{"title":"Ramadan Fasting in Chronic Heart Failure: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Ahad Nourmohammad, Negar Sheibani, Nima Ghasemzadeh, Amirreza Naseri, Elnaz Javanshir, Erfan Banisefid","doi":"10.1007/s11886-026-02434-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11886-026-02434-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a significant global health concern, affecting over 64 million individuals worldwide. During Ramadan, the ninth month of the Islamic calendar, Muslims abstain from food, drink, smoking, and sexual activity between dawn and sunset. This systematic review investigates the potential impact of Ramadan observance in patients with CHF.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In accordance with JBI and PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive literature search was performed across PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science to identify clinical studies examining the effects of Ramadan fasting in patients with CHF. Review articles, case reports, animal studies, editorials, conference abstracts, and commentaries were excluded. Risk of bias was evaluated using the JBI critical appraisal tools.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The search identified 137 articles, of which seven met the inclusion criteria. The included studies were mostly conducted in MENA region. Overall, Ramadan fasting was not associated with increased hospitalization rates, deterioration in clinical status, or higher mortality among patients with heart failure.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study suggest that fasting may be relatively safe when undertaken with appropriate medical supervision and adherence to prescribed treatment. Nonetheless, larger prospective studies are warranted to further validate these observations.</p>","PeriodicalId":10829,"journal":{"name":"Current Cardiology Reports","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149180018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pharmacologic Stress Myocardial Perfusion Imaging with SPECT and PET in Liver Transplant Candidates: Physiologic Limitations, Current Evidence, and Future Directions.","authors":"Menachem M Jacobs, Attila Feher","doi":"10.1007/s11886-026-02429-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11886-026-02429-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Myocardial perfusion imaging with SPECT and PET is commonly used to assess coronary artery disease, but its role in liver transplant candidates remains incompletely defined. This review examines how cirrhotic physiology affects pharmacologic stress imaging and summarizes current evidence for the use of SPECT, PET, and quantitative perfusion measures in this population.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Hyperdynamic circulation, elevated resting myocardial blood flow, impaired chronotropic response, and attenuated vasodilator reserve may reduce the diagnostic performance of relative perfusion imaging. Reported SPECT sensitivity for coronary artery disease in liver transplant candidates is substantially lower than the general population. Quantitative PET, particularly myocardial flow reserve, has shown possible prognostic value, although evidence is limited to small observational cohorts. SPECT should be interpreted cautiously in higher-risk candidates. PET may offer additional physiologic and prognostic information, but transplant-specific thresholds and clinical pathways remain unvalidated. Whether improved perfusion-based risk stratification changes management and improves outcomes remains to be determined.</p>","PeriodicalId":10829,"journal":{"name":"Current Cardiology Reports","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149147578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andre H Chu, Boomer Olsen, Joshua Choi, Amara Sarwal, Farrant Sakaguchi, Farideh Akramimoghadam, Joshua A Jacobs, Deepika Reddy, Nikhil Bhatt, Oshozimhede Iyalomhe, Niharika Katkam, Matthew Wahl, Aarya Choudhary, Polina Kukhareva
{"title":"Disparities in GLP-1RA and SGLT2i Uptake: a Systematic Review and an Equity-First Framework for Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Care.","authors":"Andre H Chu, Boomer Olsen, Joshua Choi, Amara Sarwal, Farrant Sakaguchi, Farideh Akramimoghadam, Joshua A Jacobs, Deepika Reddy, Nikhil Bhatt, Oshozimhede Iyalomhe, Niharika Katkam, Matthew Wahl, Aarya Choudhary, Polina Kukhareva","doi":"10.1007/s11886-026-02431-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11886-026-02431-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) improve cardiovascular, kidney, and metabolic outcomes, but equitable access remains a major challenge. This review synthesizes U.S. evidence on disparities in their use and proposes an Equity-First Framework for cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic care to advance pharmacoequity.