Critical reviews in analytical chemistry最新文献

{"title":"Liquid Chromatography Coupled to High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry for High-Throughput Pesticide Residue Detection: Methodological Advances and Insights for Herbal Medicine Analysis.","authors":"Huiqin Pan, Guyu Zhao, Yannan Tan, Shui Miao, Xiuhong Mao, Shen Ji, Heng Zhou, Qing Hu","doi":"10.1080/10408347.2025.2511140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10408347.2025.2511140","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The safety evaluation of herbal medicines faces a critical challenge due to exogenous pesticide residues, where traditional detection methods struggle to address the dual complexity of highly variable phytochemical matrices and trace-level multi-residue contaminants. Recent regulatory shifts emphasizing large-scale detection have positioned liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) as a transformative solution. This review systematically examines cutting-edge LC-HRMS workflows tailored for complex herbal matrices, with three pivotal technical dimensions: (1) Matrix-specific optimization spanning from QuEChERS-based sample preparation to chromatographic separation protocols that reduce matrix interferences; (2) Intelligent data acquisition strategies balancing selectivity and coverage through adaptive MS/MS triggering and narrow-window fragmentation; (3) Integrated analytical frameworks combining targeted screening with expanding pesticide databases and non-targeted approaches leveraging retrospective HRMS data mining. While LC-HRMS has demonstrated exceptional performance in food safety domains, its application in herbal medicine analysis remains constrained by insufficient method harmonization and underutilized data potential. We critically evaluate how emerging techniques, including comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography, ion mobility mass spectrometry, structure-informed parameter prediction, suspect screening based on biotransformation, and metabolomics-driven non-targeted screening, could overcome current limitations in compound identification confidence and pesticide coverage. By bridging technological advancements with the challenges faced in practical residue analysis of herbal medicines, this review provides actionable guidelines to empower researchers in developing robust, future-proof analytical schemes that meet evolving regulatory standards and public health expectations.</p>","PeriodicalId":10744,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in analytical chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144172892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying Nitrosoureas: Comprehensive Insights into Analytical Techniques Transforming Cancer Research.","authors":"Hemn A H Barzani, Hoshyar Saadi Ali, Rebaz Anwar Omer, Seerwan Hamadameen Sulaiman, Musher Ismael Salih, Aryan Fathulla Qader","doi":"10.1080/10408347.2025.2511141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10408347.2025.2511141","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nitrosoureas (NUs) are a crucial class of antineoplastic agents widely used in chemotherapy to treat various malignancies, including brain tumors, lymphomas, and metastatic cancers. Over the past decade, the clinical application of NU-based chemotherapeutic drugs has expanded significantly, leading to their administration in a larger cohort of cancer patients. Despite their therapeutic efficacy, NUs exhibit high cytotoxicity, often resulting in severe adverse effects, including myelosuppression, nephrotoxicity, and pulmonary fibrosis. Given these challenges, developing reliable, sensitive, and precise analytical techniques is essential for accurately quantifying and monitoring these drugs in biological systems. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the analytical methodologies employed over the past forty years for the detection and quantification of five widely used nitrosourea-based anticancer drugs-carmustine (BCNU), lomustine (CCNU), semustine (methyl-CCNU), nimustine (NMT), and fotemustine (FM)-along with their metabolites. The discussion encompasses spectroscopic, chromatographic (liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, and high-performance liquid chromatography), and electroanalytical techniques utilized for the analysis of these compounds in various matrices, including biological fluids (plasma, urine, and tissue samples), pharmaceutical formulations, and environmental samples. Furthermore, advancements in hybrid analytical techniques and their potential in enhancing the selectivity and sensitivity of NU detection are explored. This review aims to provide insights into the evolution of analytical approaches for nitrosourea-based drugs, highlighting their applications in pharmacokinetics, therapeutic drug monitoring, and environmental surveillance.</p>","PeriodicalId":10744,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in analytical chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"1-22"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144172823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Analytical Chemistry in Gunshot Residue: Innovations and Obstacles in Organic and Inorganic Analysis.","authors":"Paulo Tonin, Sidnei Moura","doi":"10.1080/10408347.2025.2512175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10408347.2025.2512175","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review highlighted an overview of the techniques for analyzing gunshot residues (GSR) of both inorganic and organic compounds, with emphasis on the evolution of forensic firearms analysis over the crucial two decades. The scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDS) remains the standard for detecting inorganic gunshot residues (IGSR), which with advancements in ammunition necessitate the continuous adaptation of forensic laboratories. Meanwhile, for organic gunshot residues (OGSR), there are emerging analytical methods, particularly mass spectrometry and chromatography techniques, useful mainly for the identification of residues in ammunition that do not have (or with reduced content) of the metals traditionally identified by IGSR. Furthermore, this review discusses the limitations of current techniques, including extensive sample preparation and the destructive nature of certain analyses. The integration of different methods is crucial for providing a broader and more detailed characterization of GSR, reflecting the increasing complexity of contemporary forensic cases. Here we detail the results of approximately 80 articles published for the identification of IGSR and OGSR published during the past five decades, with comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of the techniques, being this review is a guide for future studies in the area, as well as useful to forensics experts.