Current Cardiology Reports最新文献

{"title":"Polygenic Risk Scores in Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Towards the Future.","authors":"Daria R Kramarenko, Sean J Jurgens, Yigal M Pinto, Connie R Bezzina, Ahmad S Amin","doi":"10.1007/s11886-025-02239-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11886-025-02239-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have recently shown that common genetic variations significantly affect the risk of developing dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). This has enabled the development of polygenic scores (PGSs), which aim to aggregate the impact of multiple common genetic variants across the genome to provide an overall genetic risk score for disease manifestation and disease severity. In this review, we discuss the latest findings pertaining to GWASs and PGSs for DCM and various ways in which PGSs could improve the management of patients with DCM or risk of developing DCM.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>In 2024 the two largest GWAS meta-analyses for DCM were published. Notably, both studies produced PGSs that were able to discriminate healthy subjects from DCM patients which brings promise for potential clinical application of the scores. Large-scale GWAS have identified common genetic variants associated with DCM, leading to the development of PGS, which show strong associations with disease risk and hold potential for clinical applications. However, before clinical implementation, further research is needed to explore their utility in real-world settings and across diverse populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":10829,"journal":{"name":"Current Cardiology Reports","volume":"27 1","pages":"87"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12078399/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144076564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reproducibility of ¹⁸F-Sodium Fluoride Positron Emission Tomography for Assessing Microcalcification in Coronary Arterial and Thoracic Aortic Atherosclerosis: Is the Signal below the Resolution of PET?","authors":"Ondrej Fanta, Shiv Patil, Thomas Werner, Drew A Torigian, Abass Alavi","doi":"10.1007/s11886-025-02240-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11886-025-02240-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>The rising prevalence of atherosclerosis has prompted the development of novel diagnostic methods capable of identifying early-stage disease when therapeutic interventions may be most effective. ¹⁸F-sodium fluoride (NaF) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is a molecular imaging technique that can quantify subclinical microcalcification in arterial plaque. The focus of this review article is to discuss the utility of ¹⁸F-NaF PET/CT in assessing atherosclerotic disease of major susceptible blood vessels, particularly the coronary arteries and thoracic aorta.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>¹⁸F-NaF uptake observed on PET imaging demonstrates promising potential as a marker of atherosclerotic burden in individual coronary arteries, whole heart segmentations, and the thoracic aorta. Global versus focal assessment of ¹⁸F-NaF uptake in small arteries is a significant source of methodological heterogeneity among studies. The accuracy and reproducibility of ¹⁸F-NaF PET/CT may be improved by standardized quantification methods in light of the limited spatial resolution of PET, particularly through the use of techniques to evaluate global atherosclerotic burden.</p>","PeriodicalId":10829,"journal":{"name":"Current Cardiology Reports","volume":"27 1","pages":"88"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12078425/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144076565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mutual Regulation of Cardiovascular and Hematopoietic Development.","authors":"Norika Liu, Haruko Nakano, Atsushi Nakano","doi":"10.1007/s11886-025-02236-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11886-025-02236-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>The cardiovascular and hematopoietic systems share molecular mechanisms and regulatory interactions across species. Endocardial hematopoiesis, a debated topic in mice, is actually an evolutionarily conserved process from Drosophila. This review explores the origins and significance of endocardial hematopoiesis, highlighting its role in cardiac development and macrophage formation.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Despite extensive lineage-tracing and transcriptome studies, it remained unclear until single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) identified that endocardial cells possess an intrinsic hematopoietic program independent of known hematopoietic organs. These endocardial-derived macrophages contribute uniquely to cardiac morphogenesis, supporting valve maturation and tissue remodeling. Endocardial hematopoiesis is an evolutionarily conserved phenomenon that is essential for developmental process. The heterogeneity of tissue-resident macrophages and their specialized functions in cardiac development have been further unraveled by single-cell analysis. This review provides an evolutionary perspective on endocardial hematopoiesis and highlights its critical contributions of hematopoietic cells to heart formation and homeostasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":10829,"journal":{"name":"Current Cardiology Reports","volume":"27 1","pages":"86"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12014711/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143992519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Guidance for the Pathogenetic Definition of Cardiomyopathies.","authors":"Bishow Paudel, Jonathan Pan, Cristiane C Singulane, Shuo Wang, Matthew Thomas, Michael Ayers, Steven Philips, Amit R Patel","doi":"10.1007/s11886-025-02233-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11886-025-02233-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Pathogenetics is the study of genetics in disease pathogenesis. Many abnormal gene alleles have been identified in cardiomyopathies, but their clinical utility remains limited. This review aims to examine the integration of cardiac MRI (CMR) with genetic data to enhance early detection, prognostication, and treatment strategies for cardiomyopathies.