Conservation Biology最新文献

{"title":"Conservation gaps for threatened ungulates in China under human disturbance and climate change.","authors":"Chao Zhang, Yumei Li, Xiaoyu Hu, Haoyang Wang, Zexuan Gao, Yonggang Nie","doi":"10.1111/cobi.70014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.70014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The identification of priority areas and conservation gaps in existing protected areas (PAs) is crucial for conservation of globally threatened species. However, understanding of conservation priorities is generally based on species richness and endemism, often overlooking evolutionary histories, species' functional roles, and the dynamics of all diversity indices relative to human impacts and future climate change. We analyzed the multiple diversity patterns of threatened ungulates in China at a 0.1° resolution under current and future climate scenarios and developed a more comprehensive framework for identifying priority conservation areas. Gross domestic product (GDP), human footprint index (HFP), land use, and climate had the greatest effect on distributions of threatened ungulates. The different facets of biodiversity and their dynamics were inconsistently represented across high-priority conservation areas. Existing PAs poorly represented priority areas based on the 5% highest values for the diversity indices we considered. Coverage of priority areas by PAs ranged from 28.8% to 30.4% under the current scenario alone and under a combination of the current scenario and 2 future scenarios. Only 21.5-22.2% of priority areas in eastern China were covered by PAs under all the scenarios, whereas >91.8% of the areas were threatened by high levels of human impacts. We identified gaps in areas of high priority for conservation of threatened ungulates and PAs in urgent need of strengthening. Our results highlight the importance of considering multiple dimensions of diversity when identifying priority areas for threatened species.</p>","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":" ","pages":"e70014"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143691390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conservation-focused mapping of avian migratory routes using a pan-European automated telemetry network.","authors":"Lucy Mitchell, Vera Brust, Thiemo Karwinkel, Susanne Åkesson, Dmitry Kishkinev, Gabriel Norevik, Tibor Szep, Anders Hedenström, Sander Lagerveld, Barbara Helm, Heiko Schmaljohann","doi":"10.1111/cobi.70017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.70017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Accelerated biodiversity loss has destabilized functional links within and between ecosystems. Species that cross different ecosystems during migration between breeding and nonbreeding sites are particularly sensitive to global change because they are exposed to various, often ecosystem-specific, threats. Because these threats have lethal and nonlethal effects on populations, many migratory species are declining, making this group especially vulnerable to global change. To mitigate their decline, research at a continental and flyway scale is required to adequately monitor changes in the migratory and demographic processes of populations during all parts of the annual cycle. The Motus Wildlife Tracking System (Motus) could provide a solution to data gaps that exist for small, migratory species. Motus is an automated telemetry system for animal tracking that uses a single very-high-frequency radio signal to track tagged individuals. Motus can provide information on movements made by individuals of small migrant species, thereby aiding the understanding of aspects of their migration that could affect demographic parameters. Conservation-focused research opportunities related to Motus include identification of critical stopover sites that support and connect multiple species and insight into migratory decisions in small migrant birds related to environmental stressors, such as artificial light at night. Examples of stopover studies from the existing network that demonstrate its utility include identification of a high-conservation-value stopover area for the blackpoll warbler (Setophaga striata) in the eastern United States. Geographical gaps in the network across the Mediterranean region and across eastern Europe need to be filled to track continent-wide movements. Motus can provide individual-level migration information for a variety of small-bodied taxa, and a drive to expand the network will improve its ability to direct conservation plans for such species.</p>","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":" ","pages":"e70017"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143691391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences in predictions of marine species distribution models based on expert maps and opportunistic occurrences.","authors":"Zhixin Zhang, Jamie M Kass, Ákos Bede-Fazekas, Stefano Mammola, Junmei Qu, Jorge García Molinos, Jiqi Gu, Hongwei Huang, Meng Qu, Ying Yue, Geng Qin, Qiang Lin","doi":"10.1111/cobi.70015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.70015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Species distribution models (SDMs) are important tools for assessing biodiversity change. These models require high-quality occurrence data, which are not always available. Therefore, it is increasingly important to determine how data choice affects predictions of species' ranges. Opportunistic occurrence records and expert maps are both widely used sources of species data for SDMs. However, it is unclear how SDMs based on these data differ in performance, particularly for the marine realm. We built SDMs for 233 marine fish species from 2 families with these 2 occurrence data types and compared their performances and potential distribution predictions. Opportunistic occurrences were sourced from field surveys in the South China Sea and online repositories and expert maps from the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List database. We used generalized linear models to explore drivers of differences in prediction between the 2 model types. When projecting to distinct regions with no occurrence data, models calibrated using opportunistic occurrences performed better than those using expert maps, indicating better transferability to new environments. Differences in marine predictor values between the 2 data types accounted for the dissimilarity in model predictions, likely because expert maps included large areas with unsuitable environmental conditions. Dissimilarity levels among fish families differed, suggesting a taxonomic bias in biodiversity data between data sources. Our findings highlight the sensitivity of species distribution predictions to the choice of distributional data. Although expert maps have an important role in biodiversity modeling, we suggest researchers assess the accuracy of these maps and reduce commission errors based on knowledge of target species.</p>","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":" ","pages":"e70015"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143691395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An evaluation of important plant areas around the world.","authors":"Laura Kor, Fiona Perez, Karen Inwood, Iain Darbyshire, Mauricio Diazgranados","doi":"10.1111/cobi.70013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.70013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Area-based approaches have long dominated biodiversity conservation and have been reinforced by the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. The important plant area (IPA) approach is a leading framework for the spatial conservation prioritization of plants and fungi, but over 20 years since its launch, its application and conservation outcomes remained unevaluated. Through systematic mapping and semistructured interviews of key informants, we evaluated IPAs globally. We investigated where and how the framework has been applied, to what extent identification has led to plant conservation, how IPAs are perceived by plant conservationists and researchers globally, and key opportunities and challenges for IPAs. We reviewed over 140 relevant sources, spanning scientific publications, reports, websites, and databases, and interviewed 47 key informants. Most publications focused on developing guidance or identifying IPAs. Sixty-four percent of informants were aware of IPAs that had been incorporated into conservation processes, with broader benefits of IPAs also highlighted, such as generating botanical data. Overall perception of IPAs was positive; they were seen to provide a unifying focus for plant conservation and as maintaining a flexible and inclusive approach. Opinions were split on the effectiveness of IPA programs in engaging broader stakeholders or incorporating local ecological knowledge. Key themes affecting participant perceptions and lessons learned for bridging the research-implementation gap were found. Informants recommended that IPA programs globally seek more ambitious and targeted funding; tailor stakeholder communications; invest time in cross-sectoral stakeholder engagement; clarify relationships with key biodiversity areas; and create a single central hub for IPA information. With plants underpinning all terrestrial ecosystems, improved outcomes will have broad benefits for biodiversity protection, particularly as new IPA programs are launched in some of the most biodiverse countries in the world.</p>","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":" ","pages":"e70013"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143604200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complex relationship between soil fungi and conservation value assessments in boreal forests.","authors":"Julia Kyaschenko, Louis Mielke, Mari Jönsson, Anne-Maarit Hekkala, Simon Kärvemo, Jörgen Sjögren, Karina E Clemmensen, Joachim Strengbom","doi":"10.1111/cobi.70012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.70012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Large-scale industrial forestry is a threat to biodiversity and imposes long-lasting changes to many forested biomes. Preserving forests as reserves is an important component of the strategy for safeguarding forest biodiversity. Yet, the selection of forests of high biodiversity value is usually based on proxies (i.e., subsets of aboveground habitat characteristics) rather than on direct assessments of species occurrences. This approach is based on the assumption that the diversity and community composition of all organism groups are well represented by the assessed habitat characteristics. We investigated how conservation value, assessed according to common practices based on aboveground habitat heterogeneity, corresponded to the abundance, richness, and community composition of 12 taxonomic and ecological groups of soil fungi across northern and southern Swedish forests. Overall, the assessed conservation value reflected the abundance, diversity, and community composition of deadwood-associated saprotrophs well, likely because they depend directly on the availability of the structures that the assessment is based on. However, the conservation assessment value failed to