Conservation Biology最新文献

{"title":"Early outcomes of England's new biodiversity offset market.","authors":"N E Duffus, S O S E Zu Ermgassen, R Grenyer, O T Lewis","doi":"10.1111/cobi.70371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.70371","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nature markets are being operationalized as a tool to address the biodiversity finance gap and achieve global biodiversity targets. However, there is limited understanding of how the outcomes of these markets align with biodiversity targets. One example is the off-site market supporting construction projects that are required to achieve biodiversity net gain (BNG) in England. To quantify the preliminary market outcomes after 16 months of operation, we collected data from England's offset register and planning portals. We evaluated these data to understand the habitat diversity being delivered through the market offsets and offset alignment with environmental targets such as 30×30 under the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. We found that current habitat delivery is skewed toward a few habitat types, with other neutral grassland constituting 44% of planned habitat. There is very limited delivery of new wetland and woodland habitats, with most committed offsets being dedicated to improving the condition of existing habitats. More importantly, only approximately 2% of the registered offset area has been sold. Our results demonstrated how the habitat scoring system within the statutory biodiversity metric used to measure BNG is shaping the market through the creation of incentives to deliver particular habitat types. The potential demand constraints identified also highlight the role of government regulation in scaling the market. These lessons from the off-site BNG market extend to other biodiversity offsetting systems and markets globally, particularly those that are using derivatives of England's biodiversity metric.</p>","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":" ","pages":"e70371"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148863861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Codesigning synergies among ecological, social, and economic benefits with landscape-scale agri-environmental schemes.","authors":"Annika L Hass, Isabelle Arimond, Stefan Schüler, Tobias Plieninger, Sebastian Lakner, Catrin Westphal","doi":"10.1111/cobi.70376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.70376","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Global farmland biodiversity is declining rapidly, threatening both natural ecosystems and agricultural production. Although agri-environmental schemes incentivize farmers to adopt environmentally friendly measures, the spatial mismatch between their local implementation and the landscape-scale habitat requirements of farmland species has been criticized. Landscape-scale agri-environmental schemes (LAESs) are a promising approach for promoting biodiversity effectively through collaboration among multiple farmers. The success of such collaboration for biodiversity conservation relies substantially on well-functioning social networks and economic profitability for participating farmers. For an LAES to be an effective tool, it is crucial to capitalize on potential synergies among social, ecological, and economic benefits arising from collaborative implementation of LAESs and to promote positive feedback loops. We identified six potential synergies originating from the combined benefits of LAESs based on participatory workshops, expert discussions, and scientific evidence, focusing on intensive agricultural systems in Western Europe. Governance structures, such as a coordinating institution, bottom-up approaches, and adaptations to policy frameworks, can promote synergies and help overcome current challenges and trade-offs. The identified synergies and governance structures will be crucial for shaping future European agricultural policies that promote sustainable farmland biodiversity conservation and may serve as a model for transferring LAESs to other global regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":" ","pages":"e70376"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148863792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward improved conservation risk assessments in the marine aquarium fish trade: Reply to Biondo and Calado (2026).","authors":"Bing Lin, Andrew L Rhyne, Michael Tlusty, Yiwen Zeng, Bryan To, Robert J Holmberg, David S Wilcove","doi":"10.1111/cobi.70381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.70381","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":" ","pages":"e70381"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148863847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating biodiversity protection into emergency management.","authors":"Jacey Roche Cerda, Wendy Wright, Tracy L Webb","doi":"10.1111/cobi.70382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.70382","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Megafires have emerged as a considerable threat to biodiversity conservation worldwide. The biodiversity-focused response and recovery actions that occurred during Australia's 2019/2020 Black Summer bushfires demonstrate that it is possible to protect biodiversity alongside human life and property during disasters. During the fires, significant government support and collaboration between multiple stakeholders allowed emergency biodiversity conservation interventions to occur rapidly, often while the fires were still burning. To understand what was necessary to permit biodiversity-focused interventions, we conducted a thematic analysis of interviews with 45 people involved in the fire response. We then identified nine distinct themes critical to implementing an emergency response that includes biodiversity conservation concerns and successful planning and execution of interventions: political will, social expectations, collaborative leadership, data acquisition and use, funding, resources, communication, training, and reflection and incorporation. We further evaluated reports and documents describing the implemented interventions and their expected ecological or policy outcomes. Combining our findings with the Multiple Streams Framework approach, we developed a conceptual model demonstrating how the Black Summer fires simultaneously opened a policy window for biodiversity conservation action and revealed the importance of pre-existing networks, resource flows, and adaptive governance for translating emergency-driven political attention into biodiversity emergency management.