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>CMR is the gold standard imaging modality for cardiomyopathy evaluation, capable of detecting subtle structural and functional changes throughout the disease course. When applied to patients with genetic mutations, with or without phenotypic expression, CMR aids in early diagnosis and risk stratification. Cardiomyopathies can be categorized into at least seven clinical groups based on morphology, function, and genetic associations: (1) Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), (2) Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), (3) Restrictive cardiomyopathy, including transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR-CM), iron overload, and Anderson-Fabry disease, (4) Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM), (5) Non-dilated left ventricular cardiomyopathy (NDLVC), (6) Peripartum cardiomyopathy, and (7) Muscular dystrophy-related cardiomyopathy. We have described left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) as a morphological trait rather than a distinct cardiomyopathy. Emerging CMR and genetic data suggest an inflammatory component in DCM and ACM, with potential therapeutic implications for immunotherapy. Advanced CMR techniques, such as quantitative perfusion, can distinguish cardiomyopathies from ischemic heart disease and detect early microvascular dysfunction, particularly in ATTR-CM and HCM. Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) and parametric mapping (T1 and extracellular volume [ECV]) further enhance early diagnosis, prognostication and treatment response by assessing fibrosis and myocardial composition. The integration of CMR and genetic insights improves our understanding of cardiomyopathy pathogenesis, aiding in early diagnosis and prognostic assessment. Future research should leverage artificial intelligence (AI) to analyze genetic and radiomic CMR features, including perfusion data, to establish a comprehensive pathogenetic framework. This approach could refine disease classification, identify novel therapeutic targets, and advance precision medicine in cardiomyopathy management.</p>","PeriodicalId":10829,"journal":{"name":"Current Cardiology Reports","volume":"27 1","pages":"85"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12003507/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143977619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiovascular Outcomes After Acute Coronary Syndrome in Persons Living with HIV: A Scoping Review.","authors":"David Iskhakov, Julie N Deleger, Jorge Plutzky, Virginia A Triant, Emily P Hyle","doi":"10.1007/s11886-024-02186-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11886-024-02186-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Over the past twenty-five years, a growing body of research has investigated outcomes after an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) event in persons with HIV (PWH). In this scoping review, we assessed the published literature on outcomes after a prior ACS event in PWH compared to persons without HIV (PWoH) in the US and Europe.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Of 27 studies of secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease, 15 studies found a greater incidence of recurrent ACS, heart failure, in-stent thrombosis, revascularization, restenosis, and mortality in PWH after a prior ACS event compared to PWoH. PWH were more likely to present with STEMI, less likely to receive percutaneous coronary intervention, and more likely to exhibit an active inflammatory state. The remaining 12 studies found no significant difference in outcomes after a prior ACS event. PWH may face an increased risk of adverse outcomes after ACS that differ in presentation and management compared with PWoH. Larger observational studies are needed to assess outcomes after a prior ACS event in PWH compared to PWoH and improve clinical management.</p>","PeriodicalId":10829,"journal":{"name":"Current Cardiology Reports","volume":"27 1","pages":"84"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11999250/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143957405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"⁶⁸Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT for the Assessment of Light-Chain Cardiac Amyloidosis: A Promising Risk- Stratification Imaging Modality.","authors":"Yaqi Zheng, Yanlin Wang, Xiaoli Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s11886-025-02230-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11886-025-02230-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>The diagnosis of light-chain cardiac amyloidosis (AL-CA) is often delayed owing to nonspecific clinical symptoms and comorbidities, making early detection and risk stratification essential for early intervention. Activated cardiac fibroblasts play a vital role in cardiac remodeling and cardiac damage progression, leading to heart failure. Emerging imaging modalities visualize fibroblast activation protein (FAP) as a marker of activated fibroblasts, enabling non-invasive and accurate measurement of cardiac remodeling for risk stratification. This review summarizes the status of diagnosis and treatment, pathogenic basis of AL-CA, and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging to assess the potential of gallium 68 (⁶⁸Ga)-labeled FAP inhibitor 04 (⁶⁸Ga-FAPI-04) for AL-CA diagnosis and treatment.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>⁶⁸Ga-FAPI-04 PET/computed tomography (CT) can detect myocardial fibroblast activation in patients with AL-CA, with significant uptake observed in most patients. The degree of activation correlates with cardiac function, morphology, and serum markers, suggesting its utility in prognostic assessments. ⁶⁸Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT may enable more robust risk stratification and prognostic assessment than that via ¹⁸F-florbetapir PET/CT, underscoring the significance of cardiac fibroblast activation in predicting the outcomes of patients with AL-CA. ⁶⁸Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT has emerged as a promising tool for diagnosing AL-CA, offering insights into the molecular characteristics of the disease and aiding in clinical decision-making. Existing findings suggest the potential of ⁶⁸Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT for enhancing myocardial fibrosis management in AL-CA. Future multicenter trials are warranted to validate these findings and explore the integration of ⁶⁸Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT with other imaging modalities to improve the diagnosis and prognostic prediction of patients with AL-CA.</p>","PeriodicalId":10829,"journal":{"name":"Current Cardiology Reports","volume":"27 1","pages":"83"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143956718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction in Patients with Systemic Vasculitis.","authors":"Shihab Sarwar, Faisal Ahmed, Yoshito Kadoya, Ramtin Hakimjavadi, Kevin Emery Boczar","doi":"10.1007/s11886-025-02231-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11886-025-02231-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) is characterized by impaired coronary blood flow in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease. CMD primarily involves the microvasculature, leading to myocardial ischemia, angina, and increased cardiovascular risk. Systemic vasculitides (e.g., giant cell arteritis, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis, and Takayasu arteritis) are a group of autoimmune conditions known to affect the vasculature through inflammation of the blood vessels that have been associated with more prevalent and severe CMD. Although systemic inflammation likely plays a role in the increased risk of cardiovascular events, the underlying pathogenesis is not well understood.