Current Cardiology Reviews最新文献

{"title":"A Systematic Review of Arterial Dissections in COVID-19 Patients.","authors":"Betsy Abraham, Sherman David Mathew, Kannan Sridharan","doi":"10.2174/1573403X18666220628093303","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1573403X18666220628093303","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>COVID-19 is often seen presenting with a myriad of signs and symptoms of multiorgan dysfunction including arterial dissection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Various theories have been proposed such as endothelial dysfunction triggered by hyperinflammatory response that results in rupture of atherosclerotic plaque and subsequent dissection.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>However, the exact incidence is unknown and only case reports and case series have been published till date.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Here we carried out a systematic analysis of published case reports/series related to dissection of the aorta, coronary, cerebral, vertebral, cervical, renal, and splanchnic arteries.</p>","PeriodicalId":10832,"journal":{"name":"Current Cardiology Reviews","volume":"19 1","pages":"e280622206435"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10201876/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10721366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Myocardial Infarction as a Consequence of Mitochondrial Dysfunction.","authors":"Pranay Wal, Namra Aziz, Yash Kumar Singh, Ankita Wal, Sourabh Kosey, Awani Kumar Rai","doi":"10.2174/1573403X19666230508114311","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1573403X19666230508114311","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acute myocardial infarction is an event of myocardial necrosis caused by unstable ischemic syndrome. Myocardial infarction (MI) occurs when blood stops flowing to the cardiac tissue or myocardium and the heart muscle gets damaged due to poor perfusion and reduced oxygen supply. Mitochondria can serve as the arbiter of cell fate in response to stress. Oxidative metabolism is the function of mitochondria within the cell. Cardiac cells being highly oxidative tissue generates about 90% of their energy through oxidative metabolism. In this review, we focused on the role of mitochondria in energy generation in myocytes as well as its consequences on heart cells causing cell damage. The role of mitochondrial dysfunction due to oxidative stress, production of reactive oxygen species, and anaerobic production of lactate as a failure of oxidative metabolism are also discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":10832,"journal":{"name":"Current Cardiology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"23-30"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10636795/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9432292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-stent Thrombosis and COVID-19 Infection: Current Insights on the Mechanistic Relationship.","authors":"Ahmed El-Medany, Vanessa Kandoole, Nicholas Lonsdale, Gemina Doolub, Ioannis Felekos","doi":"10.2174/1573403X18666220512142019","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1573403X18666220512142019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has been demonstrated as a major risk factor in inducing coronary stent thrombosis due to its propensity to create a pro-thrombotic state. This review explores the mechanisms that may contribute to the increased thrombosis risk seen in COVID-19. Furthermore, we discuss the patient and haematological factors that predispose to an increased risk of stent thrombosis, as well as the role of certain antiplatelet and anticoagulation therapies, including ticagrelor and enoxaparin, that may reduce the likelihood and severity of in-stent thrombosis, in SARS-CoV-2 infection. To counter the proinflammatory and pro-thrombotic state shown in COVID-19, anti-thrombotic therapy in the future may be optimised using point-of-care platelet inhibition testing and inflammation-modifying therapies. Large-scale randomised trials with long-term follow-up are increasingly necessary to assess the intersection of COVID-19 and stent optimisation as well as the reduction of stent thrombosis after drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation.</p>","PeriodicalId":10832,"journal":{"name":"Current Cardiology Reviews","volume":"19 1","pages":"e120522204669"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10201881/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9217801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Wider Considerations in Closing Chronic Disease Gaps - Focus on Heart Failure and Implementation.","authors":"Pupalan Iyngkaran, Charlotte Hespe, Fahad Hanna, John D Horowitz, Malcolm Battersby, Craig Nelson, Sharon Andrew, Maximilian P de Courten","doi":"10.2174/1573403X18666220512160737","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1573403X18666220512160737","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Heart failure (HF) is predominately a chronic disease. There are overlaps in HF and chronic disease research and care. Chronic disease and HF research are conducted with multiple goals. The overarching goal is \"optimized patient outcomes at maximum costeffectiveness\". However, observations on patients can come with many variables; thus, we see differences in clinical translation. This document discusses an argument for three important gaps common to HF and chronic disease, i.e., screening, self-management, and patient-reported outcomes (PRO), and provides a glance of how it could fit into the evidence tree. Pertinent arguments for a framework for health services and models of care are provided as a prelude to future consensus.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>1) A preliminary literature review to identify a taxonomy for cardiovascular research, and 2) a review of the published literature describing the translation of research studies into clinical practice for cardiovascular disorders. A spectrum from observational to large randomized controlled trials to post-marketing studies were identified.