Critical reviews in analytical chemistry最新文献_第4页

Spectroscopic Analysis for Rapid Identification and Characterization of WHO Priority Pathogen-Acinetobacter baumannii. 世界卫生组织重点病原菌-鲍曼不动杆菌的快速鉴定与表征。

IF 7.7 2区化学

Critical reviews in analytical chemistry Pub Date : 2026-09-11 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2026.2726514

Abhishek Kandikatla, Karpagavalli Palpandi, Sonika Kar, Vidhya Das, Jaasmitha Popuri, Atul Kumar Jha, Rajapandiyan Panneerselvam, Sunil Chinnadurai, Jayaseelan Murugaiyan

{"title":"Spectroscopic Analysis for Rapid Identification and Characterization of WHO Priority Pathogen-Acinetobacter baumannii.","authors":"Abhishek Kandikatla, Karpagavalli Palpandi, Sonika Kar, Vidhya Das, Jaasmitha Popuri, Atul Kumar Jha, Rajapandiyan Panneerselvam, Sunil Chinnadurai, Jayaseelan Murugaiyan","doi":"10.1080/10408347.2026.2726514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10408347.2026.2726514","url":null,"abstract":"Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) has emerged as a major multidrug-resistant pathogen due to its ability to acquire antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and form robust biofilms. Unlike conventional methods, advanced spectroscopic techniques enable rapid detection and phenotyping of A. baumannii through distinct spectral signatures for accurate identification and characterization. Raman spectroscopy, including surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy can differentiate resistant phenotypes and precise species identification through biomolecular fingerprints, while fluorescence spectroscopy can detects viability and antimicrobial responses using intrinsic or dye-based signals. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy provides detailed metabolic profiling. Applied spectroscopic approaches such as hyperspectral imaging enables label-free detection and quantitative assessment of A. baumannii biofilms, while electrochemical impedance spectroscopy provides real-time monitoring of biofilm dynamics for rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST). This review highlights the potential role of spectroscopy in generating detailed biophysical and biochemical fingerprints of A. baumannii, supporting the transition from experimental studies to clinical diagnostics. Integration with machine learning (ML) further enhances high-throughput differentiation of colonizing and pathogenic A. baumannii.","PeriodicalId":10744,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in analytical chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148955172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Transformative Potential of Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) for the Analysis of Crime Scene Evidences: Application in Forensic Science. 激光诱导击穿光谱（LIBS）在犯罪现场证据分析中的变革潜力：在法医学中的应用。

IF 7.7 2区化学

Critical reviews in analytical chemistry Pub Date : 2026-09-02 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2026.2725101

Adwaith R, Saumya Shrivastava, Arvind Kumar Saxena

{"title":"Transformative Potential of Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) for the Analysis of Crime Scene Evidences: Application in Forensic Science.","authors":"Adwaith R, Saumya Shrivastava, Arvind Kumar Saxena","doi":"10.1080/10408347.2026.2725101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10408347.2026.2725101","url":null,"abstract":"The strengthening and growth of forensic science is vital for a Nation's law enforcement and criminal justice system. Forensic agencies serve the criminal justice system by analyzing crime scene evidence, such as DNA, ballistic, gunshot residue, fingerprints, and questioned documents. With the constraint of minimal quantity of evidence recovered from crime scenes, there is a growing need for nondestructive analysis techniques that can preserve evidence for further testing or legal proceedings. The advent of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) in the late twentieth century has revolutionized forensic science by providing a rapid, nondestructive, and highly accurate method for elemental analysis. LIBS provides an in-situ, faster, minimally-destructive method of elemental analysis. Integrating LIBS into the forensic science workflow can significantly improve evidence analysis's speed, accuracy, and efficiency. This article presents a comprehensive review of the transformative potential of LIBS in various forensic applications, emphasizing its advantages over traditional forensic methods. The article details the working principle of LIBS, which involves using a laser to create a plasma that emits light characteristic of the sample's elemental composition. This versatile technique is capable of analyzing various crime scene evidences and thus making it a fascinating tool for forensic scientists.","PeriodicalId":10744,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in analytical chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"1-31"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148873064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Advances in Metal-Organic Frameworks for Trace Element Detection in Water, Soil, and Food Systems. 水、土壤和食物系统中微量元素检测的金属-有机框架研究进展。

