Current Cardiology Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Successful use of Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 Inhibitors in Hypertriglyceridemia-induced Acute Pancreatitis: A Case Report.","authors":"Rundi Qi, Hailei Liu, Xin Li, Minglong Chen","doi":"10.2174/011573403X343784241115055037","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011573403X343784241115055037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Managing hypertriglyceridemia-induced acute pancreatitis (HTG-AP) can be challenging, particularly due to the need for rapid triglyceride reduction to below 500mg/dL (5.645 mmol/L).</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>This is a case describing a 39-year-old female patient who presented to the Emergency Department with acute abdominal pain resulting from severe HTG-AP. However, under conventional therapy with oral lipid-lowering drugs, the triglyceride levels remained uncontrolled. Oral moderate-intensity statins could not only reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc) by 25%-50%. However, increasing the dose could not further reduce blood lipids while increasing the risk of liver damage. After the administration of proprotein convertase subtilisin/ kexin type 9 inhibitor (PCSK9i), the triglyceride levels were well controlled with no additional side effects, and the symptoms of the patients were completely relieved.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In cases of unsatisfactory lipid control under conventional therapy, PCSK9i may offer a viable option for managing HTG-AP.</p>","PeriodicalId":10832,"journal":{"name":"Current Cardiology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e1573403X343784"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12172237/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142946067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-bacterial Thrombotic Endocarditis in Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Maikel Kamel, Fahad Hussain, Christian Leung, Awais Paracha, Pranav Sathe, Ajay Jassal, Mahalia Huba, Umar Durrani, Nadim Ammari, Robert S Copeland-Halperin, Nagashree Seetharamu","doi":"10.2174/011573403X343187250117062341","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011573403X343187250117062341","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Non-bacterial Thrombotic Endocarditis (NBTE) is a rare condition characterized by aseptic vegetations of the heart valves, predisposing to valvular dysfunction and end-organ infarction. Lung Cancer (LC) is amongst the most common malignancies associated with NBTE.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PubMed/MEDLINE was searched from database inception until January 2024, pairing Non-bacterial Thrombotic Endocarditis (NBTE) and related terms with \"Lung Cancer (LC)\". Reports were included if patients had both NBTE and lung cancer. The risk of bias was assessed using Mixed Methods Analysis Testing (MMAT).</p><p><strong>Results and discussion: </strong>32 patients with an average age of 59y +/- 11.6 were included from 31 peer-reviewed publications, with significant findings as below: • The majority (47%) of patients were admitted with stroke. • The most commonly affected valve was aortic (51%), followed by mitral (43%), and tricuspid (5%). • At diagnosis of NBTE, 86% of patients had stage IV cancer. • Multi-organ infarct was common (61%), with the brain most often affected (40%). • Treatment of NBTE included antibiotics (86%), anticoagulation (50%), and cardiac surgery (6%). • Treatment of LC included traditional chemotherapy (30.7%), radiation (16%), tyrosine kinase inhibitors (11.5%), lobectomy (6%), and immunotherapy (3.8%). • Overall mortality rate was 77%. • Mortality rate was 38% in patients treated with chemotherapy and 91% in patients who did not receive chemotherapy. • Mortality rate stratified by anticoagulant: unfractionated heparin (85.7%), DOAC (75%), and LMWH (20%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>High clinical suspicion for NBTE in patients presenting with LC and thromboembolic phenomena can lead to changes in treatment and improved clinical outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":10832,"journal":{"name":"Current Cardiology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e1573403X343187"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12180360/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143412926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive Review of Coronary Artery Anatomy Relevant to Cardiac Surgery.","authors":"Emeka B Kesieme, Benjamin Omoregbee, Dumbor L Ngaage, Mark H D Danton","doi":"10.2174/011573403X321942241023112517","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011573403X321942241023112517","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In order to perform safe cardiac surgery, a knowledge of applied coronary artery anatomy and its variants is essential for cardiac surgeons. In normal individuals, the right and the left coronary arteries arise from the corresponding sinuses of Valsalva within the aortic root. From the cardiac surgical perspective, the coronary artery is divided into the left main coronary artery, its branches (the left anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery), and the right coronary artery. With high-risk cardiac surgeries, including redo procedures, becoming increasingly performed, abnormal courses and variations of the coronary arteries, if not recognized, can