Critical Reviews in Biotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Knot-knot chronicles: unveiling the G-quadruplexes.","authors":"Himanshi Sharma, Rohini Garg","doi":"10.1080/07388551.2024.2435960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07388551.2024.2435960","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>G-quadruplex structures (GQSes) are the intricate molecular knots or marvels that play diverse roles in various cellular processes, such as replication, transcription, and translation, which regulate gene expression. Even though GQSes can be found throughout the genome, they are more prevalent in certain genomic regions like promoters and 5'-UTRs. This review discusses the functionality of GQSes across various regions of the genome and draws attention to the intriguing world of DNA and RNA GQSes. We highlight the uniqueness and similarities of GQSes in DNA and RNA. The functional roles of various proteins that interact with GQSes are also discussed. In addition, the role of GQSes in the context of plant development has been elaborated. The approaches for detecting GQSes using different methods and their influence in regulating gene regulation are also described. We provide insights into how GQSes can be used as potential game changers in plant biotechnology by utilizing them as regulatory switches to control various aspects of transcriptional and post-transcriptional processes depending on the arrangement of GQSes.</p>","PeriodicalId":10752,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Biotechnology","volume":"45 5","pages":"1159-1174"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144583318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The mechanisms of environmental stress tolerance in <i>Gluconobacter oxydans</i>: progress and perspectives.","authors":"Yan Chen, Fei Liu, Aobo Sha, Meijuan Xu, Zhiming Rao, Xian Zhang","doi":"10.1080/07388551.2024.2426011","DOIUrl":"10.1080/07388551.2024.2426011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Gluconobacter oxydans</i> have been widely used in industrial compound production for their incomplete oxidation ability. However, they are often subjected to a wide variety of severe environmental stresses, such as extreme pH, high temperature, osmotic pressure, and organic solvents, which greatly repress microbial growth viability and productivity. As typical biocatalysis chassis cells with a high tolerance to external environmental stresses, it is extremely important to construct highly tolerant chassis cells and understand the tolerance mechanisms of <i>G. oxydans</i> and how different stresses interact with the cell: membranes, phospholipid bilayers, transporters, and chaperone proteins. In this review, we discuss and summarize the mechanisms of environmental stress tolerance in <i>G. oxydans</i>, and the promising strategies that can be used to further construct tolerant strains are prospected.</p>","PeriodicalId":10752,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"1117-1130"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142681267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biological production of nicotinamide mononucleotide: a review.","authors":"Rhudith B Cabulong, Saroj Raj Kafle, Anju Singh, Mukesh Sharma, Beom Soo Kim","doi":"10.1080/07388551.2024.2433993","DOIUrl":"10.1080/07388551.2024.2433993","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) presents significant therapeutic potential against aging-related conditions, such as Alzheimer's disease, due to its consistent and strong pharmacological effects. Aside from its anti-aging effect, NMN is also an emerging noncanonical cofactor for orthogonal metabolic pathways in the field of biomanufacturing. This has significant advantages in the field of metabolic engineering, allowing cells to produce unnatural chemicals without disrupting the natural cellular processes. NMN is produced through both the chemical and biological methods, with the latter being more environmentally sustainable. The primary biological production pathway centers on the enzyme nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase, which transforms nicotinamide and phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate to NMN. Efforts to increase NMN production have been explored in microorganisms, such as: <i>Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis,</i> and yeast, serving as biocatalysts, by rewiring their metabolic processes. Although most researchers are focusing on genetically and metabolically manipulating microorganisms to act as biocatalysts, a growing number of studies on cell-free synthesis are emerging as a promising strategy for producing NMN. This review explores the different biological production techniques of NMN employing microorganisms. This article, in particular, is essential to those who are working on NMN production using microbial strain engineering and cell-free systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":10752,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"1058-1075"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142827649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advances in sustainable strategies for development of innovative nanobiocatalysts using immobilized β-glucosidase for industrial applications.","authors":"Shivangi Chamoli, Shimali, Ambika Chamoli, Kachan Karki, Ravendra Kumar, Vinod Kumar, Piyush Kumar","doi":"10.1080/07388551.2025.2517714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07388551.2025.2517714","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>β-glucosidases are a well-characterized, diverse group of hydrolytic enzymes that act on various substrates. They are extensively used in different sectors, including: bioethanol, food, flavor, nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical industries. Immobilization improves the operational stability, reusability and catalytic efficiency of β-glucosidase compared to the free enzyme. The nanoscale dimensions, high surface area of the nanomaterial, and strong enzyme-nanosupport interactions prevent denaturation and leaching of β-glucosidase. This boosts enzyme stability, reduces the need for replenishment, and allows for easy recovery and reuse, minimizing enzyme waste and energy consumption in industrial biocatalysis. Nanosupport