Critical reviews in analytical chemistry最新文献

{"title":"In Vitro Methods for Assessing Polyphenol-Based Inhibition of the Diabetes Key Target α-Glucosidase: A Critical Analysis of Methodological Variability.","authors":"Beatriz Vicente, Inês Santos, M Luísa Corvo, Eduarda Fernandes, Marisa Freitas","doi":"10.1080/10408347.2026.2727183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10408347.2026.2727183","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>α-Glucosidase is a key therapeutic target in the management of type 2 diabetes, as its inhibition delays glucose absorption into the bloodstream and thus attenuates postprandial hyperglycemia. Although several clinically approved antidiabetic agents function as α-glucosidase inhibitors, their clinical use is often constrained by gastrointestinal adverse effects. These side effects have driven efforts to identify novel α-glucosidase inhibitors with improved therapeutic index. Nonetheless, this increasing interest in the search for new compounds has been hampered by methodological difficulties associated with α-glucosidase inhibitor screening assays. Despite the considerable attention given to natural sources, especially polyphenolic compounds, the substantial differences in experimental setups across studies can compromise the reproducibility and comparability of results reported for the same molecules. This review aims to identify and summarize the methodologies and experimental conditions used to evaluate the inhibitory activity of polyphenols against α-glucosidase. A comprehensive analysis of 102 studies was conducted, focusing on key experimental parameters, including enzyme source and substrate type with their respective concentrations, temperature, pH, buffer, and incubation time employed in the assays. By pinpointing methodological inconsistencies and drawing attention to recurring best practices, this work underscores the importance of increased standardization to ensure reliable cross-study comparisons and to advance the rational development of polyphenol-based α-glucosidase inhibitors.</p>","PeriodicalId":10744,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in analytical chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"1-30"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149148098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Potentiometric Titration to Electrometric Conductivity: A Critical Review and Metrological Comparison of ASTM D6470 and ASTM D3230 toward Method Replacement in Salt in Crude Analysis.","authors":"Francisco Medina, Livio Garcia da Costa, Gabriela Knippelberg Bifano Manea, Juliana Belincanta, Elcio Cruz de Oliveira","doi":"10.1080/10408347.2026.2741612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10408347.2026.2741612","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chloride-salt determination in crude oil is essential to prevent corrosion, emulsions, and fouling. ASTM D6470, based on potentiometric titration, requires approximately 90 min and large solvent volumes, limiting responsiveness and increasing health, safety, and environmental concerns. ASTM D3230, based on electrometric conductivity, provides a turnaround in approximately 20 min with less handling. However, evidence of metrological comparability for Brazilian crudes remains limited. This study evaluated 49 pre- and post-salt Brazilian crude oils spanning 23.9-32.4 °API and 0.02-0.30% BSW. Standard-addition, mineral-oil dilution, and self-dilution tests indicated negligible matrix interference after 1:10 dilution and ±3 °C temperature control. For ASTM D3230, detection and quantification limits were 1.2 and 3.9 mg kg⁻¹ NaCl, respectively; repeatability was ≤5% and intermediate precision ≤16% across 25-225 mg kg⁻¹. A paired t-test identified significant bias relative to ASTM D6470. Regression-based correction removed this bias, yielding statistically comparable results within the validated range. The correction enables traceable conversion while retaining ASTM D6470 as the reference procedure for final confirmatory or compliance-related decisions. ASTM D3230 is therefore a practical alternative for the evaluated crude oils when the correction is applied. Generalization beyond the investigated concentration, dilution, temperature, °API, and BSW ranges requires independent and interlaboratory validation.</p>","PeriodicalId":10744,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in analytical chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149105326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spectroscopic Transduction in Miniaturized Lab-on-a-Chip Devices: Functional Nanomaterials and Edge AI Integration for Real-Time <i>in Situ</i> Environmental Monitoring of Heavy Metals, Pesticides, and Marine Pollutants.","authors":"Gerald Shija","doi":"10.1080/10408347.2026.2741614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10408347.2026.2741614","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The rising demand for real-time, <i>in situ</i> monitoring of heavy metals, pesticides, marine pollutants, and ocean acidification proxies has exposed the limitations of conventional laboratory-based spectroscopic methods, which suffer from slow turnaround, high costs, and poor adaptability to remote environments. This critical review surveys advances from 2023-2026 in microfluidic lab-on-a-chip (LOC) platforms that integrate functional nanomaterials with spectroscopic transduction (primarily fluorescence, absorbance, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), surface plasmon resonance (SPR), and quantum dot-based optical detection) and edge-deployable AI. Emphasis is placed on how nanomaterials enhance spectroscopic signals within microfluidic channels while addressing laminar flow control, passive mixing, antifouling, and stability in high-salinity and high-pressure