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>A brief discussion on traditional research and differences focusing on screening, mixed methods research concepts, and chronic diseases models of care. Six steps to facilitate this: 1) Research design; 2) Research application (translation) i. routine ii. challenges; 3. Transforming research to translational level; 4. Funding and infrastructure; 5. Clinical Centres of Research Excellence (CCRE) and collaboration; 6. Governance and cost-effectiveness.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Implementation research that aims to link research findings to improved patient outcomes in an efficient and effective way is a neglected area. Skills required to perform implementation research are complex. Ways to maximize translational impacts for chronic disease research to clinical practice are described in a HF context.</p>","PeriodicalId":10832,"journal":{"name":"Current Cardiology Reviews","volume":"19 2","pages":"e120522204690"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10201899/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9775690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ROCK (RhoA/Rho Kinase) Activation in Atrial Fibrillation: Molecular Pathways and Clinical Implications.","authors":"Riccardo Proietti, Andrea S Giordani, Calò A Lorenzo","doi":"10.2174/1573403X19666221117092951","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1573403X19666221117092951","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Among the complex mechanisms of AF pathogenesis, intracellular calcium overload and oxidative stress play a major role, both triggered by inflammatory processes. The additional basic event taking place in AF is atrial fibrotic remodeling, again triggered by oxidative stress, which is determined by connexins rearrangement and differentiation of fibroblasts into active collagensecreting myofibroblasts. RhoA/ROCK system is the final pathway of a wide spectrum of molecular effectors such as Angiotensin II, platelet-derived growth factor, connective tissue growth factor and transforming growth factor β, that overall determine calcium dysregulation and pro-fibrotic remodeling. Both in experimental and clinical studies, RhoA/ROCK activation has been linked to superoxide ion production, fibrotic remodeling and connexins rearrangement, with important consequences for AF pathogenesis. ROCK pathway inhibition may therefore be a therapeutic or preventive target for special AF subgroups of patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":10832,"journal":{"name":"Current Cardiology Reviews","volume":"19 3","pages":"e171122210986"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10280999/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9777873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Appraisal of Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Biomarkers, and Ocular Imaging in Cardiovascular Risk Prediction.","authors":"Julie S Moore, M Andrew Nesbit, Tara Moore","doi":"10.2174/1573403X19666230727101926","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1573403X19666230727101926","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cardiovascular disease remains a leading cause of death worldwide despite the use of available cardiovascular disease risk prediction tools. Identification of high-risk individuals via risk stratification and screening at sub-clinical stages, which may be offered by ocular screening, is important to prevent major adverse cardiac events. Retinal microvasculature has been widely researched for potential application in both diabetes and cardiovascular disease risk prediction. However, the conjunctival microvasculature as a tool for cardiovascular disease risk prediction remains largely unexplored. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the current cardiovascular risk assessment methods, identifying gaps in the literature that imaging of the ocular microcirculation may have the potential to fill. This review also explores the themes of machine learning, risk scores, biomarkers, medical imaging, and clinical risk factors. Cardiovascular risk classification varies based on the population assessed, the risk factors included, and the assessment methods. A more tailored, standardised and feasible approach to cardiovascular risk prediction that utilises technological and medical imaging advances, which may be offered by ocular imaging, is required to support cardiovascular disease prevention strategies and clinical guidelines.</p>","PeriodicalId":10832,"journal":{"name":"Current Cardiology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"72-81"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10636798/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9873761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Countermeasures for Maintaining Cardiovascular Health in Space Missions.","authors":"Jhilam Pramanik, Akash Kumar, Lakshay Panchal, Bhupendra Prajapati","doi":"10.2174/1573403X19666230330083225","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1573403X19666230330083225","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>During space exploration, the human body is subjected to altered atmospheric environments and gravity, exposure to radiation, sleep disturbance, and mental pressures; all these factors are responsible for cardiovascular diseases. Under microgravity, the physiological changes related to cardiovascular diseases are the cephalic fluid shift, dramatic reduction in central venous pressure, changes in blood rheology and endothelial function, cerebrovascular abnormalities, headaches, optic disc edema, intracranial hypertension, congestion of the jugular vein, facial swelling, and loss of taste. Generally, five countermeasures are used to maintain cardiovascular health (during and after space missions), including shielding, nutritional, medicinal, exercise, and artificial gravity. This article concludes with how to reduce space missions' impact on cardiovascular health with the help of various countermeasures.