</p><p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Invasive and non-invasive techniques for assessing coronary microvascular function have been developed to assess for blood flow and coronary flow reserve (CFR), defined as the ratio of the maximum achievable blood flow during stress to the resting blood flow. The purpose of this review is to further explore the relationship between vasculitis and CMD as well as the techniques available for assessing this association.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Studies have shown that CMD is significantly more prevalent in patients with systemic vasculitis compared to the general population. Moreover, in the absence of significant atherosclerotic burden, patients with vasculitis have a lower CFR than controls, indicating more severely impaired coronary vasomotor function. This suggests that systemic inflammation itself is a factor in driving coronary vasomotor abnormalities and CMD development. CMD contributes to cardiovascular morbidity in patients with systemic vasculitis, underscoring the need for early recognition and management. Further studies are needed to determine whether therapies targeting the reduction of systemic inflammation can lead to improved coronary microvascular function and cardiovascular outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":10829,"journal":{"name":"Current Cardiology Reports","volume":"27 1","pages":"81"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143810550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Cardio-Oncology Care.","authors":"Olayiwola Bolaji, Michelle N Johnson","doi":"10.1007/s11886-025-02229-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11886-025-02229-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>This review examines racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic disparities in cardio-oncology care, evaluating current evidence and proposing evidence-based strategies to address inequities in cardiovascular care for cancer patients.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Significant disparities exist in cardio-oncology outcomes and access across populations. Racial and ethnic minoritized groups face higher cardiovascular mortality and increased cardiotoxicity risks during cancer treatment. These populations also preset with more advanced-stage cancer diagnoses and increased burden of cardiovascular risk factors. Social vulnerability indices strongly correlate with worse outcomes, while geographic location and environmental factors create additional risks. Rural populations particularly struggle with access to specialized care and clinical trials. Multiple factors contribute to disparities in cardio-oncology, including social determinants of health, disproportionate burden of cardiovascular risk factors, barriers to access, and environmental exposures. Key solutions include expanding access to subspecialty care, creation of collaborations between academic centers and community hospitals, particularly those in underserved communities, enhancing community engagement and public health education, improving clinical trial representation, increasing workforce diversity, and enhancing cultural competency. These findings emphasize the need for systematic healthcare delivery changes and resource allocation to achieve equitable cardio-oncology care for all populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":10829,"journal":{"name":"Current Cardiology Reports","volume":"27 1","pages":"82"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143810553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiovascular Risk Associated with the Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Adults.","authors":"Aditi Kothari, John Paul Aparece, Raul Del Toro Mijares","doi":"10.1007/s11886-025-02223-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11886-025-02223-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>The increasing prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) makes it important to study the cardiovascular implications of this disease and the drugs used to treat it. As more patients are diagnosed with ADHD across the world and these medications are prescribed more, it is imperative to understand the cardiovascular risk profile associated with these medications. This narrative review will highlight the importance of considering cardiovascular risk factors inherent to ADHD and the medications currently used to treat it.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Chronic sympathetic activation as caused by ADHD therapies has numerous effects on the cardiovascular system including an increase in blood pressure and heart rate. These changes could potentially lead to heart failure, arrythmias or even sudden cardiac death. While a few studies that have shown no correlation between ADHD medications and cardiovascular effects, current guidelines recommend a thorough assessment prior to initiating treatment and periodic monitoring during treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":10829,"journal":{"name":"Current Cardiology Reports","volume":"27 1","pages":"80"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143794741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutrition Optimization Among Critically Ill Patients in the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit.","authors":"Saisnigdha Allaparthi, Amanda Bode, Christan Bury, Amanda R Vest","doi":"10.1007/s11886-025-02208-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11886-025-02208-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Many critical care clinicians are unfamiliar with management principals or recent studies that guide nutritional optimization of patients in the cardiac intensive care unit (CICU). The goal of this review is to describe the prevalence of malnutrition in the CICU, the frameworks for malnutrition diagnosis and assessment of skeletal muscle wasting, and the potential clinical consequences of improper feeding practices.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Malnutrition is common and has been linked to poor outcomes across various CICU patient populations. Several nutritional randomized controlled trials have refined best practices around the timing of enteral nutrition and the selection of protein intake targets in the intensive care setting. A hypocaloric, rather than normocaloric, feeding regimen usually preferred during the early phase of critical illness, and it is important to await adequate gut perfusion before uptitrating enteral feeds. There is an evolving evidence base that defines current practice in CICU nutritional management, albeit with multiple knowledge gaps warranting further study.</p>","PeriodicalId":10829,"journal":{"name":"Current Cardiology Reports","volume":"27 1","pages":"79"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11971161/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143779368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}