IF 7.7 2区化学

Critical reviews in analytical chemistry Pub Date : 2026-09-02 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2026.2708858

Banshidhar, B Saravanakumar, S Parveen, Kavita Shah, Laxman Singh

{"title":"Advances in Metal-Organic Frameworks for Trace Element Detection in Water, Soil, and Food Systems.","authors":"Banshidhar, B Saravanakumar, S Parveen, Kavita Shah, Laxman Singh","doi":"10.1080/10408347.2026.2708858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10408347.2026.2708858","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental pollution caused by hazardous trace metals, such as arsenic, mercury, uranium, and iron, presents significant risks to both human health and ecosystems, underscoring the need for advanced detection technologies. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), known for their high surface area, tunable porosity, and selective metal-binding properties, have emerged as promising candidates for detecting these hazardous metals in environmental matrices. This review explores the potential of MOFs in trace metal detection and their applications in monitoring pollutants in water, soil, and food. The review covers recent advancements in MOF-based sensors, focusing on their ability to provide rapid, sensitive, and selective detection methods, which are crucial for public health protection and industrial safety. Furthermore, it highlights the role of MOFs in addressing environmental concerns related to heavy metal contamination. The manuscript also examines key challenges faced by MOF-based sensing technologies, including issues of stability, scalability, and cost-efficiency, and proposes future research directions to overcome these barriers. By exploring the current state of research and identifying emerging opportunities, this review emphasizes the transformative potential of MOFs in environmental monitoring and hazardous material management. MOF-based technologies offer sustainable solutions for the detection and remediation of toxic contaminants, addressing the global challenges posed by heavy metal pollution in environmental contexts.","PeriodicalId":10744,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in analytical chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"1-29"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148873058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Electrochemical Lateral Flow Assays: Signal-Generation Mechanisms, Material Architectures, and Translational Pathways for Quantitative Point-of-Care Diagnostics. 电化学横向流动分析：信号产生机制，材料结构，以及定量护理点诊断的转化途径。

IF 7.7 2区化学

Critical reviews in analytical chemistry Pub Date : 2026-08-27 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2026.2719729

Thangapandi Kalyani

{"title":"Electrochemical Lateral Flow Assays: Signal-Generation Mechanisms, Material Architectures, and Translational Pathways for Quantitative Point-of-Care Diagnostics.","authors":"Thangapandi Kalyani","doi":"10.1080/10408347.2026.2719729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10408347.2026.2719729","url":null,"abstract":"Lateral flow assays (LFAs) are widely used point-of-care diagnostic platforms because they are simple, rapid, low-cost, and easy to operate. The integration of electrochemical transduction into lateral flow platforms enables biorecognition events to be converted into measurable electrical signals. This approach supports portable, digitally readable, and user-friendly diagnostic testing. This review examines electrochemical lateral flow assays (eLFAs) through a design-oriented framework that connects signal-generation mechanisms, electrode materials, device architecture, and translational feasibility. It first discusses why traditional LFAs are constrained by optical readout and then summarizes the major electrochemical modes used in eLFAs, including amperometric, voltammetric, and impedimetric approaches. The principal signal-transduction strategies are then analyzed, including enzyme-mediated amplification, redox-active probes, metallic nanoparticle dissolution, direct electroactive labels, and label-free interfacial sensing. Particular emphasis is placed on how these mechanisms interact with material choice and physical integration strategy, including external electrodes, ex situ measurement formats, and fully integrated on-strip transducers. By comparing these approaches, this review highlights the tradeoffs between sensitivity, simplicity, manufacturability, and user operation. Finally, the major translational barriers that continue to limit real-world implementation are discussed, including reproducibility, biofouling, flow control, user-friendliness, regulatory validation, large-scale manufacturing, and sustainability.","PeriodicalId":10744,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in analytical chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"1-45"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148825734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