capture the overall variability for most of the soil-dwelling fungal guilds. Although the assessed value was positively associated with the diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungi, root-associated Ascomycota, and saprotrophic Basidiomycota in the southern region, no such association was evident in the northern region. Soil fertility was the best predictor of the variation in community composition in all fungal guilds. The relative abundance and diversity of most saprotrophic guilds increased as soil fertility increased, whereas root-associated guilds decreased as soil fertility increased. Current methods for assessing conservation value captured only specific subsets of soil fungi, and the predictability of capturing fungal diversity varied depending on the region. To more comprehensively preserve soil fungi, assessment methods should incorporate additional environmental parameters, especially those linked to fungal community composition, such as soil fertility.</p>","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":" ","pages":"e70012"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143604215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Setting goals for pollinator gardens.","authors":"Nicholas N Dorian, Atticus W Murphy, Amy M Iler, Paul J CaraDonna","doi":"10.1111/cobi.70009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.70009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, declines in animal pollinators have stimulated tremendous interest in pollinator-friendly gardening. There is a widespread notion that pollinator gardens are beneficial, but the specific capacity of pollinator gardens to improve biodiversity conservation and societal well-being remains unclear. We argue that setting clear ecological and social goals can clarify the value of pollinator gardens for both pollinators and people. Effective goals will articulate specific, quantifiable, and realistic endpoints across scales of biological organization. Opportunities and challenges for setting goals will vary across landscape contexts, cultural systems, stakeholder values, and geographic regions. In community-based pollinator projects, harnessing the potential of gardens to improve outcomes requires an evidence-based, iterative process involving identifying shared values, defining specific goals and measurable indicators, proposing straightforward interventions, monitoring progress, and evaluating success, including adaptive management if success is not met. These ideas provide ecologists and conservation practitioners with a practical framework for how to channel the swell of enthusiasm for pollinator gardening and, more generally, community-driven conservation efforts in dynamic socioecological systems toward measurable impacts on biodiversity and people.</p>","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":" ","pages":"e70009"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143604221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"International consensus principles for the sustainable harvest of polar bears.","authors":"Eric V Regehr, Erik M Andersen, Melissa P Galicia, Samuel A Iverson, Lindsey S Mangipane, Evan S Richardson, Fernando Ugarte, Susannah P Woodruff","doi":"10.1111/cobi.70010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.70010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Multilateral agreements are required for the effective management of large carnivores with ranges that cross geopolitical boundaries. This is particularly important for species subject to rapid changes in distribution or demographic status due to climate warming. We considered 3 international consensus principles for the sustainable harvest of polar bears (Ursus maritimus), a circumpolar species threatened by sea-ice loss and harvested by Indigenous Peoples for subsistence. First, we defined a biologically sustainable harvest as one that occurs at a rate likely to maintain subpopulation abundance above maximum net productivity level. Second, we determined the type of scientific assessment needed to identify a sustainable harvest, which includes synthesizing or collecting information on habitat conditions, spatial population structure, and human-caused removals and conducting a field study to estimate ecological indices or demographic parameters. Third, we delineated the components of a sustainable harvest management regime, which include implementing harvest at a biologically sustainable rate, having the ability to monitor and adjust harvest levels, and following a state-dependent management approach. The consensus principles are supported by the 5 nations with polar bears (Canada, Greenland, Norway, Russia, and the United States) under an international treaty. They are designed to provide consistent guidance while allowing different jurisdictions the flexibility to tailor harvest strategies to their situations. Adapting similar principles to other systems could help mitigate the global conservation crisis for large carnivores.