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Across 100 U.S.o studies published from 2013 to 2026, the most consistent inequities involved race and ethnicity, socioeconomic status, insurance coverage, age, and access to specialty care, while geographic and sex-related patterns were more heterogeneous. Black and Hispanic patients, Medicaid beneficiaries, lower-income populations, and older adults frequently experienced lower prescribing or initiation. Although use increased following landmark trials and guideline updates, uptake remained well below the eligible population, and disparities persisted or widened for some newer agents. Barriers spanned societal and policy, health-system, provider, patient, and therapy-related domains. Achieving pharmacoequity will require coordinated, multilevel implementation. Our framework links equity-relevant factors and implementation determinants to actionable strategies, including equity monitoring, identification and engagement of eligible patients, equitable care pathways, reduction of structural access barriers, and support for clinicians and patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":10829,"journal":{"name":"Current Cardiology Reports","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149126854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Racial and Ethnic Disparities in the Utilization and Outcomes of Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation and Flutter: a State-of-the-Art Review.","authors":"Daniel Antwi-Amoabeng, T David Gbadebo","doi":"10.1007/s11886-026-02425-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11886-026-02425-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Catheter ablation (CA) has become a first-line option for rhythm control strategy for atrial fibrillation (AF) and atrial flutter (AFL). We synthesize recent evidence regarding racial and ethnic disparities in CA utilization in the United States and examine the structural mechanism driving them.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Black patients are 28 to 36% less likely to undergo CA for AF or AFL compared to White patients, with similarly reduced odds (22 - 35%) observed among Hispanic and Asian patients for AF. While subgroup analysis from clinical trials like CABANA demonstrate survival benefits of CA among minority cohorts, real-world data reveal that the very populations that stand to benefit the most are the least likely to receive CA. Public insurance models, upstream referral bottlenecks, geographic specialty deserts, and clinician-level implicit bias serve as primary structural drivers of these disparities. Racial and ethnic gaps persist in CA utilization and outcomes for both AF and AFL. AF/AFL prevalence is influenced by racial and ancestral biology while CA access disparity is driven by race as a social construct. These two phenomena require fundamentally different investigative frameworks and intervention targets.</p>","PeriodicalId":10829,"journal":{"name":"Current Cardiology Reports","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13642398/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149105364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Left Atrial Appendage: Anatomy, Electrophysiology, and Clinical Implications for Atrial Fibrillation and Stroke.","authors":"Adriana Daniela Sârb, Csilla-Andrea Eötvös, Teodora Avram, Iulia-Georgiana Zehan, Mădălina Patricia Moldovan, Roxana Daiana Lazar, Giorgia Coșeriu, Patricia Schiop-Tentea, Ioana-Diana Mihuș, Oliviu Florențiu Sârb, Mihnea Istrate, Doinita Crisan, Edwin Kevin Heist, Sorin Pop, Dan Blendea","doi":"10.1007/s11886-026-02428-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11886-026-02428-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>The left atrial appendage (LAA) is nowadays recognized as both an arrhythmogenic substrate and the dominant source of thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation (AF). In this review we tried to summarize recent data on the anatomy, physiology, and imaging of the LAA, and examine how these findings help guide rhythm-control and stroke-prevention strategies.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>High-resolution mapping confirms the LAA as a non-pulmonary-vein trigger source in persistent and post-ablation AF, supporting LAA electrical isolation in selected patients, though isolation may induce mechanical standstill and mandate continued thromboprophylaxis. The 2024 ESC guidelines reframed stroke-risk assessment around the sex-neutral CHA₂DS₂-VA score within the AF-CARE pathway. An important recent study was the OPTION trial, which showed that LAA closure after AF ablation was as effective as oral anticoagulation for preventing death, stroke, or systemic embolism and was associated with less non-procedure-related bleeding. These findings support the use of LAA closure in selected patients after ablation. New imaging and emerging computational tools may also improve patient selection and help guide device sizing. A comprehensive assessment of the anatomy, function, and electrical activity of the LAA can help adapt AF treatment to each patient.</p>","PeriodicalId":10829,"journal":{"name":"Current Cardiology Reports","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13642397/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149105396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Known Unknowns: Unpacking Controversies and Uncertainties in the 2025 Guidelines for Management of Acute Coronary Syndromes.","authors":"Valentina Jaramillo Restrepo, Sunil V Rao","doi":"10.1007/s11886-026-02427-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11886-026-02427-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>The 2025 ACC/AHA/ACEP/NAEMSP/SCAI Guideline for managing patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) is the first major update since the 2013-2015 ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and non-ST elevated myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) guidelines. It brings both conditions together into a single framework. This review covers the most important new and revised recommendations and points out where evidence is still lacking.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>New findings show that several significant updates are based on recent large-scale trials. The use of bivalirudin with high-dose infusion after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is now given a Class I recommendation for primary PCI in the case of STEMI, as a result of the BRIGHT-4 trial. Complete revascularization is also now recommended as Class I for stable STEMI patients who have multivessel disease, according to the COMPLETE trial. For a selected group of patients with refractory cardiogenic shock resulting from a myocardial infarction, the percutaneous microaxial flow pump has received a new Class IIa recommendation from the DanGer Shock trial, while the intra-aortic balloon pump and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation are classified as Class III for routine use. Intracoronary imaging (intravascular ultrasound and optical coherence tomography) is now given a Class I recommendation for complex PCI, based on the data of the RENOVATE-COMPLEX-PCI, OCTOBER, and OCTIVUS trials. The guidelines also suggest specific low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) targets, and non-statin drugs should be added if the LDL-C level remains above 70 mg/dL even when maximum statin therapy is used. Regarding antiplatelet therapy, ticagrelor or prasugrel is now preferred to clopidogrel in the case of ACS-PCI, and it is formally recommended to switch to P2Y12 monotherapy at one month in patients at high risk for bleeding as an alternative to standard DAPT. The updates indicate a shift towards more potent antiplatelet therapy at hospital presentation, use of radial access when feasible, more use of imaging-guided PCI, stricter lipid targets, and more refined antiplatelet approaches at the time of discharge. That said, significant gaps in the evidence still exist. It has not yet become clear whether physiology-guided revascularization of non-culprit arteries in patients with STEMI or NSTEMI is better than angiography-guided PCI-a question that is currently being investigated in the randomized COMPLETE-2 trial. The optimal time to provide mechanical circulatory supper in cases of cardiogenic shock remains uncertain. The recent neutral findings from intracoronary imaging studies such as OPTIMAL and IVUS-CHIP might alter the existing Class I recommendation. Lastly, new data from the HOST-EXAM, and SMART CHOICE 3, studies suggest that P2Y12 monotherapy may be better than aspirin for the long-term prevention of major adverse cardiovascular events, and this could","PeriodicalId":10829,"journal":{"name":"Current Cardiology Reports","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149105400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Health-Related Social Needs and Cardiovascular Disease.","authors":"Charity Foxx, Seth A Berkowitz","doi":"10.1007/s11886-026-02424-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11886-026-02424-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>To examine the relationship between health-related social needs, specifically food insecurity, housing instability, and transportation barriers, interventions to address those needs, and cardiovascular health outcomes.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Food insecurity and housing instability are associated with many adverse cardiovascular disease outcomes, including greater prevalence and incidence, worse disease management, and greater risk of complications. Transportation barriers are plausibly linked to worse outcomes, but relatively understudied. Food is medicine interventions, which address food insecurity and help overcome barriers to healthy eating, have shown important benefits for blood pressure and heart failure in large-scale randomized clinical trials. Few interventions have evaluated the impacts on cardiovascular outcomes of addressing housing instability or transportation barriers. Health-related social needs clearly contribute to worse cardiovascular health. Several recent trials show promising benefits from addressing food insecurity. There is not yet enough evidence to draw conclusions about the cardiovascular health impacts of addressing housing instability and transportation barriers.</p>","PeriodicalId":10829,"journal":{"name":"Current Cardiology Reports","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149105398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abdelrahman Hafez, Mohamed Nour, Ramzi Ibrahim, Jenna Othman, Mohamed Reyad Mohamed, Kamal Awad, Julia Zanco, Vinicius De Sousa Barzon Serra, Mahmoud Abdelnabi, Mahmoud Elbsiony, Said Alsidawi, Steven J Lester, Chadi Ayoub, Reza Arsanjani
{"title":"Comorbid Cardiovascular-Liver Disease Disparities: Current Understanding and Future Directions.","authors":"Abdelrahman Hafez, Mohamed Nour, Ramzi Ibrahim, Jenna Othman, Mohamed Reyad Mohamed, Kamal Awad, Julia Zanco, Vinicius De Sousa Barzon Serra, Mahmoud Abdelnabi, Mahmoud Elbsiony, Said Alsidawi, Steven J Lester, Chadi Ayoub, Reza Arsanjani","doi":"10.1007/s11886-026-02426-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11886-026-02426-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a prevalent chronic liver disease and a multisystem cardiometabolic disorder. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in this population. This review examines disparities in the recognition and management of coexisting cardiovascular and metabolic liver disease.