From Femtomolar Detection to Court-Ready Evidence: Nanomaterial-Enhanced Forensic Analytics, Validation Challenges, and the Road to 2030. 从飞摩尔检测到法庭证据：纳米材料增强的法医分析、验证挑战和通往2030年的道路。

IF 7.7 2区化学

Critical reviews in analytical chemistry Pub Date : 2026-08-25 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2026.2722150

Picheswara Rao Polu

{"title":"From Femtomolar Detection to Court-Ready Evidence: Nanomaterial-Enhanced Forensic Analytics, Validation Challenges, and the Road to 2030.","authors":"Picheswara Rao Polu","doi":"10.1080/10408347.2026.2722150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10408347.2026.2722150","url":null,"abstract":"Nanomaterial-enhanced analytical methods have emerged as transformative platforms in forensic science, addressing critical sensitivity, selectivity, and operational limitations of conventional techniques across trace evidence, toxicology, biological fluid analysis, and nucleic acid profiling. Gold nanoparticles, quantum dots, carbon-based nanomaterials, and magnetic nanoparticles have collectively enabled detection capabilities at femtomolar to attomolar concentrations, multiplexed immunoassay formats, magnetically assisted sample preparation from degraded biological matrices, and enhanced PCR amplification from inhibitor-rich forensic specimens. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering, fluorescence-based transduction, and electrochemical sensing at nanocomposite electrode surfaces have each demonstrated performance profiles that substantially exceed conventional forensic analytical benchmarks. Despite these advances, the translation of nanomaterial platforms into accredited forensic casework remains constrained by nanoparticle aggregation instability, batch-to-batch synthesis variability, matrix-dependent signal suppression, and the absence of universally adopted validation frameworks governing limit of detection determination, measurement uncertainty quantification, and proficiency testing for nanomaterial-specific analytical modalities. Emerging innovations including portable handheld SERS devices, blockchain-integrated chain-of-custody architectures, molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticle probes, and AI-augmented chemometric classification frameworks are collectively advancing the field toward real-time, field-deployable forensic analysis. Sustained progress requires parallel investment in international standardization, ethical governance of ultra-sensitive biological surveillance capabilities, and equitable access infrastructure ensuring that nanomaterial-enabled forensic precision serves justice systems globally.","PeriodicalId":10744,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in analytical chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"1-28"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148812080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Advancements in Carbon Dot Nanozymes for Dual and Multi-Mode Biosensing of Biological and Chemical Contaminants. 用于生物和化学污染物双模式和多模式生物传感的碳点纳米酶研究进展。

IF 7.7 2区化学

Critical reviews in analytical chemistry Pub Date : 2026-08-25 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2026.2716676

Chou-Yi Hsu, Paul Rodrigues, Gulnora Shakhmurova, Nodira Rabbimova, Shreedhar M Rao, Rekha M M, Navin Kumar Tailor, Sandeep Kumar Shukla, Safa Husien, Aseel Smerat

