared to those in Class IV. This aligns with the classifications, where Class II indicates mild symptoms during ordinary activity, while Class IV signifies severe symptoms at rest.</p>","PeriodicalId":10832,"journal":{"name":"Current Cardiology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"15-21"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12307988/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143390406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Novel Lipid-Lowering Agents on Cardiovascular Risk Reduction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Rubela Ray, Arhum Mahmood, Raheel Chaudhry, Mohd Diya Masmoum, Muhammad Talha, Fahad I Siddiqui, Imdad Ullah","doi":"10.2174/011573403X345749250122092324","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011573403X345749250122092324","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Reducing the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is the aim of lipid-lowering therapy (ASCVD). It is commonly acknowledged that low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is a major cause of ASCVD. Several online databases and search engines, such as Pub- Med and the Cochrane Library, were used to conduct a thorough search.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included RCTs assessing the effect of PCSK9 inhibitors on cardiovascular events. The RevMan 5.4 software was used to conduct the meta-analysis. This analysis included nine RCTs in total.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Meta-analysis of the included studies showed that the levels of total cholesterol, LDL, and triglycerides were reduced after the use of PCSK9 inhibitors, and HDL levels were increased, which is good cholesterol. Most adverse cardiac events (MACE) were reduced after the use of PCSK9 inhibitors.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, ezetimibe, a PCSK9 inhibitor added to statin therapy, further reduces MACE risk without affecting all-cause mortality, even though statins already significantly reduce major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":10832,"journal":{"name":"Current Cardiology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"29-41"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12308012/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143413196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}