{"title":"AI-Driven Chemometrics for Multi-omics Data Integration: Advances, Challenges, and Future Directions.","authors":"Picheswara Rao Polu","doi":"10.1080/10408347.2026.2657553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10408347.2026.2657553","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The convergence of artificial intelligence and chemometrics has revolutionized multi-omics data integration, enabling unprecedented insights into complex biological systems. This critical review examines AI-driven approaches for integrating genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and other omics layers, emphasizing developments from 2020 to 2025. We explore fundamental multi-omics challenges including batch effects, high dimensionality, and structural heterogeneity, evaluating how classical chemometric methods have evolved into sophisticated deep learning architectures. Convolutional neural networks, autoencoders, variational autoencoders, and graph neural networks demonstrate remarkable capabilities for non-linear feature extraction and data fusion. Explainable AI frameworks including SHAP and LIME address interpretability concerns critical for analytical chemistry. We review vertical and horizontal integration strategies, highlighting transformer-based attention mechanisms and biological network-informed architectures. Clinical applications in Alzheimer's disease, obesity, and cancer demonstrate 20%-30% performance improvements over traditional approaches. Emerging hyphenated techniques coupling microfluidics with mass spectrometry enable miniaturized analyses. Persistent challenges include computational scalability, overfitting mitigation, regulatory validation gaps, and interdisciplinary collaboration barriers. Future directions encompass federated learning for privacy-preserving analyses, quantum computing applications, and single-cell spatial multi-omics at subcellular resolution. This assessment provides analytical chemists with critical evaluation of available tools, benchmarking strategies, and roadmaps for advancing precision medicine and analytical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":10744,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in analytical chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"1-36"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147728656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vaishnavi Rawat, Satakshi Sharma, Arvind Kumar, Veena Paul
{"title":"A Critical Review on Analytical Techniques for Microplastics in Food Commodities.","authors":"Vaishnavi Rawat, Satakshi Sharma, Arvind Kumar, Veena Paul","doi":"10.1080/10408347.2026.2658851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10408347.2026.2658851","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microplastic (MP) contamination in food has emerged as a critical global concern due to the extensive use of plastics and their persistence in the environment. These particles, originating from degradation of larger plastics or direct industrial sources, have been detected in diverse food matrices, including seafood, salt, bottled water, and dairy products, posing potential health risks to consumers. This review critically evaluates the analytical techniques used to detect, identify, and quantify MPs in food. Conventional methods such as microscopy (light, fluorescence, SEM), spectroscopy (FTIR, Raman), and thermal analysis (TGA, DSC, Py-GC/MS) are discussed with respect to their sensitivity, specificity, and applicability. Chromatographic and mass spectrometric techniques, including LC-MS (Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry) and MALDI-MS (Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry), offer molecular-level insights but require complex sample preparation. Emerging tools such as nanoparticle-based sensors, DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) biosensors, microfluidic lab-on-a-chip devices, and AI-assisted imaging represent significant advances toward rapid, sensitive, and portable detection. Despite progress, challenges persist due to heterogeneous food matrices, lack of standardized protocols, and limited regulatory frameworks. The review emphasizes the need for harmonized methodologies, interdisciplinary research, and innovative detection strategies to ensure reliable monitoring of MPs and safeguard food safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":10744,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in analytical chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147721988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohd Fazal Ur Rehman, Mohammad Muaz Khan, Mohammad Mansoob Khan