{"title":"Advancements in Carbon Dot Nanozymes for Dual and Multi-Mode Biosensing of Biological and Chemical Contaminants.","authors":"Chou-Yi Hsu, Paul Rodrigues, Gulnora Shakhmurova, Nodira Rabbimova, Shreedhar M Rao, Rekha M M, Navin Kumar Tailor, Sandeep Kumar Shukla, Safa Husien, Aseel Smerat","doi":"10.1080/10408347.2026.2716676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10408347.2026.2716676","url":null,"abstract":"With the increasing frequency and growing complexity of food and environmental contaminants, there is a clear need for advanced sensing platforms that offer high sensitivity, rapid response times, and broad analytical applicability. Carbon dots (CDs), widely recognized as a novel class of nanozyme materials, have attracted significant interest due to their tunable physical and chemical properties, strong catalytic performance, advantageous optical characteristics, and excellent overall stability. Due to their multifunctional advantages, CD nanozymes are considered highly promising for developing next-generation multi-mode sensing systems. Moreover, dual- and multi-mode sensing approaches have garnered increasing interest due to their ability to provide complementary analytical data and enhance the reliability of measurements based on a single signal. Herein, this review comprehensively discusses recent progress in CD nanozyme-enabled multi-mode systems designed to detect biological and chemical contaminants. It begins by explaining the catalytic mechanisms and structure-activity relationships that govern the performance of CD nanozymes. Subsequently, it organizes recent advances in target-specific sensing applications, focusing on the detection of food pollutants. Special attention is given to multimode sensing approaches that combine colorimetric, fluorometric, electrochemical, or other signal-conversion methods to enhance sensitivity, selectivity, and analytical reliability. Finally, current limitations and future directions are discussed.","PeriodicalId":10744,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in analytical chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"1-22"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148817618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Review on Analytical Insights into Impurity Profiling of Selected Anticancer Agents: Tinibs and Taxanes. 抗癌药物Tinibs和Taxanes的杂质谱分析综述

IF 7.7 2区化学

Critical reviews in analytical chemistry Pub Date : 2026-08-23 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2026.2718350

Aggarapu Susmitha, Galla Rajitha, Gireesh Kumar Eri, Kavya Orupalli, Charishma Naga Sai Batta, Bommireddy Mounika

{"title":"A Review on Analytical Insights into Impurity Profiling of Selected Anticancer Agents: Tinibs and Taxanes.","authors":"Aggarapu Susmitha, Galla Rajitha, Gireesh Kumar Eri, Kavya Orupalli, Charishma Naga Sai Batta, Bommireddy Mounika","doi":"10.1080/10408347.2026.2718350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10408347.2026.2718350","url":null,"abstract":"Impurity profiling is a critical quality and safety requirement for structurally complex anticancer agents. This review critically analyses impurity-profiling literature (1997-2025) for three tinibs, imatinib mesylate (IMM), dasatinib (DST), and nilotinib, and three taxanes, paclitaxel (PTX), docetaxel (DTX), and cabazitaxel (CTX), encompassing 54 analytical studies. Across the compiled dataset, reversed-phase HPLC accounted for 63.6% of methods, UPLC/ ultra-high-performance LC (UHPLC) for 16.4%, LC-MS/High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS) for 9.1%, and GC-MS for 5.5%; high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC)-MS, headspace GC, and SFC appeared in isolated reports. HPLC/UPLC methods demonstrated LODs of 0.005-2 µg mL-1, whereas LC-MS/MS achieved LODs as low as 0.003-0.005 ng mL-1 for genotoxic impurities in tinibs. GC-based methods were especially valuable for volatile impurities and residual sulfonates, with detection in the low-ppb to sub-µg mL-1 range. Tinib impurity profiles are dominated by process-related, oxidative, nitrosamine, and genotoxic species, while taxane profiles are characterized by epimerization products, deacetylated derivatives, side-chain cleavage products, and precursor-related impurities. Regulatory implications under ICH Q3A(R2), Q3B(R2), M7(R2), S9, and Q3C are discussed, including dose-normalised threshold of toxicological concern (TTC) calculations. An impurity-type versus analytical-technique matrix is proposed to guide method selection. Critical analytical gaps are identified, and future directions encompassing green analytical chemistry (GAC), process analytical technology (PAT), and AI-assisted impurity prediction are outlined.","PeriodicalId":10744,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in analytical chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"1-30"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148808257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Review of the Implementation of the USEPA Quality-Corrective Direction Performance Approach into Molecular Isotope-Dilution Mass Spectrometry Assays. USEPA质量校正方向性能方法在分子同位素稀释质谱分析中的应用综述。

