Conservation Biology最新文献

{"title":"Complex relationship between soil fungi and conservation value assessments in boreal forests.","authors":"Julia Kyaschenko, Louis Mielke, Mari Jönsson, Anne-Maarit Hekkala, Simon Kärvemo, Jörgen Sjögren, Karina E Clemmensen, Joachim Strengbom","doi":"10.1111/cobi.70012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.70012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Large-scale industrial forestry is a threat to biodiversity and imposes long-lasting changes to many forested biomes. Preserving forests as reserves is an important component of the strategy for safeguarding forest biodiversity. Yet, the selection of forests of high biodiversity value is usually based on proxies (i.e., subsets of aboveground habitat characteristics) rather than on direct assessments of species occurrences. This approach is based on the assumption that the diversity and community composition of all organism groups are well represented by the assessed habitat characteristics. We investigated how conservation value, assessed according to common practices based on aboveground habitat heterogeneity, corresponded to the abundance, richness, and community composition of 12 taxonomic and ecological groups of soil fungi across northern and southern Swedish forests. Overall, the assessed conservation value reflected the abundance, diversity, and community composition of deadwood-associated saprotrophs well, likely because they depend directly on the availability of the structures that the assessment is based on. However, the conservation assessment value failed to capture the overall variability for most of the soil-dwelling fungal guilds. Although the assessed value was positively associated with the diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungi, root-associated Ascomycota, and saprotrophic Basidiomycota in the southern region, no such association was evident in the northern region. Soil fertility was the best predictor of the variation in community composition in all fungal guilds. The relative abundance and diversity of most saprotrophic guilds increased as soil fertility increased, whereas root-associated guilds decreased as soil fertility increased. Current methods for assessing conservation value captured only specific subsets of soil fungi, and the predictability of capturing fungal diversity varied depending on the region. To more comprehensively preserve soil fungi, assessment methods should incorporate additional environmental parameters, especially those linked to fungal community composition, such as soil fertility.</p>","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":" ","pages":"e70012"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143604215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Setting goals for pollinator gardens.","authors":"Nicholas N Dorian, Atticus W Murphy, Amy M Iler, Paul J CaraDonna","doi":"10.1111/cobi.70009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.70009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, declines in animal pollinators have stimulated tremendous interest in pollinator-friendly gardening. There is a widespread notion that pollinator gardens are beneficial, but the specific capacity of pollinator gardens to improve biodiversity conservation and societal well-being remains unclear. We argue that setting clear ecological and social goals can clarify the value of pollinator gardens for both pollinators and people. Effective goals will articulate specific, quantifiable, and realistic endpoints across scales of biological organization. Opportunities and challenges for setting goals will vary across landscape contexts, cultural systems, stakeholder values, and geographic regions. In community-based pollinator projects, harnessing the potential of gardens to improve outcomes requires an evidence-based, iterative process involving identifying shared values, defining specific goals and measurable indicators, proposing straightforward interventions, monitoring progress, and evaluating success, including adaptive management if success is not met. These ideas provide ecologists and conservation practitioners with a practical framework for how to channel the swell of enthusiasm for pollinator gardening and, more generally, community-driven conservation efforts in dynamic socioecological systems toward measurable impacts on biodiversity and people.</p>","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":" ","pages":"e70009"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143604221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"International consensus principles for the sustainable harvest of polar bears.","authors":"Eric V Regehr, Erik M Andersen, Melissa P Galicia, Samuel A Iverson, Lindsey S Mangipane, Evan S Richardson, Fernando Ugarte, Susannah P Woodruff","doi":"10.1111/cobi.70010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.70010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Multilateral agreements are required for the effective management of large carnivores with ranges that cross geopolitical boundaries. This is particularly important for species subject to rapid changes in distribution or demographic status due to climate warming. We considered 3 international consensus principles for the sustainable harvest of polar bears (Ursus maritimus), a circumpolar species threatened by sea-ice loss and harvested by Indigenous Peoples for subsistence. First, we defined a biologically sustainable harvest as one that occurs at a rate likely to maintain subpopulation abundance above maximum net productivity level. Second, we