Current Cardiology Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Chemotherapy-Induced Cardiotoxicity: A Comprehensive Review of Current Understanding and Future Directions.","authors":"Lavanya Rama Rao, Maneeth Mylavarapu, Karthik Prakash, Gevorg Manoukian, Aaron Titus Abraham, Edouard Kabassakalian, Anagha Sreekumar, Heba Sara Dileep, Adiena Arshad, Asifa Tabassum Bilgi, Rafay Usman, Mahnoor Azhar, Kaustav Majumder","doi":"10.2174/011573403X392956251210124152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/011573403X392956251210124152","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Chemotherapy-Induced Cardiotoxicity (CIC) has become a growing concern in modern oncology. While chemotherapy remains one of the most effective treatments against cancer, its potential to harm the heart often limits its use. The underlying mechanisms involve oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammation, all contributing to the gradual weakening of cardiac muscle. As cancer survival improves, the burden of cardiovascular complications is more visible than ever, emphasizing the need for early recognition, prevention, and long-term management.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This review draws upon published literature, recent clinical trials, and translational research to explore current understanding and future directions in CIC. Studies on anthracyclines and HER2 inhibitors were reviewed in depth, along with new data on diagnostic biomarkers, imaging techniques, and evolving therapeutic strategies. Particular attention was given to the role of pharmacogenomics, preventive interventions, and emerging therapies aimed at protecting or restoring cardiac function in patients undergoing chemotherapy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CIC can present as heart failure, arrhythmia, hypertension, myocardial ischemia, or thromboembolism. Factors such as age, obesity, cumulative drug exposure, and genetic predisposition significantly raise the risk. Recent advances have improved early detection-troponins, natriuretic peptides, and echocardiography with Global Longitudinal Strain (GLS) allow for identification before overt symptoms appear. Preventive strategies, including dose adjustments, liposomal formulations, and the cardioprotective agent dexrazoxane, have shown measurable benefits. Established cardiotoxicity can be managed with conventional heart failure medications, antihypertensives, and anticoagulants. Experimental approaches-ranging from mitochondrial stabilizers and histone deacetylase inhibitors to mesenchymal stem cell therapy-show promise in reversing cardiac injury.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>CIC reflects a complex interaction between cancer biology, treatment intensity, and patientspecific vulnerability. A proactive, multidisciplinary approach involving both oncologists and cardiologists is key to balancing cancer control with heart health. Lifestyle measures such as regular exercise and dietary optimization can further strengthen cardiovascular resilience. Advances in genetic testing, molecular imaging, and regenerative therapy are gradually shifting the field toward more personalized cardio-oncology care.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity continues to challenge clinicians striving for a cure without compromise. The future of cancer care lies in integrating precision medicine with preventive cardiology to minimize cardiac injury while maintaining therapeutic efficacy. Continued research into molecular targets, biomarkers, and cell-based therapies offe","PeriodicalId":10832,"journal":{"name":"Current Cardiology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147462567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heart Failure in the Era of Precision Medicine: Advances, Challenges, and Future Directions.","authors":"Francisco Epelde","doi":"10.2174/011573403X433317251107113544","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011573403X433317251107113544","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Heart Failure (HF) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with a heterogeneous clinical spectrum requiring increasingly individualized care. Advances in pharmacotherapy, device interventions, and precision medicine have transformed HF management. This review synthesizes recent developments, persistent challenges, and emerging opportunities in HF care.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a narrative review of landmark clinical trials, guideline updates, and high-impact studies published between January 2020 and December 2024. Sources included PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and major cardiology society publications. Studies were selected based on clinical relevance, robustness of evidence, and applicability to contemporary practice.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Recent evidence supports the use of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) across the EF spectrum, expanding HF treatment beyond traditional ejection fraction categories. Novel therapies, including vericiguat, omecamtiv mecarbil, and transthyretin amyloidosis- specific drugs, have addressed previously unmet needs. Precision medicine approaches, incorporating genetic testing, biomarker-guided care, and advanced imaging, show promise in tailoring interventions. However, disparities in access, underrepresentation in clinical trials, and implementation barriers persist.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The integration of novel pharmacologic agents, disease-specific therapies, and precision medicine tools has broadened the therapeutic landscape for HF. Ongoing challenges include ensuring equitable access, validating emerging technologies, and translating trial findings into practical applications in real-world settings. Multidisciplinary care models and pragmatic clinical trials will be essential to address these gaps.