predispose the patient to avoidable coronary injuries, resulting in adverse outcomes of cardiac surgical procedures. We aim to describe normal and applied coronary anatomy, common coronary artery variants previously reported, and their clinical relevance to both adult and paediatric cardiac surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":10832,"journal":{"name":"Current Cardiology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e1573403X321942"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12060931/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142557352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insulin Resistance, Hyperinsulinemia and Atherosclerosis: Insights into Pathophysiological Aspects and Future Therapeutic Prospects.","authors":"Georgios S Papaetis, Anastasia Sacharidou, Ioannis C Michaelides, Konstantinos C Mikellidis, Stylianos A Karvounaris","doi":"10.2174/011573403X314035241006185109","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011573403X314035241006185109","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Insulin resistance describes the lack of activity of a known quantity of insulin (exogenous or endogenous) to promote the uptake of glucose and its utilization in an individual, as much as it does in metabolically normal individuals. On the cellular level, it suggests insufficient power of the insulin pathway (from the insulin receptor downstream to its final substrates) that is essential for multiple mitogenic and metabolic aspects of cellular homeostasis. Atherosclerosis is a slow, complex, and multifactorial pathobiological process in medium to large arteries and involves several tissues and cell types (immune, vascular, and metabolic cells). Inflammatory responses and immunoregulation are key players in its development and progression. This paper examines the possible pathophysiological mechanisms that govern the connection of insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, and the closely associated cardiometabolic syndrome with atherosclerosis, after exploring thoroughly both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> (preclinical and clinical) evidence. It also discusses the importance of visualizing and developing novel therapeutic strategies and targets for treatment, to face this metabolic state through its genesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":10832,"journal":{"name":"Current Cardiology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e1573403X314035"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12060932/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142459992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Young Hearts under Attack: The Alarming Increase in Heart Problems among Indian Youth.","authors":"Priyanka Paul, Raj Kamal, Ankit Awasthi","doi":"10.2174/011573403X333367240925094017","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011573403X333367240925094017","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10832,"journal":{"name":"Current Cardiology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e1573403X333367"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12060909/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142343173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Intersection of Heart Failure and Iron Deficiency Anemia: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches.","authors":"Maleesha Bw Thammitage, Naji Moussa, Ali Rezvani, Damandeep Kaur Dhillon, Miryam Lisseth Obando Gamarra, Kanwaraj Singh, Abdul Hawwa, Alejandra Felix Vincente, Sehajpreet Kaur, Kiranmayee Seshasai Nemalapuri, Devika Poonwassie, Manju Rai","doi":"10.2174/011573403X331380241111091452","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011573403X331380241111091452","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is highly prevalent among individuals with heart failure (HF), impacting 40-70% of patients and serving as a significant prognostic indicator. Linked with oxidative metabolism and myocardial cell damage, IDA exacerbates HF symptoms, including reduced exercise capacity, diminished quality of life, and heightened cardiovascular morbidity. This review explores the diagnosis, treatment, clinical outcomes, prognostic indicators, and forthcoming challenges associated with IDA in HF patients. Crucially, addressing IDA in HF is critical for enhancing prognosis, including clinical outcomes, quality of life, hospitalizations, and survival rates. While oral iron therapy shows efficacy in reducing mortality and hospitalizations, it falls short in improving exercise capacity and quality of life, often deterring patients due to side effects. In contrast, intravenous (IV) iron therapy is highly effective in enhancing hematological parameters, functional capacity, and reducing HF hospitalizations. Optimizing IV iron dosing based on individual patient characteristics is essential for balancing treatment efficacy and adverse effects. Emphasizing individualized approaches, with IV iron emerging as a superior option, underscores the necessity for ongoing research to refine dosing strategies and explore novel therapies. Compliance remains paramount for positive outcomes with IDA treatment, with oral supplementation being cost-effective and easily accessible. However, parenteral supplementation proves beneficial for patients intolerant to oral therapy. Addressing IDA through tailored interventions, including oral or parenteral supplementation, is pivotal in averting complications and improving outcomes in HF patients. This paper consolidates insights into the diagnosis, treatment, impact, pathophysiology, clinical outcomes, research gaps, and future directions concerning IDA in HF patients, drawing on extensive literature to offer a comprehensive understanding of this critical issue.