determined the type of scientific assessment needed to identify a sustainable harvest, which includes synthesizing or collecting information on habitat conditions, spatial population structure, and human-caused removals and conducting a field study to estimate ecological indices or demographic parameters. Third, we delineated the components of a sustainable harvest management regime, which include implementing harvest at a biologically sustainable rate, having the ability to monitor and adjust harvest levels, and following a state-dependent management approach. The consensus principles are supported by the 5 nations with polar bears (Canada, Greenland, Norway, Russia, and the United States) under an international treaty. They are designed to provide consistent guidance while allowing different jurisdictions the flexibility to tailor harvest strategies to their situations. Adapting similar principles to other systems could help mitigate the global conservation crisis for large carnivores.</p>","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":" ","pages":"e70010"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143540463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A tiered assessment framework for interregional flows of ecosystem services from migratory species.","authors":"D J Semmens, K J Bagstad, J J Derbridge, J E Diffendorfer, W E Thogmartin, B J Mattsson, A Lien, C C Chester, J A Dubovsky, L López-Hoffman","doi":"10.1111/cobi.70008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.70008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services has called for assessments explicitly accounting for interregional flows of ecosystem services (ESs) across geographic scales. An important type of interregional ES flow is generated by the long-distance movements of migratory species. Many migratory species provide important benefits to people, and due to migration dynamics, ESs provided in one location may be affected by habitat conservation, or lack thereof, in other locations. The state of the science on interregional flows of ESs from migratory species, however, is nascent and lacks structure needed to consistently characterize flows. We developed a 4-tiered system for categorizing assessments and the conclusions they can support based on 4 levels of ecological and socioeconomic information, ranging from incomplete to high, and how they are combined. The 4 tiers of assessment are based on differing levels of detail in the estimation of system-level ecological and socioeconomic information on a species and the services it provides: telecoupled ESs, qualitative flows, quantitative static flows, and quantitative dynamic flows. Recent assessment studies largely fall within the first tier, which does not quantify flows. Socioeconomic and ecological information are needed to achieve each tier. Our framework can be used to identify and classify a range of methods, with varying time and data requirements, that can be used to maximize the information content and relevance of ES assessments for migratory species based on available resources.</p>","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":" ","pages":"e70008"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143540448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of road density on regional food webs.","authors":"F Mestre, V A G Bastazini, F Ascensão","doi":"10.1111/cobi.70007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.70007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Roads stand as major threats to biodiversity because they affect the functioning of ecosystems and the provision of ecosystem services. Understanding how the effects of roads affect the dynamics of ecological interactions is essential to managing human impacts on biodiversity, but such studies are few. We investigated species vulnerability to road density and effects of road density on food webs across Europe. Using species-specific road density thresholds, beyond which local populations may not persist, and trophic interaction data (predator-prey interactions), we constructed regional food webs to assess the potential loss of trophic interactions due to roadkill. We analyzed data on 551 species across top, intermediate, and basal trophic levels. Effects of roads varied spatially. In areas near major cities, species lost >90% of their trophic interactions. We found 191 species that were affected by loss of prey or predators. Apex predators exhibited lower direct impacts from road density than predators at lower trophic levels, and basal-level species seemed more exposed to direct road-related effects (roadkill), which could trigger a cascade of interaction disruptions. Our findings emphasize the need for informed road infrastructure development and targeted conservation strategies to mitigate the negative impacts of roads and traffic and thereby preserve the integrity of ecological networks. Our identification of critical areas where road-induced cascade effects may be most pronounced and of groups of species that may be at higher risk from roads can inform policy and conservation planning.