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Advances in HF therapeutics and precision medicine are reshaping patient care. Strategic implementation, equitable access, and continued innovation are critical to improving outcomes across diverse HF populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":10832,"journal":{"name":"Current Cardiology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13656230/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147462521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial Intelligence: A Game Changer in the Diagnosis, Treatment, and Management of Chronic Heart Failure.","authors":"Francisco Epelde","doi":"10.2174/011573403X410467251117092411","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011573403X410467251117092411","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Chronic heart failure (CHF) represents a major global health burden. This review explores the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) in improving its diagnosis, treatment, and management.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study conducted a comprehensive literature review to evaluate the current and emerging applications of AI in CHF. Databases, such as PubMed, Scopus, and IEEE Xplore, were searched for peer-reviewed articles published between 2015 and 2025, focusing on AIbased diagnostic tools, predictive modeling, treatment personalization, and remote monitoring systems.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant advancements were identified in AI-enhanced diagnostics, predictive models for hospital readmissions, personalized treatment optimization, and AI-driven remote monitoring systems. These technologies have demonstrated improvements in diagnostic accuracy, risk stratification, and real-time patient management.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>AI offers substantial benefits for CHF management by enabling data-driven, individualized care. Nonetheless, challenges remain, including variability in data quality, lack of algorithm transparency, and ethical considerations regarding patient privacy and accountability.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>AI holds transformative potential for CHF management. Its successful integration can enhance diagnostic precision, personalize treatment, and support proactive patient care- ultimately improving outcomes and reducing the global burden of CHF.</p>","PeriodicalId":10832,"journal":{"name":"Current Cardiology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13656237/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147456035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Efficacy of Sacubitril/Valsartan (ARNI) in Decreasing Mortality Among Heart Failure Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Hashim Talib Hashim, Mohammedbaqer Ali Al-Ghuraibawi, Muhammad Hassan Hafeez, Abbas Kamil Sh Khalaf, Ahmed Qasim Mohammed Alhatemi, Vikash Kumar Karmani, Wajeeh Hassan, Kanchan Chaudhary, Marwa Fadhil Alsaffar, Ahmed Dheyaa Al-Obaidi, Zainab Ahmed Lateef, Zahraa I Al-Anssari, Israa Al-Ghuri","doi":"10.2174/011573403X375722251124114203","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011573403X375722251124114203","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Chronic heart failure (CHF) remains a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality, frequently resulting in hospitalizations and diminished quality of life. Sacubitril/ Valsartan, the first angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) approved by the FDA, has shown promising effects in reducing mortality and improving clinical outcomes. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Sacubitril/ Valsartan compared with conventional therapies in patients with CHF.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched up to April 18, 2024, using predefined terms. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials comparing Sacubitril/Valsartan with standard therapies in adult CHF patients. Data extraction was performed independently by multiple reviewers, and study quality was assessed using the JBI checklist. Meta-analyses were conducted to estimate pooled outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ten randomized controlled trials, including 15,650 patients, were analyzed. The mean age across studies was 68.4 years, with males comprising 59.4% of the Sacubitril/Valsartan group and 63.3% of the control group. Sacubitril/Valsartan significantly reduced NT-proBNP levels (SMD = -0.30, 95% CI: -0.58 to -0.03; p = 0.03) and disease-related events (OR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.76-0.89; p < 0.00001). Hypotension was the most frequently reported adverse event (OR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.28-1.93; p < 0.0001), whereas hyperkalemia and renal dysfunction did not differ significantly from control groups.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The findings indicate that Sacubitril/Valsartan improves outcomes in patients with CHF and exhibits an acceptable safety profile, although clinicians should monitor for hypotension.