</p>","PeriodicalId":10832,"journal":{"name":"Current Cardiology Reviews","volume":"19 5","pages":"57-67"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10518885/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9882993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coronary Bifurcation Stenting: Review of Current Techniques and Evidence.","authors":"Surya Kiran Aedma, Anant Naik, Arun Kanmanthareddy","doi":"10.2174/1573403X18666220406113517","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1573403X18666220406113517","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Coronary bifurcation stenting constitutes 20% of all PCI performed. Given the extensive prevalence of bifurcation lesions, various techniques have sought to optimally stent the bifurcation to improve revascularization while also decreasing rates of stent thrombosis and lesion recurrence. Advanced techniques, such as planned two-stent approaches, have been shown to have improved outcomes but also require fluoroscopy and procedure time, posing an economic argument as well as a patient-outcome one.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Because of the many strategies posited in the literature, it becomes essential to objectively evaluate evidence from randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses to help determine the optimal stenting strategy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We reviewed the clinical evidence on the efficacy of coronary bifurcation stenting.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this paper, we review the most recent randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses on the efficacy of various stenting techniques and advances in stenting technologies published to gauge the current state of understanding and chart where the field is heading.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Bifurcation stenting is a maturing problem in the field of interventional cardiology that is adapting to the needs of the patients and advances in technology.</p>","PeriodicalId":10832,"journal":{"name":"Current Cardiology Reviews","volume":"19 1","pages":"e060422203185"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10201883/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10665385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modern Concepts of the Role of Fine Particles (PM 2.5) in the Genesis of Atherosclerosis and Myocardial Damage: Clinical and Epidemiological Data, the Main Pathophysiological Mechanisms.","authors":"Aleksey Michailovich Chaulin, Artem Konstantinovich Sergeev","doi":"10.2174/1573403X18666220817103105","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1573403X18666220817103105","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Due to the fact that atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) dominate in the structure of morbidity, disability and mortality of the population, the study of the risk factors for the development of atherosclerotic CVDs, as well as the study of the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms thereof, is the most important area of scientific research in modern medicine. Understanding these aspects will allow improving the set of treatment and preventive measures and activities. One of the important risk factors for the development of atherosclerosis, which has been actively studied recently, is air pollution with fine particulate matter (PM 2.5). According to clinical and epidemiological data, the level of air pollution with PM 2.5 exceeds the normative indicators in most regions of the world and is associated with subclinical markers of atherosclerosis and mortality from atherosclerotic CVDs. The aim of this article is to systematize and discuss in detail the role of PM 2.5 in the development of atherosclerosis and myocardial damage with the consideration of epidemiological and pathogenetic aspects. Materials and Methods: This narrative review is based on the analysis of publications in the Medline, PubMed, and Embase databases. The terms \"fine particles\" and \"PM 2.5\" in combination with \"pathophysiological mechanisms,\" \"cardiovascular diseases\", \"atherosclerosis\", \"cardiac troponins\", \"myocardial damage\" and \"myocardial injury\" were used to search publications. Conclusion: According to the conducted narrative review, PM 2.5 should be regarded as the significant risk factor for the development of atherosclerotic CVDs. The pro-atherogenic effect of fine particulate matter is based on several fundamental and closely interrelated pathophysiological mechanisms: endothelial dysfunction, impaired lipid metabolism, increased oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions, impaired functioning of the vegetative nervous system and increased activity of the hemostatic system. In addition, PM 2.5 causes subclinical damage to cardiac muscle cells by several mechanisms: apoptosis, oxidative stress, decreased oxygen delivery due to coronary atherosclerosis and ischemic damage of cardiomyocytes. Highly sensitive cardiac troponins are promising markers for detecting subclinical myocardial damage in people living in polluted regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":10832,"journal":{"name":"Current Cardiology Reviews","volume":"19 2","pages":"e170822207573"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10201893/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10133353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stem Cells and Congenital Heart Disease: The Future Potential Clinical Therapy Beyond Current Treatment.","authors":"Katherine Julian, Nikita Garg, Narutoshi Hibino, Rohit Jain","doi":"10.2174/1573403X18666220531093326","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1573403X18666220531093326","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common congenital anomaly in newborns. Current treatment for cyanotic CHD largely relies on the surgical intervention; however, significant morbidity and mortality for patients with CHD remain. Recent research to explore new avenues of treating CHD includes the utility of stem cells within the field. Stem cells have since been used to both model and potentially treat CHD. Most clinical applications to date have focused on hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Here, we examine the current role of stem cells in CHD and discuss future applications within the field.</p>","PeriodicalId":10832,"journal":{"name":"Current Cardiology Reviews","volume":"19 2","pages":"e310522205424"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10201894/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9774360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}