IF 7.7 2区化学

Critical reviews in analytical chemistry Pub Date : 2026-08-19 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2026.2713115

Yves Tondeur

{"title":"A Review of the Implementation of the USEPA Quality-Corrective Direction Performance Approach into Molecular Isotope-Dilution Mass Spectrometry Assays.","authors":"Yves Tondeur","doi":"10.1080/10408347.2026.2713115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10408347.2026.2713115","url":null,"abstract":"As we approach the 30th anniversary of the performance approach, current views on assessing analytical methodologies for low-level toxic organic substances are obsolete. Relying on deterministic, \"one-size-fits-all\" compliance models and outdated metrics-like standard method detection or reporting limits-fails to account for complex sample matrices, suppresses innovation, prevents fit-for-purpose sampling and analysis plans, and weakens the regulatory Data Quality Objectives (DQO) process. To bridge this gap, a new framework has been developed to modernize isotope-dilution mass spectrometry (ID-MS) practices. To preserve scientific integrity, we recommend shifting from rigid procedural adherence to objective, data-driven quality outcomes, granting laboratories \"accountable flexibility\" to innovate while meeting fit-for-purpose quality targets. Current regulatory methods lack the structural capabilities to reduce bias, improve precision, and provide real-world uncertainty estimates. This review highlights systemic bottlenecks within the Clean Water Act method approval system that delay technology adoption, create confusion, and undermine the cost-effective generation of accurate data. Conversely, focusing on genuine quality outcomes vastly improves data reliability. This article serves as a call to action for the scientific and regulatory communities to question long-standing traditions. Achieving truly fit-for-purpose data quality requires a fundamental shift in both mindset and methodology.","PeriodicalId":10744,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in analytical chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148789333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Review of the Implementation of the USEPA Quality-Corrective Direction Performance Approach into Molecular Isotope-Dilution Mass Spectrometry Assays. USEPA质量校正方向性能方法在分子同位素稀释质谱分析中的应用综述。

IF 7.7 2区化学

Critical reviews in analytical chemistry Pub Date : 2026-08-19 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2026.2714239

Yves Tondeur

引用次数: 0

Nanomaterial-Based Electrochemical and Optical Biosensors for Sedative Drug Detection: Mechanistic Insights and Point-of-Care Applications. 基于纳米材料的电化学和光学生物传感器用于镇静药物检测：机械洞察和护理点应用。

IF 7.7 2区化学

Critical reviews in analytical chemistry Pub Date : 2026-08-17 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2026.2715149

Hritik Kumar, Tileshwar Sahare, Abhijeet Joshi

{"title":"Nanomaterial-Based Electrochemical and Optical Biosensors for Sedative Drug Detection: Mechanistic Insights and Point-of-Care Applications.","authors":"Hritik Kumar, Tileshwar Sahare, Abhijeet Joshi","doi":"10.1080/10408347.2026.2715149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10408347.2026.2715149","url":null,"abstract":"Therapeutic sedatives, including benzodiazepines, barbiturates, and Z-drugs, are widely prescribed for anxiety, insomnia, and related disorders but are associated with dependence, overdose, and abuse, creating a need for rapid and selective monitoring. Conventional analytical techniques provide high accuracy but remain limited by cost, infrastructure requirements, and poor portability. Recent advances in nanomaterial-based electrochemical and optical biosensors have enabled sensitive and point-of-care detection of sedatives in complex biological and environmental matrices. This review critically evaluates electrochemical, fluorescence, colorimetric, and SERS-based sensing platforms, with emphasis on nanomaterial-analyte interactions, sensing mechanisms, and structure-function relationships governing analytical performance. Platform-specific advantages, limitations, multiplexing capability, and challenges associated with real-sample analysis and point-of-care translation are discussed, together with emerging directions in AI-assisted, smartphone-integrated, and wearable biosensing.","PeriodicalId":10744,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in analytical chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"1-43"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148757696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0