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Sacubitril/Valsartan represents an effective therapeutic option for CHF, providing significant benefits in reducing mortality and morbidity compared with standard therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":10832,"journal":{"name":"Current Cardiology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13656260/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147442681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Recovery of Oxygen Kinetics in Heart Failure: A Systematic Review of Oxygen Kinetics During the First Minute of Recovery after Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in Heart Failure.","authors":"Maria Petridou, Giorgios Mitsiou, Dimitrios Farmakis, Konstantinos Lampropoulos, George Papathanasiou","doi":"10.2174/011573403X342074251127052634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/011573403X342074251127052634","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is the gold standard for assessing functional capacity in heart failure (HF). Oxygen kinetics during the early recovery phase, particularly the VO₂/t-slope (the linear slope of oxygen uptake reduction during the first minute of recovery), are delayed in HF due to specific pathophysiological mechanisms. The hypothesis of a correlation between the VO₂/t-slope and peak oxygen uptake (VO₂peak) in HF remains debated. However, their parallel variation in HF patients, compared with healthy individuals and post-exercise interventions, suggests a common pathophysiological pathway. Since the VO₂/t-slope is independent of CPET duration and intensity, it may serve as a valuable alternative to VO₂peak, particularly for symptomatic HF patients.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;To compare oxygen kinetics during the early CPET recovery phase in HF and healthy populations, evaluate VO₂/t-slope variations after exercise training, and propose the VO₂/t-slope as a complementary indicator to VO₂peak for HF diagnosis, classification, and prognosis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Method: &lt;/strong&gt;A systematic review was conducted on studies examining the correlation between the VO₂/t-slope and VO₂peak in HF patients, with or without structured training programs. The following keywords were used: \"VO₂/t-slope,\" \"oxygen kinetics,\" \"recovery,\" \"cardiopulmonary test,\" \"VO₂peak,\" and \"heart failure.\" Databases included PubMed, SciELO, Cochrane (CENTRAL), and ScienceDirect, following PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta- Analyses) guidelines. The PEDro scale (Clinimetric Tool Physiotherapy Evidence Database) was used to assess study quality. The systematic review is registered in INPLASY (DOI: 10.37766/inplasy2024.9.0111, registration number INPLASY: 202490111). Out of 542 articles, 10 were selected based on the study's eligibility criteria.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;A direct, positive, and statistically significant relationship was found between the VO₂/t-slope and VO₂peak after maximal CPET (r = 0.84, P &lt; 0.001; VO₂peak = 10.5 + 16 × VO₂/t-slope) and after submaximal CPET (r = 0.87, P &lt; 0.001; VO₂peak = 9.5 + 20 × VO₂/t-slope). Both parameters varied proportionally (indirect correlation) with HF severity and improved after exercise training, indicating shared metabolic pathways. Strength training combined with high-intensity aerobic exercise further enhanced cardiorespiratory recovery compared with aerobic training alone. HF-related histological and biochemical muscle changes, including mitochondrial adaptations, contribute to the observed VO₂/tslope delays and to the proportional variability of both the VO₂/t-slope and VO₂ peak.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;VO2/t-slope is a promising diagnostic and prognostic indicator for HF, complementing VO2peak in maximal and submaximal CPET. Its proportional deterioration in HF and improvement post-exercise highlights its role in assessin","PeriodicalId":10832,"journal":{"name":"Current Cardiology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147364462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Rare Presentation of Left Ventricular False Tendon Across the Mitral Valve Connecting the Left Atrium and Ventricle: A Case Report.","authors":"Fazeela Ansari, Alma AlFakhori, Montaser Nabeeh Al Smady, Mohamed Kasem, Ahmed Adel Hassan","doi":"10.2174/011573403X395039250725103753","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011573403X395039250725103753","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cardiac False tendons are anatomical variants of fibromuscular structures that generally should not exist in the heart. The left ventricular tendon, which crosses the left ventricular cavity, is typically seen in most cases of false cardiac tendons; however, our case differs from other cardiac false tendons. This case involves a fibrous tendon that spans the mitral valve, connecting the left atrium and ventricle. This unusual presentation has only been documented once. Based on our knowledge and research, this is the first documented occurrence in the United Arab Emirates and the second incident worldwide.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 12-year-old girl presented to an outpatient clinic with palpitations as her main complaint. After transthoracic echocardiography, it was suggested that a false tendon was passing through the mitral valve to connect the left atrium and left ventricle. We performed a transesophageal echo to confirm the diagnosis, and the results were identical to those of the transthoracic echocardiography. Since the uncommon false tendon only caused mild symptoms, an extensive multidisciplinary meeting was held, and we opted to manage the patient conservatively and monitor them annually at the outpatient cardiology clinic.