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Shared metabolic and inflammatory pathways link liver disease with obesity, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and CVD. Differences in measured disease prevalence across racial and ethnic groups must be interpreted separately from genetic susceptibility and in the context of structural inequities, diagnostic practices, and access to care. Socioeconomic disadvantage and sex- and gender-related barriers may further affect diagnosis and treatment. Resmetirom and semaglutide have expanded treatment options for selected adults with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), but unequal access to fibrosis assessment, insurance coverage, and longitudinal care may limit their benefits. An equity-centered cardio-hepatology framework should integrate early risk identification, stepwise noninvasive fibrosis assessment, individualized cardiovascular prevention, and access to indicated liver-directed therapies. Treatment and quality measures should reflect clinical eligibility rather than medication use alone. Inclusive research and coordinated long-term care are needed to evaluate whether these strategies narrow disparities.</p>","PeriodicalId":10829,"journal":{"name":"Current Cardiology Reports","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149105315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jan Habasko, Petr Kuchynka, Mayara Elisa Bonatto, Tomas Palecek
{"title":"Eosinophilia and the Heart: Evolving Concepts.","authors":"Jan Habasko, Petr Kuchynka, Mayara Elisa Bonatto, Tomas Palecek","doi":"10.1007/s11886-026-02423-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11886-026-02423-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>This review summarises recent advances in cardiac involvement in eosinophilia, with particular emphasis on pathophysiology, diagnostic challenges and therapeutic options.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Up to 43% of patients with histologically proven eosinophilic myocarditis (EM) have no evidence of peripheral blood eosinophilia. Aberrations in the interleukin-5 pathway are central to the pathophysiology of EM. In addition, other contributing factors for specific aetiologies are being recognised, such as susceptibility loci GPA33 and IRF1/IL5 in patients with ANCA-negative eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis. There is growing evidence for interleukin-5 pathway inhibition in disease management. EM carries a high mortality risk and thus, early identification of these patients, multidisciplinary collaboration and early initiation of targeted therapy are of utmost importance. Future studies are needed to investigate other therapeutic options, including long-acting anti-interleukin-5 inhibitors.</p>","PeriodicalId":10829,"journal":{"name":"Current Cardiology Reports","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149105369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Massimo Imazio, Francesco Venturelli, Valentino Collini
{"title":"Cardiac Sarcoidosis: A Practical Guide for Cardiologists.","authors":"Massimo Imazio, Francesco Venturelli, Valentino Collini","doi":"10.1007/s11886-026-02417-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11886-026-02417-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) is an inflammatory granulomatous cardiomyopathy associated with atrioventricular block, ventricular arrhythmias, heart failure (HF), and sudden cardiac death (SCD). Diagnosis and management remain challenging because myocardial involvement is patchy and evidence from randomized trials is limited. This review summarizes current knowledge on CS, focusing on advances in diagnosis, immunosuppression, and prevention of arrhythmic events.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Cardiac involvement is clinically recognized in 5-10% of patients with sarcoidosis but is more frequent in imaging and autopsy studies. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) and ^18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) provide complementary information on myocardial scar and active inflammation. Multimodality imaging, extracardiac tissue diagnosis, guided endomyocardial biopsy, and consensus criteria improve diagnostic confidence. Corticosteroids remain first-line therapy for active inflammation, while steroid-sparing agents are increasingly used to reduce corticosteroid exposure or treat persistent disease. Inflammasome/interleukin-1 inhibition is an emerging targeted strategy, but its clinical efficacy remains unproven. SCD risk stratification now extends beyond left ventricular ejection fraction to include ventricular arrhythmias, conduction disease, ventricular dysfunction, and myocardial scar burden. Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapy remains central in selected high-risk patients. CS requires early recognition of both inflammation and myocardial scar. CMR and FDG-PET are central to diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic decisions, while management combines immunosuppression, HF therapy, and arrhythmia prevention. Major uncertainties remain regarding optimal diagnostic criteria, immunosuppression strategies, serial imaging, and primary-prevention ICD selection. Prospective studies and randomized trials are needed to refine treatment and risk stratification.</p>","PeriodicalId":10829,"journal":{"name":"Current Cardiology Reports","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13627202/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149105393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}