</p>","PeriodicalId":10744,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in analytical chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144156744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analytical Strategies for Nucleosides and Nucleotides in Food: Advances in Sample Preparation and Separation Technologies with Emerging Challenges.","authors":"ShanQuan Wang, Fanghong Sun, Kehong Liang, Qian Li","doi":"10.1080/10408347.2025.2509766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10408347.2025.2509766","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nucleosides and nucleotides are intracellular compounds that are precursors of nucleic acids and which take part in various regulatory and metabolic functions. Sensitive and efficient methods for the analysis and determination of nucleotides and nucleosides in different samples have received increasing attention and are also a hot research topic in food analysis. The determination of nucleotide content is challenging due to the presence of a large number of endogenous interferences in complex matrices and exogenous interferences that may be introduced during manipulation, as well as the high polarity of the phosphate group molecules in nucleotides. This paper presents a review of pretreatment and analytical methods for nucleotides in different food samples. Different solid-phase extraction methods, solid-phase extraction based on novel materials, QuEChERS and other advanced pretreatment methods are discussed, and the characteristics and development of liquid chromatography, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and capillary electrophoresis are reviewed. In addition, the future prospects in the analysis of these compounds in food matrices have also been included.</p>","PeriodicalId":10744,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in analytical chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144149660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sialic Acids: Structural Diversity, Biological Roles, and Advances in Analytical Techniques.","authors":"Milad Faraji, Tina Yaghoobpour, Maedeh Faraji, Saeed Nazifi","doi":"10.1080/10408347.2025.2508868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10408347.2025.2508868","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sialic acids are a family of acidic monosaccharides predominantly found on the terminal positions of glycoproteins and glycolipids, where they play vital roles in cellular interactions, immune responses, and disease pathogenesis. Their structural diversity, including variations in core structures and linkages, contributes to their functional versatility in biological systems. In addition to mediating host-pathogen interactions, sialic acids influence key processes such as neural development, cancer progression, and immune evasion. The advent of advanced analytical techniques, such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), mass spectrometry (MS), and biosensor-based methods, has revolutionized the detection and characterization of sialic acids, providing enhanced sensitivity, specificity, and structural insights. Despite these advancements, challenges remain, including high costs, technical complexity, and the need for specialized expertise. This review explores the structural diversity and biological significance of sialic acids, emphasizing their role in health and disease. It also provides a comprehensive overview of current analytical approaches, highlighting their strengths and limitations. By addressing existing challenges and identifying future research opportunities, this review aims to underscore the importance of sialic acids in both basic and applied sciences, paving the way for novel diagnostic and therapeutic applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":10744,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in analytical chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144141692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanistic Overview on Fluorimetric Sensors for Detection and Bioimaging of Fe(II & III).","authors":"Ankita Sharma, Ahmad Hosseini-Bandegharaei, Kalyan Sundar Ghosh","doi":"10.1080/10408347.2025.2505075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10408347.2025.2505075","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Imbalance in iron concentration is associated with several physiological disorders. Considering that, development of highly efficient and convenient tools for quantitative detection of iron is of immense worth in terms of environmental and public health management. In this context, fluorescence chemosensing of Fe³⁺ and Fe²⁺ evolved as simple, rapid and economic technology. The present review aims to cover the recent advances (2019-2024) in fluorescence-based sensing of iron. Small molecule sensors of Fe³⁺ and Fe²⁺ have been classified into some major categories based on their sensing mechanism. These include photo-induced electron transfer, intramolecular charge transfer, excited-state intramolecular proton transfer, ligand to metal and metal to ligand charge transfer, aggregation-induced emission etc. The main focus of the review has been placed on the design, selectivity, sensitivity and in some cases bioimaging applications of the molecular probes of iron. The challenges and prospects of those probes have been evaluated critically, which will provide new insights and guidance for further design and development of fluorescence probes for iron.</p>","PeriodicalId":10744,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in analytical chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"1-28"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144141689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Studies of GAC Metric Tools AGREE, Analytical Eco-Scale, BAGI and WAC RGB Model to Determine Atorvastatin in Pharmaceuticals.","authors":"Shaikh Manirul Haque","doi":"10.1080/10408347.2025.2507759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10408347.2025.2507759","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Atorvastatin has promising effects on hyperlipidemia disease and illness. Therefore, following the twelve green analytical chemistry principles, acquiring productive analytical methodologies to determine the drugs is essential. Several analytical methods, such as ultraviolet spectrophotometry, high-performance liquid chromatography, ultra-pressure liquid chromatography, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrophotometry, have been innovative to regulate atorvastatin in bulk, pharmaceutical formulations, and biological fluids. The greenness of the method was determined by applying the assessment tools analytical eco-score, AGREE, BAGI and whiteness assessment with the RGB model. The analytical eco score was 79-91, and the AGREE score was 0.54-0.86, which helped to calculate the WAC score between 77.6 and 91. The BAGI pictogram index for case studies was 75-82.5, suggesting good practical applicability of the reported methods. These outcomes also represent a comparison between the reported approaches for identifying similar analytes based on the practical pertinency of the procedure. The results demonstrate that applying multiple assessment tools to evaluate the analytical method's greenness and whiteness is highly effective in acquiring synergetic results and enhancing the understanding of the GAC and WAC principles. These studies could help researchers and academicians to develop new environment-friendly methods to quantify atorvastatin in pharmaceuticals and biological fluids.