materials, including: inorganic materials, carbon, biopolymer-based, and magnetic nanoparticles, have gained popularity as immobilization matrices for generating either β-glucosidase immobilization or co-immobilization systems for various applications. The present review focuses on the current trends in immobilization strategies of β-glucosidase for improving operational stability and recyclability of the enzyme. Additionally, this review provides deeper insights into various surface modifications of magnetic and non-magnetic nanosupport matrices employed for immobilization and their impact on the catalytic efficiency of β-glucosidase. Moreover, the review thoroughly investigates the challenges encountered in immobilizing β-glucosidases on various nanosupport matrices. It concludes with insightful remarks that encourage future researchers to conduct studies dedicated to the development of a highly efficient, industrially adapted nanobiocatalytic system to achieve sustainable biotransformation aligning with United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDG): SDG 2 (Sustainable Food System), SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy), SDG 9 (Sustainable Industry), SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption), and SDG 13 (Climate Action: Reducing Carbon Emissions).</p>","PeriodicalId":10752,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144682184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulation and molecular biology of prodigiosin by <i>Serratia marcescens</i>.","authors":"Noor Ul Huda, Noor Hassan, Hazrat Ali, Yingqian Kang","doi":"10.1080/07388551.2025.2529588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07388551.2025.2529588","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prodigiosin is an alkaloid, cell-associated, red pigment extensively produced as a secondary metabolite by Gram negative bacterium, <i>Serratia marcescens</i>. The red pigment holds immense recognition for multifunctional tri-pyrrole structure and as a promising candidate for wide array of industrial applications. The biosynthesis and regulation of prodigiosin in <i>S. marcescens</i> is a complex process, manifesting biological information at multiple cellular levels as genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics. The current review delves into molecular biology of <i>S. marcescens</i> highlighting it as a prolific producer of prodigiosin. This review also highlights crucial aspects of regulatory mechanisms for prodigiosin production in <i>S. marcescens</i>, along with recent advancements in strain improvement and heterologous production of pigment in industrially compliant host. In addition, this review integrates current knowledge on molecular biology and regulation of prodigiosin, addressing the approaches employed for high level of prodigiosin production, potential applications, challenges and future perspective for harnessing industrial potential of prodigiosin in future.</p>","PeriodicalId":10752,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144674062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Holistic approach in the valorization of fruit and vegetable by-products generated through processing and postharvest storage.","authors":"William R Newson, Eva Johansson, Konstantinos Papoutsis","doi":"10.1080/07388551.2025.2529590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07388551.2025.2529590","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A large amount of fruit and vegetable waste is generated after harvest, during processing from the food industry and along the supply chain due to fresh produce quality deterioration. Fruit and vegetable waste may impact various sectors, such as the environment, economy, and society. In the last two decades, several studies have tried to mitigate the impact of fruit and vegetable waste by developing and optimizing extraction methods, targeting specific compounds without considering the value and further utilization of the remaining wet residue. Recently, biorefinery systems have been explored and developed for the holistic valorization of fruit and vegetable waste. The current research aims to summarize recent studies examining the valorization of different fruit and vegetable by-products using a holistic biorefinery approach. The various steps in a biorefinery process are presented and discussed. Biorefinery systems should be chosen and developed considering the presence or absence of fat-soluble compounds (i.e., oils) in fruit and vegetable waste. In the current study, different biorefinery systems are proposed based on fruit and vegetable waste composition. In conclusion, the phytochemicals and products produced during the biorefinery process can benefit various industries, such as: the food, pharmaceutical, cosmetics, transportation, chemical, heating, agricultural, and horticultural industries. Future multidisciplinary studies are encouraged to investigate the techno-economic and environmental impacts of the biorefinery processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":10752,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144674061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive insights into microbial-derived antimicrobial peptides (AMPs): classification, mechanisms, applications, and purification strategies.","authors":"Hairun Pei, Kaiyue Bao, Tian Han, Xueli Cao","doi":"10.1080/07388551.2025.2518308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07388551.2025.2518308","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) play a crucial defensive role in living organisms, capable of rapidly responding to and eliminating invading microorganisms. Their mechanisms of action are diverse, primarily involving the disruption of microbial cell membranes. The interest in AMPs stems from their potential to address antibiotic resistance and improve human health. AMPs exhibit: broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, low toxicity, thermal stability, and high specificity, making them promising candidates for new antimicrobial drugs with applications in medicine, food preservation, and agriculture. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the historical development and classification of AMPs. It details their: classification, mechanisms of action, application fields, and processes involved in the isolation, purification, and structural identification of microbial-derived AMPs. Additionally, it introduces a novel green extraction method using deep eutectic solvents (DESs) for peptide extraction.</p>","PeriodicalId":10752,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"1-28"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144658632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modern approaches to engineering human reporter cell lines using CRISPR within Safe Harbor loci and endogenous genes.","authors":"A G Bykonya, D Y Guschin, N A Barlev","doi":"10.1080/07388551.2025.2515834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07388551.2025.2515834","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Reporter systems are gaining increasing popularity in modern molecular biology as they provide reliable and clear readouts for various types of assays, both <i>in cellulo</i> and <i>in vivo</i>. The generation of reporter cell lines is instrumental for screening activators and inhibitors of signaling pathways to develop new therapeutic approaches. Reporter cell lines are those with stably integrated reporter constructs containing signaling genes (often luciferase or fluorescent proteins), enabling the visualization and tracking of protein expression. Although seemingly harmless and straightforward, untargeted genomic integration of reporter genes may severely affect the expression of neighboring genes, causing unwanted and unpredictable effects. Unlike the untargeted approach, the CRISPR/Cas9 system provides a more precise method of reporter integration, especially when reporters are integrated into Safe Harbor loci. This ensures minimal influence on neighboring genomic regions. This review discusses recent advancements in creating reporter lines using the CRISPR/Cas9 system and experimental approaches for identifying suitable Safe Harbor loci.</p>","PeriodicalId":10752,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144658633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptional control in microalgae: co-regulated fatty acid biosynthesis and carbon dioxide fixation.","authors":"Sadaf-Ilyas Kayani, Xinjuan Hu, Qian Shen, Bin Zou, Feifei Zhu, Zhen Yu, Muhammad Abdur Rehman Shah, Obaid Ur Rehman, Shuhao Huo","doi":"10.1080/07388551.2025.2503788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07388551.2025.2503788","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microalgae are desirable candidates for performing about half of the World's organic carbon fixation and its conversion to essential metabolites of human metabolism, including polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). However, the yields of microalgal FAs produced naturally are typically insufficient to cover the expenses of their commercial utilization. To overcome this problem, gene engineering techniques have been used to change the activity of endogenous enzymes. This review aims to find knowledge about the mechanism of regulation of fatty acid (FA) biosynthesis and CO₂ fixation in microalgae. Firstly, this study discusses molecular strategies toward accelerating FA biosynthesis with a main emphasis on a critical review of transcriptional engineering. Some transcription factors (TFs) are known to increase FA content and related gene expression. However, a research gap is revealed toward understanding their regulatory mechanism and finding their role in regulating CO₂ fixation. Secondly, a critical review of studies on CO₂ fixation regulated by Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCo) and RuBisCo activase (<i>RCA</i>) disclosed that no studies have yet been reported about their transcriptional control. Thirdly, prospects are given on the genetic basis of parallel transcriptional regulation of genes involved in FA biosynthesis and CO₂ fixation in microalgae. This study should potentially provide considerable knowledge on developing eco-friendly and sustainable microalgae genetic resources to maximize the yield of value-added FAs using TF engineering.</p>","PeriodicalId":10752,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"1-22"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144215178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harnessing <i>Bacillus</i> keratinases for sustainable keratin waste valorization: a current appraisal.","authors":"Pranshi Gupta, Isha Sharma, Naveen Kango","doi":"10.1080/07388551.2025.2495281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07388551.2025.2495281","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The global accumulation of keratin-rich waste, primarily from poultry and livestock industries, presents significant environmental and economic challenges. This review explores the potential of <i>Bacillus</i>-derived keratinases as a sustainable solution for keratin waste valorization and prospects of value-addition. Keratinases, the keratin hydrolyzing proteases produced predominantly by various <i>Bacillus</i> species, exhibit exceptional capability in degrading keratin, a highly stable and recalcitrant protein. This degradation process not only mitigates the environmental impact of keratin waste, but also converts it into valuable by-products with potential industrial applications. We systematically review various aspects, including: the production, properties and the mechanism of keratin degradation by <i>Bacillus</i> keratinases, highlighting their enzymatic properties, substrate specificity, and efficiency in valorizing keratin into peptides and amino acids. Biomolecular aspects and catalytic behavior relevant to the activity and stability of <i>Bacillus</i> keratinases are visited <i>via in silico</i> modeling. The economic and environmental benefits of utilizing keratinases for waste valorization are assessed, including reductions in waste disposal costs, greenhouse gas emissions, and the potential for creating new economic opportunities through the utilization of keratin-derived products. The recent advancements in keratin waste enzyme treatment and their utilization in developing circular bioeconomy are highlighted in the present article.</p>","PeriodicalId":10752,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"1-24"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144207881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}