{"title":"Recent Developments in Colorimetric and Fluorimetric Sensing of Fe<sup>2+</sup> and Fe<sup>3+</sup> Ions: A Review (2021 to 2025).","authors":"Ali Q Alorabi","doi":"10.1080/10408347.2025.2531970","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Iron ions, Fe<sup>2+</sup> and Fe<sup>3+</sup>, play essential roles in biological, environmental, and industrial processes. However, their imbalance can lead to severe health and ecological issues, including oxidative stress-related diseases and water contamination. Both metal ions are commonly found in environmental water sources, biological fluids, and food products, necessitating their precise detection and quantification. Colorimetric and fluorimetric chemosensors are powerful tools, offering simple, rapid, and highly sensitive methods for monitoring Fe<sup>2+</sup> and Fe<sup>3+</sup> ions. These chemosensors are based on changes in color or fluorescence intensity upon interaction with target ions, providing clear and easily interpretable signals. Both types of chemosensors can be designed using organic molecules, polymers, or nanomaterials, each with unique advantages in selectivity, stability, and sensitivity, making them highly effective for environmental and biological ion detection. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the recent advancements in the development of colorimetric and fluorimetric chemosensors for the detection of Fe<sup>2+</sup> and Fe<sup>3+</sup> ions, with a focus on innovations from 2021 to 2025. This review explores the progress in organic, polymeric, and nanomaterial-based chemosensors, highlighting their design, sensing mechanisms, and practical applications. By examining the sensitivity, selectivity, and stability of these chemosensors, the review aims to identify key trends, challenges, and future directions in the field, offering valuable insights for researchers and practitioners working on the detection of Fe<sup>2+</sup> and Fe<sup>3+</sup> in environmental, biological, and industrial contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":10744,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in analytical chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2000,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Critical reviews in analytical chemistry","FirstCategoryId":"92","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10408347.2025.2531970","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Iron ions, Fe2+ and Fe3+, play essential roles in biological, environmental, and industrial processes. However, their imbalance can lead to severe health and ecological issues, including oxidative stress-related diseases and water contamination. Both metal ions are commonly found in environmental water sources, biological fluids, and food products, necessitating their precise detection and quantification. Colorimetric and fluorimetric chemosensors are powerful tools, offering simple, rapid, and highly sensitive methods for monitoring Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions. These chemosensors are based on changes in color or fluorescence intensity upon interaction with target ions, providing clear and easily interpretable signals. Both types of chemosensors can be designed using organic molecules, polymers, or nanomaterials, each with unique advantages in selectivity, stability, and sensitivity, making them highly effective for environmental and biological ion detection. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the recent advancements in the development of colorimetric and fluorimetric chemosensors for the detection of Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions, with a focus on innovations from 2021 to 2025. This review explores the progress in organic, polymeric, and nanomaterial-based chemosensors, highlighting their design, sensing mechanisms, and practical applications. By examining the sensitivity, selectivity, and stability of these chemosensors, the review aims to identify key trends, challenges, and future directions in the field, offering valuable insights for researchers and practitioners working on the detection of Fe2+ and Fe3+ in environmental, biological, and industrial contexts.
期刊介绍：
Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry continues to be a dependable resource for both the expert and the student by providing in-depth, scholarly, insightful reviews of important topics within the discipline of analytical chemistry and related measurement sciences. The journal exclusively publishes review articles that illuminate the underlying science, that evaluate the field''s status by putting recent developments into proper perspective and context, and that speculate on possible future developments. A limited number of articles are of a "tutorial" format written by experts for scientists seeking introduction or clarification in a new area.
This journal serves as a forum for linking various underlying components in broad and interdisciplinary means, while maintaining balance between applied and fundamental research. Topics we are interested in receiving reviews on are the following:
· chemical analysis;
· instrumentation;
· chemometrics;
· analytical biochemistry;
· medicinal analysis;
· forensics;
· environmental sciences;
· applied physics;
· and material science.
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