</p>","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":" ","pages":"e70007"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143540462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of Key Biodiversity Areas in representing global avian diversity.","authors":"Tom P Lansley, Olivia Crowe, Stuart H M Butchart, David P Edwards, Gavin H Thomas","doi":"10.1111/cobi.70000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.70000","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs) are the largest and most complete network of significant sites for the global persistence of biodiversity. Although important sites for birds worldwide have been relatively well assessed, a key question is how effectively the global KBA network represents avian diversity. We identified bird species, orders, habitats, and geographic regions that are underrepresented by KBAs. Area of Habitat (AOH) maps for 10,517 terrestrial bird species were cropped and masked by the extent of each KBA. Almost all species had at least one part of their seasonal distribution in one or more KBAs. Twenty-nine species had no habitat overlap with KBAs, and 1900 species had <8% of their AOH overlapping KBAs. Species with KBAs identified for them (5219 trigger species) had on average 2.6% greater representation of their AOH in KBAs than species that did not. The extent of species' AOH represented by KBAs varied with region, habitat, and taxonomic group. Northern North America had the most underrepresented terrestrial bird species (up to 178 underrepresented species per 100 km²). Terrestrial bird species of tropical forests were 12.8% better represented in KBAs than expected by chance, whereas boreal and temperate forest species were less well represented than expected by chance (74.4% and 25.1%, respectively). Among avian orders, Anseriformes and Charadriiformes were underrepresented in KBAs (29.0% and 17.9%, respectively), whereas Trogoniformes and Psittaciformes were better represented (16.2% and 6.9%, respectively) than expected by chance. Bird species for potential KBA identification include marsh antwren (Formicivora paludicola) and Tabar pitta (Erythropitta splendida). These are mainly due to recent changes in species' taxonomy or their International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List category. Identifying poorly represented species and where they occur highlights shortfalls where expansion of the network could bring conservation benefits.</p>","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":" ","pages":"e70000"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143540449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting risk to bat species from wind turbine collision in Southeast Asia","authors":"Matt Crane,&nbsp;Inês Silva,&nbsp;Matthew J. Grainger,&nbsp;George A. Gale","doi":"10.1111/cobi.14452","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cobi.14452","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Wind farms can pose significant risks to bat populations through collisions with turbines, habitat loss, and effects on behavior. With its rich bat diversity and expanding wind power industry, Southeast Asia lacks sufficient data to assess the risks posed to bat species from wind turbine collisions. We aimed to develop a predictive framework for assessing wind turbine risk to bats in Southeast Asia based on global bat fatality data and trait-based assessments. We conducted a review of the literature to compile data on global bat fatalities related to wind turbines. We developed a risk assessment framework comprising 3 components—potential fatality detection index (pDI), potential spatial exposure risk index (pSE), and conservation status—to assess species vulnerability to wind turbines and to generate a conservation prioritization score for Southeast Asian bat species. Our predictive models incorporated wing morphology traits to estimate fatality probabilities for bat species. Global wing morphology data provided some predictive power for bat collision risk. Our models correctly identified bat species with known fatality data but less successfully identified species with low risk of fatality. However, uncertainty arose from knowledge gaps and a lack of transferability of information to Southeast Asian species. Our framework offers a starting point for assessing bat collision risk in Southeast Asia, but it underscores the critical need for region-specific data and continued refinement of predictive models. Establishing comprehensive bat collision monitoring programs in the region is essential for informing evidence-based management decisions and ultimately minimizing the impacts of wind energy development on Southeast Asian bat populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143540464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incorporating cyclone risk in the design of marine protected and conserved areas as an ecosystem-based adaptation approach.","authors":"Alyssa L Giffin, Vivitskaia J D Tulloch, Dominic A Andradi-Brown, Rod M Connolly, Unaisi Malani-Tagicakibau, Francis Areki, Christopher J Brown","doi":"10.1111/cobi.14437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.14437","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Marine protected and conserved areas (MPCAs) are promoted as an ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) approach to increase community and ecosystem resilience to climate change. However, traditional approaches to MPCA design typically do not consider climate risk or habitat condition under a climate threat. We used the Great Sea Reef (GSR) in Fiji as a case study to develop a land-sea prioritization framework that links modeled sediment runoff from rainfall during extreme cyclone events to the probability of coral reefs being in good condition. We incorporated this information in an MPCA prioritization scenario intending to achieve 90% certainty of good-condition coral cover under cyclone risk while minimizing cost to fishers and meeting ecosystem conservation targets. We explored the trade-offs between sites selected for protection, the relative