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this uncommon case presentation, accurately diagnosing the condition and establishing a treatment and follow-up plan are crucial for understanding similar cases in the future. This variant of false tendons across the mitral valve appears to be a benign anatomical structural variant, comparable to other false tendons in the heart. Currently, there is insufficient evidence to link false tendons to increased cardiac morbidity and mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":10832,"journal":{"name":"Current Cardiology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e1573403X395039"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13273745/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144793658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Dilemma in the Management of Patients with Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction, Sinus Rhythm and Left Ventricular Spontaneous Echo Contrast: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Hedieh Alimi, Ali Tajik","doi":"10.2174/011573403X363285250519064030","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011573403X363285250519064030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Heart failure (HF) is a complex clinical syndrome that arises from structural or functional impairment of ventricular filling or ejection of blood, resulting in previous characteristic symptoms of fatigue, dyspnea, and fluid retention. Among the complications of heart failure is the development of spontaneous echo contrast (SEC), characterized by a smoke-resembling appearance on echocardiograms, which indicates blood stasis in heart chambers. Despite being identified as an echocardiographic marker in the left atrium that correlates with thrombus formation and causes thromboembolic events, the clinical importance of left ventricular spontaneous echo contrast (LV-SEC) and the appropriate management for patients with this condition remain uncertain due to insufficient data. Anticoagulant therapy is generally recommended for patients with established left ventricular thrombus (LVT). However, for patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and sinus rhythm (SR), as a result of a decrease in thromboembolic events over time, it is typically not recommended. The main challenge lies in assessing the thromboembolic risk and determining appropriate management in patients with HFrEF, sinus rhythm (SR), and left ventricular spontaneous echo contrast (LV-SEC), compared to those with left ventricular thrombus (LVT) and those with HFrEF and SR without LV-SEC. The aim of this paper is to review the guidelines and trials on clinical characteristics, outcomes, and management of patients with LV-SEC and compare the suggested management with the established management for LVT and HF patients with sinus rhythm without LV-SEC.</p>","PeriodicalId":10832,"journal":{"name":"Current Cardiology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e1573403X363285"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12951050/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144186751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term Cardiac Sequelae in Lyme Carditis: A Review.","authors":"Mohamed Badheeb, Ashraf Ahmed, Anton Stolear, Al-Hassan Soliman Wadan, Samdish Sethi, Juan Arango, Riyadh Saif, Rezane Miftari, Stuart Zarich","doi":"10.2174/011573403X395575251115055154","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011573403X395575251115055154","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Lyme disease, primarily caused by Borrelia burgdorferi in North America, is a common spirochetal infection transmitted via tick bites. The dissemination of Lyme spirochetes can result in multisystem complications, including Lyme carditis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This review incorporated data from observational studies, retrospective analyses, systematic reviews, and case reports involving patients with confirmed or presumed Lyme carditis. Key outcomes included prevalence, reversibility, and chronicity of cardiac involvement, as well as diagnostic and prognostic implications.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Atrioventricular block represents the most prevalent conduction abnormality in Lyme carditis, occurring in up to 90% of cases, with high-degree of persistent blocks potentially necessitating temporary or permanent pacing. While the majority of conduction abnormalities resolve with appropriate antimicrobial therapy, a subset of patients experience persistent dysfunction. Structural complications, including myocarditis, pericarditis, and, less frequently, endocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy, have been documented. Emerging evidence suggests that persistent myocardial inflammation and autoimmune mechanisms may contribute to the development of longterm cardiac remodeling and dysfunction. Reports of coronary artery involvement and aneurysmal changes, though rare, raise further concern regarding chronic cardiovascular risk.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This review highlights several cardiovascular complications of Lyme carditis that can persist despite medical therapy. While permanent conduction abnormalities, fulminant myocarditis, and subsequent ventricular dysfunction have been reported, studies on chronic heart failure are limited, and coronary artery involvement remains underrecognized, necessitating further research.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While Lyme carditis is generally self-limited with timely therapy, accumulating evidence indicates the potential for lasting cardiac sequelae. Further longitudinal studies are warranted to delineate risk factors, pathophysiologic mechanisms, and optimal strategies for longterm surveillance and management.