</p>","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":" ","pages":"e70382"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148863765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment on \"Extent of threats to marine fish from the online aquarium trade in the United States\" by Lin et al. (2025).","authors":"Monica V Biondo, Ricardo Calado","doi":"10.1111/cobi.70380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.70380","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":" ","pages":"e70380"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148863784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal integration of diurnal and nocturnal interactions enhances the robustness of plant-pollinator networks.","authors":"Yangyang Zhao, Chuan Yan","doi":"10.1111/cobi.70377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.70377","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Global pollinator declines necessitate a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms that underpin the stability of plant-pollinator networks. However, ecological network research has historically been biased toward diurnal species, neglecting how nocturnal interactions influence overall stability. To address this gap, we compiled a comprehensive dataset of 23 multilayer pollination networks, modeling diel networks as two temporal layers, diurnal and nocturnal, connected by shared plant species globally. We revealed an asymmetric structure between the two layers. The diurnal layer was more species rich and accounted for a greater proportion of core-core interactions, whereas the nocturnal layer exhibited a greater proportion of periphery pollinators and interactions. Crucially, compared with either isolated layer, the integration of these layers into a full diel network generated emergent properties, including higher relative nestedness and significantly greater robustness to pollinator extinctions (under random extinctions, mean diel plant/pollination robustness was 72.6%/47.4% [vs. 68.6%/44.9% diurnal and 62.3%/44.0% nocturnal]; when species were removed by PageRank versatility, these two values reached 88.8%/68.4% [vs. 83.4%/63.2% diurnal and 77.4%/58.7% nocturnal]; and when removed by degree versatility, they reached 87.3%/68.7% [vs. 82.5%/63.3% diurnal and 75.2%/58.9% nocturnal]). This finding was underpinned by a structure of temporal continuity, where shared diel plants acted as core hubs, demonstrating high versatility and low modular adjustability, thereby stabilizing the community across the 24-h cycle. Furthermore, robustness was primarily driven by connectance, whereas multilayer modularity surprisingly showed a significant negative effect, suggesting strong compartmentalization can limit critical compensatory dynamics across modules. Our findings established that the integration of diurnal and nocturnal interactions is a key determinant of pollination network robustness. Therefore, conservation strategies must adopt a full 24-h perspective, prioritizing the protection of core diel plants to safeguard ecosystem resilience under anthropogenic pressure.</p>","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":" ","pages":"e70377"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148825760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A framework for integrating resilience indicators into risk assessments.","authors":"Benoît Pichon, Sophie Donnet, Isabelle Gounand, Madhur Anand, Sonia Kéfi","doi":"10.1111/cobi.70379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.70379","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Globally, ecosystems are increasingly threatened by climate change and human pressures, yet ecosystem risk assessments predominantly emphasize exposure to stressors while overlooking intrinsic ecosystem resilience-the capacity to absorb and recover from disturbances. We advocate for an integrated framework that explicitly incorporates resilience into ecosystem risk assessments. Through a co-citation analysis on risk assessment and resilience literature for drylands, we identified a persistent disconnect between resilience research and desertification risk assessments. We then developed a framework for integrating resilience indicators into these risk assessments to capture the ability of the vegetation to respond to disturbances. We illustrated such integration using a global dataset of dryland sites to show how accounting for resilience reshapes our understanding of desertification risk by identifying the most fragile areas showing signs of low resilience while experiencing faster changes in climate conditions. Finally, we identified the opportunities and limitations to upscaling this framework at larger scale. By bridging theoretical resilience science and applied risk assessments, our framework offers a conceptual and practical foundation for identifying dryland areas most at risk, thereby supporting proactive management in a warming, drying world.