{"title":"Recent advances in sustainable strategies for development of innovative nanobiocatalysts using immobilized β-glucosidase for industrial applications.","authors":"Shivangi Chamoli, Shimali, Ambika Chamoli, Kachan Karki, Ravendra Kumar, Vinod Kumar, Piyush Kumar","doi":"10.1080/07388551.2025.2517714","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>β-glucosidases are a well-characterized, diverse group of hydrolytic enzymes that act on various substrates. They are extensively used in different sectors, including: bioethanol, food, flavor, nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical industries. Immobilization improves the operational stability, reusability and catalytic efficiency of β-glucosidase compared to the free enzyme. The nanoscale dimensions, high surface area of the nanomaterial, and strong enzyme-nanosupport interactions prevent denaturation and leaching of β-glucosidase. This boosts enzyme stability, reduces the need for replenishment, and allows for easy recovery and reuse, minimizing enzyme waste and energy consumption in industrial biocatalysis. Nanosupport materials, including: inorganic materials, carbon, biopolymer-based, and magnetic nanoparticles, have gained popularity as immobilization matrices for generating either β-glucosidase immobilization or co-immobilization systems for various applications. The present review focuses on the current trends in immobilization strategies of β-glucosidase for improving operational stability and recyclability of the enzyme. Additionally, this review provides deeper insights into various surface modifications of magnetic and non-magnetic nanosupport matrices employed for immobilization and their impact on the catalytic efficiency of β-glucosidase. Moreover, the review thoroughly investigates the challenges encountered in immobilizing β-glucosidases on various nanosupport matrices. It concludes with insightful remarks that encourage future researchers to conduct studies dedicated to the development of a highly efficient, industrially adapted nanobiocatalytic system to achieve sustainable biotransformation aligning with United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDG): SDG 2 (Sustainable Food System), SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy), SDG 9 (Sustainable Industry), SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption), and SDG 13 (Climate Action: Reducing Carbon Emissions).</p>","PeriodicalId":10752,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7000,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Critical Reviews in Biotechnology","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07388551.2025.2517714","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
β-glucosidases are a well-characterized, diverse group of hydrolytic enzymes that act on various substrates. They are extensively used in different sectors, including: bioethanol, food, flavor, nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical industries. Immobilization improves the operational stability, reusability and catalytic efficiency of β-glucosidase compared to the free enzyme. The nanoscale dimensions, high surface area of the nanomaterial, and strong enzyme-nanosupport interactions prevent denaturation and leaching of β-glucosidase. This boosts enzyme stability, reduces the need for replenishment, and allows for easy recovery and reuse, minimizing enzyme waste and energy consumption in industrial biocatalysis. Nanosupport materials, including: inorganic materials, carbon, biopolymer-based, and magnetic nanoparticles, have gained popularity as immobilization matrices for generating either β-glucosidase immobilization or co-immobilization systems for various applications. The present review focuses on the current trends in immobilization strategies of β-glucosidase for improving operational stability and recyclability of the enzyme. Additionally, this review provides deeper insights into various surface modifications of magnetic and non-magnetic nanosupport matrices employed for immobilization and their impact on the catalytic efficiency of β-glucosidase. Moreover, the review thoroughly investigates the challenges encountered in immobilizing β-glucosidases on various nanosupport matrices. It concludes with insightful remarks that encourage future researchers to conduct studies dedicated to the development of a highly efficient, industrially adapted nanobiocatalytic system to achieve sustainable biotransformation aligning with United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDG): SDG 2 (Sustainable Food System), SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy), SDG 9 (Sustainable Industry), SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption), and SDG 13 (Climate Action: Reducing Carbon Emissions).
期刊介绍：
Biotechnological techniques, from fermentation to genetic manipulation, have become increasingly relevant to the food and beverage, fuel production, chemical and pharmaceutical, and waste management industries. Consequently, academic as well as industrial institutions need to keep abreast of the concepts, data, and methodologies evolved by continuing research. This journal provides a forum of critical evaluation of recent and current publications and, periodically, for state-of-the-art reports from various geographic areas around the world. Contributing authors are recognized experts in their fields, and each article is reviewed by an objective expert to ensure accuracy and objectivity of the presentation.
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