marine matrices. The convergence with lightweight, hardware-aware AI/ML for on-chip denoising, drift compensation, multiplexing, and anomaly detection is examined under strict power and memory constraints. Ocean acidification monitoring requiring high-precision spectrophotometric pH and total alkalinity (TA) measurements serves as a rigorous benchmark for Arctic, open-ocean, and buoy deployments. Performance metrics, matrix interferences, autonomy limitations, and scalability barriers of these spectroscopic LOC systems are critically evaluated, with a forward-looking roadmap toward autonomous, IoT-enabled, and biodegradable spectroscopic microfluidic platforms for sustainable environmental monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":10744,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in analytical chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"1-23"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149105335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analytical Strategies for Trace-Level Determination of Hormones in Infant Milk Formula: Advances, Challenges, and Future Perspectives.","authors":"Ahmed S El-Tahlawy, Waleed Alahmad","doi":"10.1080/10408347.2026.2736080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10408347.2026.2736080","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Infant milk formula (IMF) is designed to support infants during a highly sensitive stage of development, yet its trace-level bioactive composition remains less explored than its nutritional profile. Among these minor constituents, hormones are of particular interest because they link infant nutrition with endocrine regulation, food safety, and analytical chemistry. Hormones in IMF may originate naturally from milk-derived ingredients, result from veterinary practices, or occur as hormone-like endocrine-active residues. However, their determination is challenging due to their low concentrations and the complexity of the formula matrix, which can interfere with extraction, clean-up, separation, and detection. This review critically summarizes recent advances in analytical strategies for trace-level hormone determination in IMF, focusing on sample preparation, chromatographic and mass spectrometric techniques, method validation, analytical challenges, and future perspectives. It also critically evaluates the reported analytical strategies from a White Analytical Chemistry perspective, emphasizing the balance between analytical performance, environmental sustainability, robustness, cost-effectiveness, and routine applicability. Despite progress in extraction, purification, and sensitive detection approaches, gaps remain in occurrence data, method harmonization, validation consistency, and exposure assessment. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review dedicated specifically to hormones analysis in IMF.</p>","PeriodicalId":10744,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in analytical chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"1-21"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149105394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research Trends Analysis of Certified Reference Materials for Application in Geological Samples from 1975 to 2025.","authors":"Andile Mkhohlakali, Mothwethwi Priscilla Toona, Mokgehle Refiloe Letsoalo, Mothepane Happy Mabowa, Andile Hlahla, Dorcas Hanyane, James Tshilongo","doi":"10.1080/10408347.2026.2734853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10408347.2026.2734853","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Certified reference materials (CRMs) are increasingly vital across research fields in analytical geochemistry and geological samples. Their use with geological samples is essential to ensure the accuracy and reliability of analytical measurement procedures. In this study, the Scopus database was used for a literature review with the search term \"certified reference material for application in geological applications, from 1975 to 2025, covering a span of 50 years.\" The bibliometric analysis results are presented in terms of research trends, leading countries, and the interrelation of keywords, visualized using RStudio: biblioshiny and VOS viewer. The results reveal a continuously increasing trend in publications related to CRMs, with major contributors being Germany, South Africa, and China. The results also highlight strong global collaboration and emphasize adherence to ISO 17034 accreditation, traceability, and analytical quality assurance. Moreover, among CRM production programmes, the South Africa reference material (SARM), initiated at the Council of Mineral Technology (Mintek), emerges as a growing and significant contributor. This work provides a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of Geological Reference Materials (GeoReM) and harmonized metrological traceability, CRMs, outlining global research trends, their evolution, and future directions in analytical standardization and metrological traceability over the last 50 years, including co-occurrence visualization of relevant studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":10744,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in analytical chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149073771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bridging the Gap: Spectroscopy, Machine Learning, and the Path to Reliable Food Safety Analysis.","authors":"Qing-Xiao Ma, Yong-Feng Ju, Hao-Xuan Kan, Guo-Ao Xie, Fei-Ming Li","doi":"10.1080/10408347.2026.2738868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10408347.2026.2738868","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The integration of spectroscopic techniques with machine learning has emerged as a powerful analytical paradigm for food safety analysis. However, the rapid expansion