</p>","PeriodicalId":10744,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in analytical chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144136029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancements in Modified Electrodes with Electrochemical Sensors for Detecting Acetaminophen and Caffeine: An Update.","authors":"Meenakshi Sriramulu, Jancy Sophia Stephen Saviour, Subash Balakrishnan, Pandian Kannaiyan, Gopinath Subash C B","doi":"10.1080/10408347.2025.2496506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10408347.2025.2496506","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acetaminophen and caffeine are analgesic or psychoactive drugs in human life that plays a major role in food and medicinal chemistry. Caffeine increases the efficacy of acetaminophen by improving its absorption, thereby prolonging analgesic action. Caffeine might exacerbate symptoms of anxiety if being prone to them. Taking these medications for a headache or migraine may cause problems for human life. Developing a sensitive, selective, easy, quick, and economical electroanalytical approach for the simultaneous detection of acetaminophen and caffeine has been a major area of research since they typically coexist in biological fluids and oxidize at overlapping potentials. Voltammetry has become one of the most commonly used and an important method amongst the other methods due to its high sensitivity and reliability. Moreover, carbon materials, metal/metal oxides/nanoparticles, and polymer-based materials have enhanced researchers' attention for the strategy and growth of electrochemical sensors for acetaminophen and caffeine. This compilation is a comprehensive effort to address the growing need for materials and their simultaneous detection of acetaminophen and caffeine. In this study, the validation parameters (electrode surface area, catalytic activity, electron transfer kinetics, potential window, sensitivity, and selectivity) were evaluated and provided a strong foundation for evaluating the effectiveness of materials and techniques. This review highlights the most widely used voltammetric methods for simultaneous electrochemical determination of acetaminophen and caffeine, and it explains the interference effect of acetaminophen and caffeine along with similar structural components. Finally, the topic has been concluded with existing challenges and prospects.</p>","PeriodicalId":10744,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in analytical chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"1-27"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144110017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Sample Preparation Techniques and Their Application in the Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Medicinal Plants.","authors":"Ahmet Cetinkaya, Seyda Yayla, M Mesud Hurkul, Sibel A Ozkan","doi":"10.1080/10408347.2025.2503437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10408347.2025.2503437","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>People have used plants for centuries to prevent and treat illness and to maintain good health. Different parts of the plant (root, seed, fruit, flower) are used directly, and extracts are prepared by various methods. Various applications and techniques have been developed to extract bioactive compounds from plants. Extraction aims to obtain chemical compounds from plant tissues most effectively and efficiently. The effectiveness of different extraction techniques (maceration, percolation, decoction, Soxhlet extraction, hydrodistillation, microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE), pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE), pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), ionic liquids extraction (ILs), deep eutectic solvents extraction (DESs), bio-based solvents extraction (BBS), and natural deep eutectic solvents extraction (NADES)), the chemical profile of the resulting bioactive compounds, and their effects on biological activities have been extensively studied. Their effectiveness in extracting various bioactive compounds (flavonoids, phenolic acids, alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins, and essential oils) has been evaluated. This review provides a detailed description of the applications of various traditional extraction methods, modern extraction methods, and green extraction methods in medicinal plants for better understanding. It provides an overview of their potential to help determine their appropriateness and financial feasibility. It also compares the effectiveness, advantages, and disadvantages of different approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":10744,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in analytical chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"1-36"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144093113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent Advances in Electrochemical Affinity Biosensors: Detection of Biological Toxin Agents.","authors":"Doga Ekin Orhan, Manolya Mujgan Yildiz, Eda Nur Aybi, Burcu Dogan Topal","doi":"10.1080/10408347.2025.2501709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10408347.2025.2501709","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biological toxins are metabolic products produced by living organisms. They exert deleterious effects on another organism through food, drinking water, inhalation, injection, ingestion, and absorption through the skin or mucous membranes. Health effects such as respiratory distress, muscle weakness, seizures, paralysis, and death depend on the amount and route of exposure to toxins. They act quickly and are fatal even in low doses, and can be considered bioterror agents due to their high potency, the reasonably long latency period before symptoms are exhibited, the difficulty in detecting or diagnosing their presence and identity, and their relative ease in production and stability in the environment. The development of selective and sensitive electrochemical biosensors has been of main importance for the quantification of biological toxins in low amounts in biological samples. This review examined the detection of various biological toxin agents using aptasensors and immunosensors from 2019 to 2025. This study provided information on the effect of the mechanism of biological toxins on another organism, modification of various electrochemical affinity biosensors, and smartphone-based and portable electrochemical biosensors used in the analysis of biological toxins.</p>","PeriodicalId":10744,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in analytical chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144101554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}