</p>","PeriodicalId":10832,"journal":{"name":"Current Cardiology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e1573403X331380"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12172222/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142946069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the Complexities: Exploring Mechanisms of Anthracyclineinduced Cardiotoxicity.","authors":"Rohit Tayal, Ashi Mannan, Shareen Singh, Sonia Dhiman, Thakur Gurjeet Singh","doi":"10.2174/011573403X322928241021100631","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011573403X322928241021100631","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The coexistence of cancer and heart disease, both prominent causes of illness and death, is further exacerbated by the detrimental impact of chemotherapy. Anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity is an unfortunate side effect of highly effective therapy in treating different types of cancer; it presents a significant challenge for both clinicians and patients due to the considerable risk of cardiotoxicity. Despite significant progress in understanding these mechanisms, challenges persist in identifying effective preventive and therapeutic strategies, rendering it a subject of continued research even after three decades of intensive global investigation. The molecular targets and signaling pathways explored provide insights for developing targeted therapies, emphasizing the need for continued research to bridge the gap between preclinical understanding and clinical applications. This review provides a comprehensive exploration of the intricate mechanisms underlying anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity, elucidating the interplay of various signaling pathways leading to adverse cellular events, including cardiotoxicity and death. It highlights the extensive involvement of pathways associated with oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and cellular stress responses, offering insights into potential and unexplored targets for therapeutic intervention in mitigating anthracycline-induced cardiac complications. A comprehensive understanding of the interplay between anthracyclines and these complexes signaling pathways is crucial for developing strategies to prevent or mitigate the associated cardiotoxicity. Further research is needed to outline the specific contributions of these pathways and identify potential therapeutic targets to improve the safety and efficacy of anthracycline-based cancer treatment. Ultimately, advancements in understanding anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity mechanisms will facilitate the development of more efficacious preventive and treatment approaches, thereby improving outcomes for cancer patients undergoing anthracycline-based chemotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":10832,"journal":{"name":"Current Cardiology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e1573403X322928"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12060933/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142557354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elevated Perspectives: Unraveling Cardiovascular Dynamics in High-Altitude Realms.","authors":"Kanishk Aggarwal, Mayur Srinivas Pathan, Mayank Dhalani, Inder P Kaur, Fnu Anamika, Vasu Gupta, Dilip Kumar Jayaraman, Rohit Jain","doi":"10.2174/011573403X308818241030051249","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011573403X308818241030051249","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>High-altitude regions pose distinctive challenges for cardiovascular health because of decreased oxygen levels, reduced barometric pressure, and colder temperatures. Approximately 82 million people live above 2400 meters, while over 100 million people visit these heights annually. Individuals ascending rapidly or those with pre-existing cardiovascular conditions are particularly vulnerable to altitude-related illnesses, including Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS) and Chronic Mountain Sickness (CMS). The cardiovascular system struggles to adapt to hypoxic stress, which can lead to arrhythmias, systemic hypertension, and right ventricular failure. Pathophysiologically, high-altitude exposure triggers immediate increases in cardiac output and heart rate, often due to enhanced sympathetic activity. Over time, acclimatisation involves complex changes, such as reduced stroke volume and increased blood volume. The pulmonary vasculature also undergoes significant alterations, including hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction and vascular remodelling, contributing to conditions, like pulmonary hypertension and high-altitude pulmonary edema. Genetic adaptations in populations living at high altitudes, such as gene variations linked to hypoxia response, further influence these physiological processes. Regarding cardiovascular disease risk, stable coronary artery disease patients generally do not face significant adverse outcomes at altitudes up to 3500 meters. However, those with unstable angina or recent cardiac interventions should avoid high-altitude exposure to prevent exacerbation. Remarkably, high-altitude living correlates with reduced cardiovascular mortality rates, possibly due to improved air quality and hypoxia-induced adaptations. Additionally, there is a higher incidence of congenital heart disease among children born at high altitudes, highlighting the profound impact of hypoxia on heart development. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for managing risks and improving health outcomes in high-altitude environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":10832,"journal":{"name":"Current Cardiology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e1573403X308818"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12060922/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142590439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unlocking the Potential: Phytoestrogens and Cardiovascular Health.","authors":"Arvind Gulati, Himanshi Banker, Alina Amin Muhammad, Fnu Anamika, Rohit Jain","doi":"10.2174/011573403X333952241203050033","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011573403X333952241203050033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Phytoestrogens are plant-derived compounds resembling human estrogen and have recently gained attention due to their potential role in improving cardiovascular health. These compounds exert their effects through various mechanisms, including interactions with estrogen receptors, growth factor receptors, inflammatory mediators, thrombogenic reactions, and apoptotic pathways. This results in cardioprotective effects like modulating endothelial function, decreasing vessel tone, reducing inflammation, altering lipid profiles, and influencing arrhythmogenesis. Recent studies indicate the intricate and multidimensional association between phytoestrogens and cardiovascular disease. Despite the overwhelming evidence that phytoestrogen intake lowers the risk of myocardial infarction (MI), prevents atherosclerosis, improves cardiac function, prevents hypertension, and reduces the risk of arrhythmias, there have been studies that show contradictory outcomes. For this reason, the therapeutic use of phytoestrogens for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, which appears to be extremely promising, should be handled cautiously, considering the individual variances, dosage, and the specific components of phytoestrogens. This review consolidates findings on the effects of phytoestrogens on the heart and blood vessels, explores the mechanisms behind these interactions, and seeks to determine the best methods for using phytoestrogens as a supplement in managing and preventing cardiovascular disease. By understanding these aspects, we can better evaluate the potential of phytoestrogens in cardiovascular health and develop guidelines for their safe and effective use.</p>","PeriodicalId":10832,"journal":{"name":"Current Cardiology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e1573403X333952"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12172217/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142930847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacogenomics and its Role in Cardiovascular Diseases: A Narrative Literature Review.","authors":"Maryam Kayani, Gadde Krishna Sangeetha, Swapna Sarangi, Leela Sarmada Gaddamanugu, Shelja Sharma, Victor O Adedara, Saria Abdallah, Kristina Katz, Glendalys Rodríguez Mora, Sravani Kommuru, Zahra Nazir","doi":"10.2174/011573403X334668241227074314","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011573403X334668241227074314","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pharmacogenomics has transformed the way we approach the treatment of the most common diseases worldwide, especially cardiovascular. In this article, we highlight the main categories of drugs involved in major cardiovascular diseases (CVD), related genetic variability and their effects on metabolism in each case of contrastive operability. This not only explains disparities in treatment outcomes but also unfolds customised management based on genomic studies to improve efficiency and limit side effects. Genetic variations have been identified that impact the efficacy, safety, and adverse effects of drugs commonly used in the treatment of CVD, such as Angiotensin converting Enzyme Inhibitor (ACEI), Angiotensin Receptor Blocker (ARBs), calcium channel blockers, antiplatelet agents, diuretics, statins, beta-blockers, and anticoagulants. It discusses the impact of genetic polymorphisms on drug metabolism, efficacy, and adverse reactions, highlighting the importance of genetic testing in optimizing treatment outcomes. Pharmacogenomics holds immense potential for revolutionizing the management of CVD by enabling personalized medicine approaches tailored to individual genetic profiles. However, challenges such as clinical implementation, cost-effectiveness, and ethical considerations need to be addressed to completely incorporate pharmacogenomic testing into standard clinical practice. Continued research and clinical diligence are required for the utilization of pharmacogenomics to improve therapeutic outcomes and reduce the burden of CVD globally.</p>","PeriodicalId":10832,"journal":{"name":"Current Cardiology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e1573403X334668"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12180364/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143122354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}