of this field has created a new challenge. Researchers and practitioners lack systematic guidance on selecting the most appropriate combination for a given problem. This review provides a critical, decision-oriented examination of this interdisciplinary field. We first establish applicability profiles for major spectroscopic techniques and functional groupings for common machine learning algorithms. We then propose a four-dimensional decision framework that guides method selection based on analytical goals, data characteristics, sample matrix, and application constraints. The utility of this framework is validated through three comparative case studies drawn from the literature. Beyond method selection, we identify three core bottlenecks that impede industrial deployment. These are interpretability, generalization, and deployment efficiency. We propose concrete solutions including explainable machine learning techniques, domain adaptation with calibration transfer, and model lightweighting strategies. We emphasize that these bottlenecks are interconnected, and finding the right balance requires careful consideration of application-specific priorities. This review aims to equip researchers and practitioners with a practical, theoretically grounded guide for navigating the complex landscape of spectroscopy and machine learning in food safety analysis, ultimately contributing to safer food supply chains and better public health protection.</p>","PeriodicalId":10744,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in analytical chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149058757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vibrational Spectroscopy in Alzheimer's Disease Research and Diagnostics: From Molecular Biomarkers to Spectral Fingerprints.","authors":"Iuliia A Poimenova, Ivan V Mikheev, Vladislav A Manuilenko, Elena V Proskurnina, Mikhail A Proskurnin","doi":"10.1080/10408347.2026.2738019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10408347.2026.2738019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alzheimer's disease (AD) research is increasingly shaped by biologically anchored criteria and blood-based biomarker workflows, but the role of vibrational spectroscopy within this landscape remains difficult to define because infrared (IR), Raman, and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) methods measure different chemical information and are often validated in different matrices. This review critically evaluates IR-, Raman-, and SERS-based approaches to AD biomarker research from an analytical-chemistry perspective. The review distinguishes clinically anchored biomarkers, including amyloid-β-related measures and phosphorylated tau species, from exploratory spectroscopic readouts such as β-sheet enrichment, amyloid aggregation state, and multicomponent biochemical fingerprints. We compare relevant spectral regions, sample-matrix compatibility, detection limits, sample preparation, assay formats, and integration with chemometrics and machine learning. Current evidence indicates IR-based methods are most mature as structural and compositional Странные точки между словами на скриншоте tools, whereas spontaneous Raman spectroscopy is mainly used for rapid spectral fingerprinting of biosamples. SERS expands Raman analysis toward low-abundance AD-related analytes through plasmonic substrates, nanotags, lateral-flow formats, and immuno- or aptamer-assisted recognition. Machine learning models improve classification but require donor-level splitting, and molecular anchoring of discriminative features. Overall, vibrational spectroscopy should be positioned as a complementary platform for biochemical phenotyping and orthogonal molecular readout development.</p>","PeriodicalId":10744,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in analytical chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"1-22"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149058702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent Advancements in Cancer Diagnosis via Spectroscopic Analytical Techniques.","authors":"Shanza Poswal, Bushra Naureen, Usman Shareef, Mehmood Asghar, Aziza Sarwar, Aisha Altaf, Mahnoor Ilyas","doi":"10.1080/10408347.2026.2737293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10408347.2026.2737293","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Spectroscopic methods offer vital information on the molecular makeup, interactions, and structure of biological tissues by examining the relationship between matter and electromagnetic radiation. Conventional diagnostic procedures frequently have limitations, and early diagnosis of cancer is critical for improving patient outcomes. The purpose of this review article is to investigate the possible uses of several spectroscopic methods in the diagnosis of cancer, with an emphasis on breast cancer, cervical cancer, colorectal cancer, brain tumors, ovarian cancer, abdominal cancer, prostate cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer and esophageal cancer. An extensive overview of spectroscopic methods, such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), mass spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy, are explored for applications in the diagnosis of cervical, colorectal, gastric, breast and prostate malignancies. Spectroscopic methods have several benefits, including high sensitivity for identifying cancer biomarkers, noninvasiveness, and real-time findings. These techniques are becoming more and more useful for diagnosing breast cancer since they make it easier to grade tumors, classify malignancies early, and determine certain biomarkers. For these approaches to be used in clinical settings, assay development, automation, and collaborative study development are crucial. Although there are some difficulties, continuous developments in spectroscopy can hold the potential to revolutionize cancer detection and enhance patient care.