Current Cardiology Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Safety and Efficacy of Zero Fluoroscopy Patent Ductus Arteriosus Closure in Comparison to the Standardized Fluoroscopy-Guided Procedure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Brian Mendel, Kelvin Kohar, Richie Jonathan Djiu, Defin Allevia Yumnanisha, Ananda Pipphali Vidya, Justin Winarta, Karunia Hafifah Arifin, Muhammad Dzaky Erlangga Mumtaz, Aqilla Katrita Zaira Nugroho, Gusti Ngurah Prana Jagannatha, Sisca Natalia Siagian, Radityo Prakoso","doi":"10.2174/011573403X338573241101092849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/011573403X338573241101092849","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) is a common condition in premature infants requiring intervention to avoid problems. Despite improvements in lowering radiation exposure and employing better contrast agents, fluoroscopy is still the most widely employed technique, which exposes interventional echocardiographers to radiation risks. Techniques, such as Transthoracic Echocardiography (TTE)-guided procedures or Transesophageal Echocardiography (TEE)-guided procedures, provide radiationfree options. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of fluoroscopy-guided versus non-fluoroscopy-guided PDA closure techniques with respect to the reduction in procedural risks and improved clinical decision-making when treating hemodynamically severe PDAs in premature newborns. As there is no specific age or cutoff for this procedure, it is crucial to perform it as early as possible to prevent complications, especially if symptoms are already present.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This systematic review has been registered in PROSPERO with registration number CRD42024516321. Three electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar) have been reviewed up to February 2024 to search the literature. The main outcome has been the procedural success rate. The additional outcomes have included procedural-related complications rate. We have performed a proportional meta-analysis using the random-effects model and the DerSimonian-Laird method. The risk of bias in all included studies has been evaluated using the STROBE guideline [1].</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 85 (78 fluoroscopy and 7 zero-fluoroscopy) studies have been included in this study. Percutaneous PDA closure success rate has been significantly higher in zero-fluoroscopy group compared to fluoroscopy guidance [99.4% (95%CI: 98.1-100%) and 94.6% (95%CI: 92.3-97%, test for subgroup differences p < 0.01), respectively]. The complication rate has been similar in both groups [4% (95%CI: 0- 10%) in zero-fluoroscopy and 8.9% (95%CI: 6.5-11.3%) in fluoroscopy group, test for subgroup differences; p = 0.14]. Device embolization has been the most common complication reported in the fluoroscopy group [1.7% patients (95%CI: 1.1-2.3%)]. Meanwhile, the residual leak has been the only complication reported in the zero-fluoroscopy group [15.6% patients (95%CI: 0-37.5%)].</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) is common in preemies and requires intervention. While fluoroscopy is widely used with lower radiation and better contrast agents, it still carries radiation risks. Thus, this review has evaluated the safety and effectiveness of fluoroscopy versus zero-fluoroscopyguided PDA closures, aiming to reduce procedural risks and enhance clinical decisions for treating PDA. Zero fluoroscopy techniques for percutaneous PDA closure have been found to yield comparable success rates and procedural outcomes to fluo","PeriodicalId":10832,"journal":{"name":"Current Cardiology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143122357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A New Mechanism of Supraventricular Tachycardia: Gene Mutation.","authors":"Jie Gao, Rong Luo, Xiaoping Li","doi":"10.2174/011573403X320610250108113731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/011573403X320610250108113731","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is very common in daily clinical practice, especially in the emergency department, with rapid onset and urgent management. The review highlights the recent genetic predispositions and mechanisms in SVT.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Through analysis of epidemiology, familial clustering, and gene mutations of the relevant literature，the review elucidates the genetic properties and potential pathophysiology of SVT.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There are many pathophysiological mechanisms related to atrioventricular node reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) and atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia (AVRT). Currently, there is relatively little research on inappropriate sinus tachycardia (IST), atrial tachycardia (AT), and congenital junctional ectopic tachycardia (CJET). It seems that every type of SVT has gene mutations in ion channels, with three types of SVT having gene mutations in signaling pathways, and others including gene mutations in beta-adrenergic-receptor autoantibodies, autonomic nervous system, and AV node structure.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>SVT has certain genetic characteristics and is often associated with other heart diseases. From the analysis of mutated genes in SVT, it appears to be a type of cardiac ion channel disease. Unlike common ion channel diseases, it is more insidious and more susceptible to external factors. The confirmation of the genetic basis of SVT provides direction for future hazard stratification assessment and gene targeted therapy drug research.