</p>","PeriodicalId":10832,"journal":{"name":"Current Cardiology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e1573403X395575"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13519574/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146046245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pulmonary Veno-occlusive Disease in a Military Pilot: Case Report and Mini-review.","authors":"Ganna Radchenko, Yurii Botsiuk, Olena Dyadyk, Christina A Eichstaedt, Vitaliy Sokolov, Svenlana Guk, Yuriya Sirenko","doi":"10.2174/011573403X412872251107111309","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011573403X412872251107111309","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease (PVOD) is a rare subtype of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), often diagnosed only in cases resistant to PAH therapy or after lung histology is obtained through transplantation or autopsy. Early diagnosis of PVOD, however, is associated with improved outcomes. We present a case of PVOD initially diagnosed and confirmed by lung biopsy.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 24-year-old male military pilot, a non-smoker, was admitted with progressive dyspnea. On examination, his heart rate was 110 beats per minute, respiratory rate 20 per minute, oxygen saturation 88% at rest and 95% with 3 L/min supplemental oxygen. He was classified as WHO functional class IV, with a six-minute walking distance of 60 m and NT-proBNP of 3315 pg/ml. Electrocardiogram and echocardiography revealed right heart enlargement. Right heart catheterization confirmed precapillary pulmonary hypertension with a low cardiac index (1.75 L/min/m²). High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the lungs showed septal lines, centrilobular ground-glass opacities, and latero-aortic and subcarinal lymph node enlargement, suggestive of PVOD. Diagnosis was confirmed histologically via open lung biopsy and genetically by identification of biallelic EIF2AK4 variants. Eight months after diagnosis, lung transplantation was performed, resulting in dramatic improvement of the patient's condition. This case highlights key aspects of PVOD etiology, epidemiology, diagnosis, and management.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Patients with PAH should undergo careful evaluation for PVOD. Recognition of characteristic clinical, radiological, and genetic features enables suspicion of this rare PAH subtype and guides cautious titration of targeted therapies. Lung transplantation remains the preferred treatment option for PVOD patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":10832,"journal":{"name":"Current Cardiology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e1573403X412872"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13519572/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146050748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Left Main Revascularization in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Ioannis Gialamas, Konstantinos Kalogeras, Panteleimon Pantelidis, Georgios E Zakynthinos, Antonios Lysandrou, Efstratios Katsianos, Athina Goliopoulou, Maria Ioanna Gounaridi, Nikolaos Vythoulkas-Biotis, Ourania Katsarou, Evangelos Oikonomou, Gerasimos Siasos, Manolis Vavuranakis","doi":"10.2174/011573403X396917250910215747","DOIUrl":"10.2174/011573403X396917250910215747","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction/objective: </strong>This systematic review and meta-analysis compares percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) as revascularization strategies for patients with left main coronary artery disease (LMCAD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, and CENTRAL was conducted, with a pre-registered study protocol registered on PROSPERO (ID: CRD42024496529). The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE), a composite of allcause mortality, myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, or ischemia-driven revascularization. Secondary endpoints included each component of MACCE and 30-day all-cause mortality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seven studies were analyzed, including five cohort studies and two subanalyses of randomized clinical trials, encompassing 3,376 patients. PCI was associated with a higher incidence of MACCE (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.50; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.26-1.78), driven by allcause mortality (HR: 1.38; 95% CI 1.07-1.79), MI (HR: 1.76; 95% CI 1.15-2.71), and ischemiadriven revascularization (HR: 3.66; 95% CI 1.84-7.30). There were no differences in stroke rates (HR: 0.70; 95% CI 0.40-1.22) or 30-day all-cause mortality (odds ratio [OR]: 1.28; 95% CI 0.85- 1.94).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>While previous studies have reported conflicting evidence regarding the noninferiority of PCI to CABG in patients with LMCAD, our pooled analysis demonstrates an increased incidence of MACCE in the PCI group, primarily driven by higher rates of all-cause mortality, MI, and ischemia-driven revascularization. The findings suggest that CKD may play a role in clinical outcomes comparable to diabetes in multivessel disease and should be a key factor in revascularization decisions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CABG is associated with superior long-term outcomes compared to PCI in patients with LMCAD and CKD. However, dedicated randomized controlled trials stratified by CKD stage are essential to guide optimal treatment strategies in this high-risk population.</p>","PeriodicalId":10832,"journal":{"name":"Current Cardiology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e1573403X396917"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13519571/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145085323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}