</p>","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":" ","pages":"e70379"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148825845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing screening outcomes for private sector nature-related assessments based on national and global biodiversity datasets.","authors":"Takuya Nomura, Luke Kelly, Andrew Skowno, Emily Nicholson","doi":"10.1111/cobi.70368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.70368","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In response to demand for better biodiversity stewardship from the private sector, frameworks such as the Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures (TNFD) have been developed to help companies assess, manage, and disclose their nature-related impacts, dependencies, risks, and opportunities. A key initial screening step is to identify operations in ecologically sensitive areas. This step is often conducted using global datasets that are readily available and consistent but may be less accurate than national data informed by local expertise and conditions. In this study, we explored the implications of using global versus national biodiversity datasets for identifying ecologically sensitive sites at large scales, using South Africa as a case study. We simulated a screening process by generating sites through stratified random sampling and screened these based on three TNFD criteria for ecologically sensitive sites: biodiversity importance, high ecosystem integrity, and rapid decline in ecosystem integrity. We compared results from multiple global and national datasets, calculating omission errors, where global datasets omit sites identified by national data, and commission errors, where global datasets flag sites as sensitive but national data do not. We found global datasets missed over 39% of areas important for biodiversity, as identified by national datasets. Such omission errors risk ongoing biodiversity loss because sites omitted at early screening stages are unlikely to have resources allocated for conservation or restoration. Our findings suggest a cautious use of global datasets, with an emphasis on encouraging the use of national datasets, particularly when fine-scale, field-validated, and frequently updated data are available.</p>","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":" ","pages":"e70368"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148812162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protected areas on international borders show uneven conservation outcomes.","authors":"Rachakonda Sreekar, Hoong Chen Teo, Tiantian Zhang, Jiajia Liu, Aakash Lamba, Jun Ying Lim, Lian Pin Koh, Sean Jing Wen Ng, Janice Ser Huay Lee, James E M Watson, Yiwen Zeng","doi":"10.1111/cobi.70373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.70373","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Border protected areas (BPAs) are national protected areas that are immediately adjacent to a country's border or span two or more countries; they are characterized by distinctive opportunities and pressures. They play a critical role in protecting carbon-rich ecosystems, conserving endangered biodiversity, reducing cross-border environmental threats, and promoting peace and cooperation. At the same time, compared with other protected areas within the same country, BPAs may be particularly vulnerable to asymmetric enforcement, cross-border leakage, conflict, and weak institutional coordination. Using a pixel-level propensity score matching approach, we conducted the first global assessment of forest loss in BPAs relative to counterfactuals in nonborder protected areas within the same country. We found that compared with nonborder protected areas, most BPAs (81%) experienced lower or similar forest loss rates, preventing the loss of 112,036 ha of forest and ∼3.69 MtCO₂e/year in emissions between 2013 and 2022. However, the remaining 19% of BPAs experienced significantly higher forest loss than their counterfactuals, resulting in the loss of 87,657 ha and additional emissions of ∼2.85 MtCO₂e/year. Importantly, BPA underperformance was not driven solely by lower border protection feasibility as larger reserve size and closer proximity to urban centers were also associated with higher forest loss. Drivers of forest loss in underperforming BPAs varied regionally: agriculture expansion dominated in Africa and Asia; regulatory mismatches in timber regulations were most important in Europe; and wildfire risk was a key factor in North America. We further identified mainland Southeast Asia and the Congo Basin as urgent border conservation hotspots, where high deforestation pressure threatens both endangered species and carbon-rich forests. Thus, BPA underperformance is geographically concentrated and not pervasive. Targeted regional interventions would enhance cross-border cooperation, mobilize sustainable financing, and strengthen governance structures, while also facilitating the effective integration of BPAs into global biodiversity and climate policy frameworks.</p>","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":" ","pages":"e70373"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148808327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk reduction, rangeland use, and the future of human-carnivore coexistence.","authors":"Craig Packer","doi":"10.1111/cobi.70375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.70375","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Efforts to reduce livestock losses to large carnivores are widely regarded as essential for promoting human-carnivore coexistence. Predator-proof enclosures, compensation programs, improved livestock guarding, and real-time predator alert systems can reduce depredation and retaliatory killing while enhancing pastoralist livelihoods. However, reducing livestock production risks may also alter livestock management decisions in ways that increase grazing pressure or reshape land-use patterns. I applied insights from moral hazard theory, rebound effects, and common-pool resource governance to examine how carnivore conflict mitigation interventions may influence pastoral land use and long-term conservation outcomes. Reduced predation risk may encourage herd expansion, higher stocking densities, or spatial expansion into areas previously avoided because of carnivore presence. Although such responses may improve household resilience, they may also increase competition for forage with wild herbivores, intensify habitat degradation, or shift conflict spatially rather than eliminate it. Because durable coexistence requires accounting for the broader incentives created by successful risk reduction, I developed a framework integrating carnivore conflict mitigation with grazing management, ecological monitoring, and livelihood diversification.</p>","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":" ","pages":"e70375"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148789302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}