</p>","PeriodicalId":10832,"journal":{"name":"Current Cardiology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143001569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Systematic Review on the Effectiveness of Machine Learning in the Detection of Atrial Fibrillation.","authors":"Lubabat Wuraola Abdulraheem, Baraah Al-Dwa, Dmitry Shchekochikhin, Daria Gognieva, Petr Chomakhidze, Natalia Kuznetsova, Philipp Kopylov, Afina Avtandilovna Bestavashvilli","doi":"10.2174/011573403X293703240715104503","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011573403X293703240715104503","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent endeavors have led to the exploration of Machine Learning (ML) to enhance the detection and accurate diagnosis of heart pathologies. This is due to the growing need to improve efficiency in diagnostics and hasten the process of delivering treatment. Several institutions have actively assessed the possibility of creating algorithms for advancing our understanding of atrial fibrillation (AF), a common form of sustained arrhythmia. This means that artificial intelligence is now being used to analyze electrocardiogram (ECG) data. The data is typically extracted from large patient databases and then subsequently used to train and test the algorithm with the help of neural networks. Machine learning has been used to effectively detect atrial fibrillation with more accuracy than clinical experts, and if applied to clinical practice, it will aid in early diagnosis and management of the condition and thus reduce thromboembolic complications of the disease. In this text, a review of the application of machine learning in the analysis and detection of atrial fibrillation, a comparison of the outcomes (sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy), and the framework and methods of the studies conducted have been presented.</p>","PeriodicalId":10832,"journal":{"name":"Current Cardiology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e310724232529"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12060928/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141874426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-rodent Models of Atherosclerosis: Repurposing of Existing Drugs and Search for Novel Treatment Strategies.","authors":"Siarhei A Dabravolski, Victoria A Khotina, Mikhail A Popov, Victor Y Glanz, Vasily N Sukhorukov, Alexander N Orekhov","doi":"10.2174/011573403X316529240919103119","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011573403X316529240919103119","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Atherosclerosis and associated cardiovascular diseases are the leading causes of illness and mortality worldwide. The development of atherosclerosis is a complex process involving oxidative stress, surplus lipid deposition and retention, endothelial dysfunction, and chronic inflammation. Developing novel anti-atherogenic and repurposing existing drugs requires the use of suitable animal models to characterise the fundamental mechanisms underlying atherosclerosis initiation and progression and to evaluate potential therapeutic effects. Commonly used rodent models, however, are not always appropriate, and other models may be required to translate these discoveries into valuable preventive and treatment agents for human applications. Recent advances in gene-editing tools for large animals have allowed the creation of animals that develop atherosclerosis faster and more similarly to humans in terms of lesion localisation and histopathology. In this review, we discuss the major advantages and drawbacks of the main non-rodent animal models of atherosclerosis, particularly rabbits, pigs, zebrafish, and non-human primates. Moreover, we review the application of recently invented novel therapeutic methods and agents, and repurposed existing drugs (such as antidiabetic and anticancer) for atherosclerosis treatment, the efficacy of which is verified on non-rodent animal models of atherosclerosis. In total, the proper selection of a suitable animal model of atherosclerosis facilitates reproducible and rigorous translational research in repurposing of existing drugs, discovering new therapeutic strategies, and validating novel anti-atherosclerotic drugs.</p>","PeriodicalId":10832,"journal":{"name":"Current Cardiology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e1573403X316529"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12060921/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142371203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atrial Fibrillation Ablation in Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction: An Observational Study of Risk Factors for Heart Failure Hospitalization.","authors":"Rundi Qi, Hailei Liu, Yue Zhu, Nan Wu, Kexin Wang, Xiangwei Ding, Zhoushan Gu, Mingfang Li, Hongwu Chen, Weizhu Ju, Xin Li, Minglong Chen","doi":"10.2174/011573403X348844241129111639","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011573403X348844241129111639","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Long-term heart failure hospitalization (HFH) after radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and its risk factors remain to be investigated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>AF patients with HFpEF who underwent RFCA from January, 2014 to December, 2018 from three centers were retrospectively included. Patients were assigned to the training and testing cohorts, respectively. In the training cohort, logistic regression analyses were performed to discriminate those with and without HFH. A scoring system was developed accordingly and validated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 417 AF patients with HFpEF receiving RFCA were enrolled. About 35 patients (8.4%) had HFH for 6 years. In the training cohort, the use of diuretics, atrial tachycardia (AT)/AF recurrence, prior HFH, and female sex were independent predictors of HFH in the multivariable analysis. A DAPF score (ranging from 0 to 9.0) was developed. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of the DAPF score was 0.880 (95% CI, 0.830- 0.929). A DAPF score ≥3.5 could predict HFH with a sensitivity of 81.8% and a specificity of 74.6%. The performance in the testing cohort remained robust (AUC, 0.858; 95% CI, 0.749- 0.967).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>HFH in patients with AF and HFpEF after RFCA is not rare. The DAPF score could predict the risk of HFH in AF patients with HFpEF after RFCA and guide our treatment strategy.</p>","PeriodicalId":10832,"journal":{"name":"Current Cardiology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e1573403X348844"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12172218/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142806384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heart Rate Variability and Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction: A Systematic Review of Literature.","authors":"Michiaki Nagai, Hallum Ewbank, Yukiko Nakano, Benjamin J Scherlag, Sunny S Po, Tarun W Dasari","doi":"10.2174/011573403X327105241021180916","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011573403X327105241021180916","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Autonomic impairment is a hallmark of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). While there have been studies on general values for each index of heart rate variability (HRV) analysis in HFrEF, a systematic review comprehensively examining representative values in HFrEF is lacking.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases to extract studies reporting representative values of HRV metrics in HFrEF.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 470 HFrEF patients from 6 studies were included in the review. In general, time and frequency domains were abnormally lower in HFrEF, portending a worse prognosis. In HFrEF, the mean or median value of the standard deviation of NN interval, root mean square successive difference, pNN50, and low-frequency power/high-frequency power were 40 to 121 msec, 19 to 62 msec, 1.3 to 14%, and 1.00 to 1.73, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this systematic review, most HRV metrics were found to be calculated from 24- hour Holter recordings and were lower in HFrEF patients with poor prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":10832,"journal":{"name":"Current Cardiology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e1573403X327105"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12060912/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142567281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Involvement of New Members of the Interleukin Family in Cardiovascular Disease.","authors":"Abdullah Al Noman, Sanzida Alam Flora, Monty Datta, Fahmida Afrose, Nushaiba Binte Hasan, Tahamina Akhter, Nayeema Jameel Anuva, Rashmi Pathak, Himanshu Sharma","doi":"10.2174/011573403X330079241213071055","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011573403X330079241213071055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cardiovascular diseases remain a significant reason for illness and death globally. Although certain interleukins have been extensively researched about cardiovascular disease (CVD), new findings have identified unique members of the interleukin family that could potentially play a role in cardiovascular well-being and ailments. This review discusses the current understanding of the role of these recently identified interleukins, such as IL-27, IL-31, IL-32, IL-33, and the IL-28 group (IL-28A, IL-28B, IL-29), in the development of cardiovascular diseases. Every interleukin has various impacts achieved through particular receptors and signaling pathways that affect inflammatory processes, differentiation of immune cells, and the functioning of blood vessels. IL-27 controls the development of inflammatory Th17 cells and might decrease inflammation in atherosclerosis. IL-31 plays a role in the interaction between the immune system and nerves, as well as in itching. IL-32 enhances the generation of inflammatory proteins and has been linked to coronary artery disease. IL-33 has beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system, whereas its imitation receptor sST2 could potentially be used as a biomarker. Additional studies are needed to investigate the antiviral and immune-system regulating effects of the IL-28 group in cardiovascular diseases. In general, explaining the ways in which new interleukins contribute to the progression of cardiovascular diseases can help discover fresh targets for therapy and new approaches toward enhancing the prevention and treatment of heart disorders. Additional research on the way these cytokines engage with established disease pathways is necessary.</p>","PeriodicalId":10832,"journal":{"name":"Current Cardiology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e1573403X330079"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12180359/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143022593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Physical Exercise and the use of Doxorubicin on Cardiac Function in Rodents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Bruno Gama Linhares, Diego Gama Linhares, Rodrigo Gomes de Souza Vale","doi":"10.2174/011573403X328856241219114652","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011573403X328856241219114652","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Anthracycline-based chemotherapy, such as Doxorubicin (DOX), often induces cardiotoxicity in cancer patients, which compromises their health and quality of life.