{"title":"From Microplastics to Nanoplastics: Critical Advances and Persistent Challenges in Detection and Quantification.","authors":"Mohd Fazal Ur Rehman, Mohammad Muaz Khan, Mohammad Mansoob Khan","doi":"10.1080/10408347.2026.2658239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10408347.2026.2658239","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microplastics (MPs), defined as plastic particles smaller than 5 mm, are increasingly recognized as widespread environmental contaminants occurring in aquatic, terrestrial, and atmospheric ecosystems. Their small size, diverse morphology, and complex polymer composition make accurate detection, identification, and quantification analytically challenging. This review summarizes recent advances in analytical techniques for detecting MPs in environmental samples, including microscopic, spectroscopic, mass spectrometric, thermal analytical, hyperspectral imaging, and artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted approaches. The fundamental principles, strengths, and limitations of each technique are critically evaluated in the context of environmental monitoring and analytical performance. Despite considerable progress, significant challenges remain, particularly in the reliable detection of nanoplastics (NPs), real-time <i>in situ</i> monitoring, and the establishment of standardized analytical protocols. Emerging strategies that integrate AI-driven spectral analysis, hyperspectral imaging, and thermogravimetric analysis show promise for improving the accuracy and throughput of MP detection. Overall, this review highlights the importance of integrating conventional analytical methods with advanced computational tools and developing high-throughput, environmentally sustainable detection strategies to improve our understanding of the environmental fate of MPs and NPs as well as support future risk assessment and policy development.</p>","PeriodicalId":10744,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in analytical chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147697385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Recent Advances in Analytical Techniques for Cancer Diagnostics and Therapeutics: Combining State-of-the-Art Technologies for Precision Oncology.","authors":"Laxmi Gharti, Simran Deep Kaur, Samar Vihal, Kakarla Ramakrishna, Deepak Thakur, Deepak Kapoor, Lalit Sharma, Hemlata Kaurav","doi":"10.1080/10408347.2026.2656439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10408347.2026.2656439","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cancer remains a leading global health challenge, necessitating continuous advancements in diagnostics and therapeutics to enhance patient outcomes. According to the recent data of the American Cancer Society, an estimated 20 million new cancer cases and 9.7 million cancer deaths occurred globally in 2022, with cases projected to reach 35 million by 2050. Early and accurate diagnosis is critical for effective treatment, and the traditional methods often lack sensitivity and specificity. Advanced analytical techniques, comprising molecular and genomic diagnostics, next-generation sequencing (NGS), and artificial intelligence (AI)-driven imaging, have significantly enhanced early detection and real-time tumor monitoring. In therapeutics, precision oncology has emerged as a transformative approach, integrating immunotherapy, gene editing (CRISPR), matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI), CAR-T cell therapy, and nanotechnology-based delivery for targeted treatment. Dual-purpose tools like NGS, predictive modeling, and molecular profiling bridge both domains, enhancing predictive accuracy <i>via</i> multimodal data fusion as a paradigm-shifting analytical platform revolutionizing traditional approaches. Despite advancements, resistance and accessibility challenges entail continued innovation. These advancements, driven by the convergence of biotechnology, data science, and molecular medicine, substantiate diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic precision. This review critically examines current analytical innovations, including molecular, imaging modalities, biosensors, and therapy-guiding analytics, highlighting their integration within precision oncology frameworks.</p>","PeriodicalId":10744,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in analytical chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"1-26"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147688660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hemn A H Barzani, Rebaz Anwar Omer, Nergz Bayiz Abdulrahman, Hunar Yasin Muhammad, Ali Sedeeq Noaman, Seerwan Hamadameen Sulaiman
{"title":"Comprehensive Review of Analytical Methods for the Determination of Lomefloxacin Across Multiple Matrices.","authors":"Hemn A H Barzani, Rebaz Anwar Omer, Nergz Bayiz Abdulrahman, Hunar Yasin Muhammad, Ali Sedeeq Noaman, Seerwan Hamadameen Sulaiman","doi":"10.1080/10408347.2026.2654772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10408347.2026.2654772","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lomefloxacin (LOM), a third-generation fluoroquinolone, remains analytically important due to its ongoing pharmaceutical use, environmental persistence, and complex physicochemical behavior. Its amphoteric nature, metal-ion chelation, photosensitivity, and matrix-dependent stability complicate accurate quantification in pharmaceuticals, biological fluids, food, and environmental samples. This review critically evaluates analytical methods for LOM determination, focusing on sensitivity, selectivity, robustness, and matrix compatibility. Chromatographic approaches, particularly HPLC with fluorescence detection and LC-MS/MS, provide the highest reliability for complex matrices, enabling effective separation of LOM from metabolites and degradation products at trace levels. Electrochemical techniques, especially those using nanomaterials and molecularly imprinted electrodes, offer rapid and sensitive alternatives with reduced solvent use, though their performance depends on pH and metal-ion interactions. Spectroscopic methods are cost-effective and suitable for routine quality control but are more prone to matrix interference and photodegradation effects. LC-MS/MS achieves the lowest detection limits (∼0.1 ng mL⁻¹), followed by HPLC (0.5-10 ng mL⁻¹), electrochemical sensors (low ng mL⁻¹), and spectrophotometric methods (µg mL⁻¹). Future directions include greener methodologies, improved sample preparation, miniaturized sensors, and AI-driven optimization.</p>","PeriodicalId":10744,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in analytical chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"1-27"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147671152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gamzenur Aslan, Ozge Nur Sarikaya, S Irem Kaya, Hakan Erdogan