opportunity cost to fishers, and the representation of conservation feature targets between the MPCA scenario that included cyclone risk and a baseline scenario that did not. The cyclone risk scenario's best solution required larger areas of protection (5% more GSR area) than the baseline scenario and additional protection in areas with moderate to high probability of good-condition coral cover. Some areas prioritized for protection in the cyclone risk scenario had relatively high turbidity. Large sections around Vanua Levu were consistently selected for protection across both prioritization scenarios due to high concentrations of all ecosystem conservation features, particularly sea turtle feeding grounds. Overall, the cyclone risk MPCA design had a higher fisher opportunity cost but protected a larger amount of ecosystem conservation features and buffered against habitat condition uncertainty. We explored the potential outcomes of expanding on threat-avoidance and cost-effective conservation prioritization by including habitat responses to threats in the prioritization process. Our findings can inform MPCA design during EbA planning in regions at risk from climate change.</p>","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":" ","pages":"e14437"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143491125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating data to assess occupancy patterns of an endangered bumble bee.","authors":"Kristen S Ellis, Clint R V Otto, Larissa L Bailey, Tamara A Smith, Steven Choy, Lauren Hatch","doi":"10.1111/cobi.14458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.14458","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is growing interest in integrating community science data with structured monitoring data to estimate changes in distribution patterns of imperiled species, including pollinators. However, significant challenges remain in determining how unstructured community science data should be incorporated into formal analyses of species distributions. We developed a dynamic framework for combining community science and structured monitoring data of bumble bees to estimate changes in occupancy of rusty-patched bumble bees (Bombus affinis), a federally endangered species in the United States. We applied traditional metapopulation theory and accounted for imperfect detection to estimate site-specific extirpation risk and colonization rates across the known distribution of B. affinis in the Upper Midwest (USA). Despite a 144% increase in presence-only detections from 2017 to 2022, occupancy probabilities and the estimated number of occupied sites remained static or declined slightly across a 4-state region during this period. Our results provide preliminary evidence that the probability of local extirpation risk of B. affinis increased in response to drought, but that effect was tempered with a high number of neighboring patches occupied by B. affinis (i.e., rescue effect). Our framework can be used by managers to track population recovery goals for B. affinis and other bumble bees of conservation concern. In addition, our study highlights the importance of accounting for imperfect detection and addressing spatial sampling biases in bumble bee monitoring efforts, particularly those for which a portion of the monitoring data are generated from community science projects.</p>","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":" ","pages":"e14458"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143491129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential for synergistic conservation through area-based strategies.","authors":"Li Zhang, Yanwen Fu, Jiaxin Li, Lingyan Yan, Xiaojun Kou, Zhiyun Ouyang","doi":"10.1111/cobi.14447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.14447","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The ongoing biodiversity crisis has raised concerns about the effectiveness of area-based conservation (ABC) strategies for achieving positive biodiversity outcomes. In riverine ecosystems, the linear habitat structure of fishes introduces uncertainty into the synergistic conservation potential of ABC. Therefore, to assess the synergistic conservation potential of ABC for multiple groups, we used data from IUCN and RivFishTIME database up to 2020 for fishes, mammals, and birds to assess the reliability of area sampling based on species-area relationships and latitudinal dependence analyses. We built a spatial model of species richness to determine the spatial distribution of species richness and the spatial overlap of species richness within and among the 3 groups under different group combinations. We found a significant power function relationship between area and species richness; R² values ranged from 0.94 to 0.96. Species richness was unevenly distributed across groups; thus, the potential for synergistic conservation of multiple groups is not promising. Fish were outliers. The spatial overlap for fish-bird combinations (β = -0.001 to 0.02) and fish-mammal combinations (β = 0.10-0.11) were significantly lower than those for mammal-bird combinations (β = 0.20-0.27). This calls for targeted conservation planning for fishes in terrestrial ecosystems rather than considering that protected areas for mammals and birds will also protect fishes. Furthermore, the synergistic conservation potential of multitarget strategies cannot be safely extended to all groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":" ","pages":"e14447"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143413699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}