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to verify the effects of exercise concomitant with prolonged administration of DOX on improving cardiotoxicity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic literature search in MedLine, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases was performed from inception until November 2023, strictly following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Preclinical randomized controlled trials related to exercise, cardiotoxicity, and DOX were included.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eight studies were included in the systematic review and 7 were selected for metaanalysis. By evaluating the Fractional Shortening (FS), it was possible to verify that exercise as complementary therapy provided a cardioprotective effect when compared to DOX combined with sedentary behavior (heterogeneity: I² = 53%; tau² = 0.19; p = 0.03; overall effect: z = 2.69; p < 0.01). However, no additional benefits were observed for the Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF) (heterogeneity: I² = 82%; tau² = 1.43; p < 0.01; overall effect: z = 1.42; p = 0.15).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The included studies demonstrated exercise to have a cardioprotective effect on rodents, mainly on FS. However, there is a lack of high-level evidence to guide exercise prescription in clinical practice to improve cardiotoxicity associated with DOX administration.</p>","PeriodicalId":10832,"journal":{"name":"Current Cardiology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e1573403X328856"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12180366/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143390379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive Review of Coronary Artery Anatomy Relevant to Cardiac Surgery.","authors":"Emeka B Kesieme, Benjamin Omoregbee, Dumbor L Ngaage, Mark H D Danton","doi":"10.2174/011573403X321942241023112517","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011573403X321942241023112517","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In order to perform safe cardiac surgery, a knowledge of applied coronary artery anatomy and its variants is essential for cardiac surgeons. In normal individuals, the right and the left coronary arteries arise from the corresponding sinuses of Valsalva within the aortic root. From the cardiac surgical perspective, the coronary artery is divided into the left main coronary artery, its branches (the left anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery), and the right coronary artery. With high-risk cardiac surgeries, including redo procedures, becoming increasingly performed, abnormal courses and variations of the coronary arteries, if not recognized, can predispose the patient to avoidable coronary injuries, resulting in adverse outcomes of cardiac surgical procedures. We aim to describe normal and applied coronary anatomy, common coronary artery variants previously reported, and their clinical relevance to both adult and paediatric cardiac surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":10832,"journal":{"name":"Current Cardiology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e1573403X321942"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12060931/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142557352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Successful use of Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 Inhibitors in Hypertriglyceridemia-induced Acute Pancreatitis: A Case Report.","authors":"Rundi Qi, Hailei Liu, Xin Li, Minglong Chen","doi":"10.2174/011573403X343784241115055037","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011573403X343784241115055037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Managing hypertriglyceridemia-induced acute pancreatitis (HTG-AP) can be challenging, particularly due to the need for rapid triglyceride reduction to below 500mg/dL (5.645 mmol/L).</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>This is a case describing a 39-year-old female patient who presented to the Emergency Department with acute abdominal pain resulting from severe HTG-AP. However, under conventional therapy with oral lipid-lowering drugs, the triglyceride levels remained uncontrolled. Oral moderate-intensity statins could not only reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc) by 25%-50%. However, increasing the dose could not further reduce blood lipids while increasing the risk of liver damage. After the administration of proprotein convertase subtilisin/ kexin type 9 inhibitor (PCSK9i), the triglyceride levels were well controlled with no additional side effects, and the symptoms of the patients were completely relieved.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In cases of unsatisfactory lipid control under conventional therapy, PCSK9i may offer a viable option for managing HTG-AP.</p>","PeriodicalId":10832,"journal":{"name":"Current Cardiology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e1573403X343784"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12172237/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142946067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}