{"title":"Polydopamine-Based Nanomaterials and Their Use in Sensor Applications.","authors":"Gamzenur Aslan, Ozge Nur Sarikaya, S Irem Kaya, Hakan Erdogan","doi":"10.1080/10408347.2026.2656821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10408347.2026.2656821","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polydopamine (PDA), originally a biomimetic coating polymer with remarkable adhesive properties, has evolved into a versatile material with diverse roles in multifunctional sensor design. This review comprehensively addresses recent developments in the properties of PDA-based nanomaterials and their integration into sensor platforms, going beyond their well-known advantageous properties to enhance optical, electrical, and mechanical characteristics, thus delivering advanced sensor performance. To provide a foundational context, the development of PDA-based nanomaterials, which can be used in versatile applications such as selective imprinting matrices, signal enhancers, and stabilizing agents for metallic and carbon-based nanostructures, is explored. Sensor applications are overviewed through four main techniques: electrochemical sensing, where PDA modulates electron transfer and molecular recognition; photonic and plasmonic platforms that utilize its broadband absorption; stimulus-sensitive systems that leverage its intrinsic photothermal properties; and flexible hydrogel-based electronics. By reviewing the most recent literature, it is demonstrated that integrating PDA-based nanomaterials into various sensors improves critical analytical performance parameters, such as sensitivity, stability, robustness, and accuracy. Finally, it sheds light on the outlook for future work aimed at solving technical issues such as repeatability and durability in PDA-based sensors.</p>","PeriodicalId":10744,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in analytical chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"1-28"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147671075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review of Advanced Devices for Skin Cancer Detection.","authors":"Le Thi Nhu Ngoc, An-Na Park, Young-Chul Lee","doi":"10.1080/10408347.2026.2656438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10408347.2026.2656438","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sensors and microfluidic devices are increasingly influencing modern healthcare by enabling rapid, portable, and cost-effective diagnostic technologies. Their high sensitivity, selectivity, and ease of use make them promising tools for early disease detection. Skin cancer, particularly melanoma, is one of the most aggressive dermatologic malignancies, and early diagnosis is critical for improving patient survival. Conventional diagnostic approaches typically rely on visual examination, dermoscopy, and histopathological analysis, which often require specialized expertise and laboratory infrastructure. Recent advances in sensing technologies and microfluidic platforms have enabled the development of portable devices for noninvasive or minimally invasive skin cancer detection. These systems can identify physical and biochemical changes associated with malignant lesions, including dielectric contrasts in tissue and cancer-related biomarkers in biological samples. This review summarizes recent progress in sensor-based and microfluidic technologies for skin cancer detection, focusing on sensing principles, device architectures, fabrication strategies, and representative applications in melanoma diagnostics. In addition, we provide a structured comparison of representative platforms, including their targets, readout mechanisms, analytical performance, and development stages. Key translational challenges, such as variability in real-world skin measurements, clinical validation requirements, and regulatory considerations, are also discussed. Overall, this review provides an up - to - date overview and insights for next-generation diagnostic tools.