</p>","PeriodicalId":10744,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in analytical chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149024039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating Transcriptomics and Metabolomics for Clinical Disease Detection: A Critical Review of Emerging Diagnostic Methodologies.","authors":"Kashyap Thummar, Sneha M Nair, Foram Ravat, Janki Goswami, Bhumika Maheriya, Sanjay Chauhan","doi":"10.1080/10408347.2026.2733903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10408347.2026.2733903","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Transcriptomics and metabolomics occupy mechanistically complementary positions in the molecular hierarchy of disease: gene expression characterizes upstream regulatory dysregulation, while metabolomics captures the downstream biochemical consequence at the functional endpoint of that cascade. Applied alone, each yields only a partial view of complex, multifactorial disease. This critical review evaluates the workflows, platforms and computational strategies of both disciplines, appraising their diagnostic utility, translational limitations and clinical laboratory adaptability.We examine integration methodologies spanning correlation-based approaches, multiblock latent factor models, network-guided pathway fusion and machine-learning architectures, and set out the parameter sensitivity and reproducibility limitations that the applied literature systematically underreports. These methodological claims are then tested against published practice through two in-depth case studies, in sepsis and non-small cell lung cancer, selected as contrasting exemplars. Persistent barriers are identified and discussed: pre-analytical variability, the transcriptome-metabolome correlation gap (<i>r</i> ≈ 0.3-0.4), incomplete reference databases, the absent proteome layer, and the lack of standardized clinical validation frameworks. We further argue that the missing proteome layer is not only a mechanistic gap but a formal obstacle to causal inference from two-layer data.Emerging solutions, including deep-learning fusion, explainable artificial intelligence and foundation models, are assessed alongside their documented limitations. We report that no biomarker derived from integrated transcriptomic-metabolomic analysis has undergone analytical validation, entered regulatory qualification, or reached clinical implementation, and that where diagnostic performance is reported it belongs to a single-platform model rather than to the integrated signature. Harmonized workflows, standardized reporting and regulatory-grade validation remain prerequisites for clinical adoption.</p>","PeriodicalId":10744,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in analytical chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"1-25"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149012127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Based Biosensors for Disease Biomarker Detection and Environmental Monitoring from Fundamental Principles to Emerging Applications.","authors":"Thurgah Elang Gopalan, Santheraleka Ramanathan, Subash C B Gopinath, Hemavathi Krishnan, Chong Yang Chuah, Kalaimani Markandan, Dana Alsulaiman","doi":"10.1080/10408347.2026.2729455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10408347.2026.2729455","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Molecularly imprinted polymers have emerged as robust synthetic recognition materials for selective detection of disease biomarkers and environmental contaminants owing to their high physicochemical stability, low production cost and tunable binding site architecture. Compared with biological receptors, MIPs provide durable and reusable sensing platforms suitable for operation in complex matrices and harsh environmental conditions. Recent advances in imprinting strategies have significantly improved binding site accessibility, adsorption capacity and selectivity, enabling detection of a wide range of analytes including proteins, hormones, metabolites, pharmaceuticals, pesticides and heavy metal ions. This review examines design, fabrication and sensing mechanisms of MIP-based biosensors for biomedical diagnostics and environmental monitoring applications. Particular emphasis is placed on the influence of template selection, functional monomer composition, crosslinking density and polymerization methods on imprinting factor, adsorption capacity and detection sensitivity. The role of key characterization techniques, including scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, quartz crystal microbalance analysis and electrochemical methods, in establishing structure performance relationships is discussed. Recent developments in template removal strategies and regeneration behavior are also evaluated with respect to improving sustainability and operational stability of reusable sensing platforms. Applications of MIP-based sensors for selective detection of cancer, cardiovascular and metabolic biomarkers, as well as environmental pollutants, are highlighted together with current limitations related to matrix interference, reproducibility and large-scale clinical validation. Future perspectives focusing on rational polymer design, improved fabrication reproducibility and integration with portable sensing platforms are outlined to support the development of reliable next-generation diagnostic and environmental monitoring technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":10744,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in analytical chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"1-37"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148988559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}