</p>","PeriodicalId":10744,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in analytical chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147671119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Staining Strategies for the Fluorescence Detection of Nano-Microplastics.","authors":"João M M Leitão, Joaquim C G Esteves da Silva","doi":"10.1080/10408347.2026.2653034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10408347.2026.2653034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The nano- and microplastics (NMP) are ubiquitous in the environment. Indeed, they are present in the air, water, soils, many living organisms, and different food and beverage products. Detection, identification, and/or quantification were performed using various analytical techniques. Most NMP identification is achieved primarily through Raman and infrared microscopy, while its identification and quantification are mainly performed using thermal gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Due to the inherent characteristics of analytical fluorescence techniques, it is one of the most widely used methods for analyzing NMP. To do that, the NMP were usually stained with various fluorescent organic dyes. Fluorescent NMP staining is primarily performed with Nile Red, the principal organic dye used. This NMP fluorescence analysis was performed using steady-state fluorescence microscopy. Fluorescence nanoparticles, such as carbon dots or conjugated polymer nanoparticles, are emerging as a potential alternative to organic dyes for the fluorescence-based visual detection of NMP. The fluorescence-based detection of NMP focuses on staining strategies and the characteristics of staining fluorescence detection using organic dyes and fluorescent nanoparticles, which were reviewed. A critical review of the various staining fluorescence strategies already employed, along with the fluorescence characteristics of organic dyes and fluorescent nanoparticles, will be conducted.</p>","PeriodicalId":10744,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in analytical chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"1-36"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147671142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Selenium Speciation Analysis in Foods.","authors":"Krystyna Pyrzynska","doi":"10.1080/10408347.2026.2654764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10408347.2026.2654764","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Selenium is an essential micronutrient that plays a key role in numerous metabolic pathways and in maintaining human health. As its deficiency affects a substantial proportion of the global population, consuming selenium-rich foods is an important strategy to increase dietary intake and reduce the risk of associated chronic diseases. However, total selenium content alone is insufficient to assess food quality or predict health effects, as individual selenium species, whether inorganic or organic, differ markedly in bioavailability, metabolic pathways, and physiological functions. Consequently, detailed knowledge of selenium speciation is essential for the reliable evaluation of selenium-enriched foods. Despite significant methodological advances, selenium speciation analysis remains challenging. Preserving species integrity during extraction, preventing interconversion, and achieving adequate recovery continue to pose major obstacles. This review summarizes recent advances in analytical approaches for determining selenium species in foods, with particular emphasis on the importance of reliable data on the bioavailability and safety of different selenium forms.</p>","PeriodicalId":10744,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in analytical chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147671096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christine M El-Maraghy, Mohamed M Abdelmaksoud, Sarah R Abdulhalim, Nourhan M Mohamed, Sandy S Ibrahim
{"title":"A Critical Review of Analytical Methods for Rocuronium Quantification: Comparative Evaluation of Eco-Friendliness, Applicability and Performance.","authors":"Christine M El-Maraghy, Mohamed M Abdelmaksoud, Sarah R Abdulhalim, Nourhan M Mohamed, Sandy S Ibrahim","doi":"10.1080/10408347.2026.2655911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10408347.2026.2655911","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review provides a critical evaluation of several analytical methods developed over the last two decades for the quantification of Rocuronium (ROC), either alone or in combination, in different matrices. The existing literature describes various analytical techniques for ROC analysis, such as spectrofluorimetric, electrochemical, chromatographic, capillary electrophoretic, and mass-spectrometric. However, no published study has assessed and compared these methods in terms of their analytical performance, eco-friendliness, sustainability and applicability. This review employs six assessment tools to evaluate the alignment of the reported analytical methods with the principles of Green Analytical Chemistry (GAC) and White Analytical Chemistry (WAC). The tools are: Complex modified green analytical procedure index (ComplexMoGAPI) and Analytical GREEnness Metric <b>(</b>AGREE) to evaluate the greenness, Blueness Assessment Graphical Index (BAGI) to assess the applicability of the method (blueness), and Red Analytical Performance Index (RAPI) for the analytical performance (redness). Finally, the Red-Green-Blue model (RGB-12 algorithm) and Multi-Color Assessment (MA) Tool were employed, which provide a unified \"whiteness score\" which reflects the degree of sustainability of the method. By evaluating the strengths, limitations, eco-friendliness, applicability, innovation, performance and sustainability of the reported methods, this review establishes a novel, comprehensive framework to guide decision-making in analytical method selection and development.</p>","PeriodicalId":10744,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in analytical chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147662315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}