</p>","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":" ","pages":"e70010"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143540463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A tiered assessment framework for interregional flows of ecosystem services from migratory species.","authors":"D J Semmens, K J Bagstad, J J Derbridge, J E Diffendorfer, W E Thogmartin, B J Mattsson, A Lien, C C Chester, J A Dubovsky, L López-Hoffman","doi":"10.1111/cobi.70008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.70008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services has called for assessments explicitly accounting for interregional flows of ecosystem services (ESs) across geographic scales. An important type of interregional ES flow is generated by the long-distance movements of migratory species. Many migratory species provide important benefits to people, and due to migration dynamics, ESs provided in one location may be affected by habitat conservation, or lack thereof, in other locations. The state of the science on interregional flows of ESs from migratory species, however, is nascent and lacks structure needed to consistently characterize flows. We developed a 4-tiered system for categorizing assessments and the conclusions they can support based on 4 levels of ecological and socioeconomic information, ranging from incomplete to high, and how they are combined. The 4 tiers of assessment are based on differing levels of detail in the estimation of system-level ecological and socioeconomic information on a species and the services it provides: telecoupled ESs, qualitative flows, quantitative static flows, and quantitative dynamic flows. Recent assessment studies largely fall within the first tier, which does not quantify flows. Socioeconomic and ecological information are needed to achieve each tier. Our framework can be used to identify and classify a range of methods, with varying time and data requirements, that can be used to maximize the information content and relevance of ES assessments for migratory species based on available resources.</p>","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":" ","pages":"e70008"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143540448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of road density on regional food webs.","authors":"F Mestre, V A G Bastazini, F Ascensão","doi":"10.1111/cobi.70007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.70007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Roads stand as major threats to biodiversity because they affect the functioning of ecosystems and the provision of ecosystem services. Understanding how the effects of roads affect the dynamics of ecological interactions is essential to managing human impacts on biodiversity, but such studies are few. We investigated species vulnerability to road density and effects of road density on food webs across Europe. Using species-specific road density thresholds, beyond which local populations may not persist, and trophic interaction data (predator-prey interactions), we constructed regional food webs to assess the potential loss of trophic interactions due to roadkill. We analyzed data on 551 species across top, intermediate, and basal trophic levels. Effects of roads varied spatially. In areas near major cities, species lost >90% of their trophic interactions. We found 191 species that were affected by loss of prey or predators. Apex predators exhibited lower direct impacts from road density than predators at lower trophic levels, and basal-level species seemed more exposed to direct road-related effects (roadkill), which could trigger a cascade of interaction disruptions. Our findings emphasize the need for informed road infrastructure development and targeted conservation strategies to mitigate the negative impacts of roads and traffic and thereby preserve the integrity of ecological networks. Our identification of critical areas where road-induced cascade effects may be most pronounced and of groups of species that may be at higher risk from roads can inform policy and conservation planning.</p>","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":" ","pages":"e70007"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143540462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of Key Biodiversity Areas in representing global avian diversity.","authors":"Tom P Lansley, Olivia Crowe, Stuart H M Butchart, David P Edwards, Gavin H Thomas","doi":"10.1111/cobi.70000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.70000","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs) are the largest and most complete network of significant sites for the global persistence of biodiversity. Although important sites for birds worldwide have been relatively well assessed, a key question is how effectively the global KBA network represents avian diversity. We identified bird species, orders, habitats, and geographic regions that are underrepresented by KBAs. Area of Habitat (AOH) maps for 10,517 terrestrial bird species were cropped and masked by the extent of each KBA. Almost all species had at least one part of their seasonal distribution in one or more KBAs. Twenty-nine species had no habitat overlap with KBAs, and 1900 species had <8% of their AOH overlapping KBAs. Species with KBAs identified for them (5219 trigger species) had on average 2.6% greater representation of their AOH in KBAs than species that did not. The extent of species' AOH represented by KBAs varied with region, habitat, and taxonomic group. Northern North America had the most underrepresented terrestrial bird species (up to 178 underrepresented species per 100 km²). Terrestrial bird species of tropical forests were 12.8% better represented in KBAs than expected by chance, whereas boreal and temperate forest species were less well represented than expected by chance (74.4% and 25.1%, respectively). Among avian orders, Anseriformes and Charadriiformes were underrepresented in KBAs (29.0% and 17.9%, respectively), whereas Trogoniformes and Psittaciformes were better represented (16.2% and 6.9%, respectively) than expected by chance. Bird species for potential KBA identification include marsh antwren (Formicivora paludicola) and Tabar pitta (Erythropitta splendida). These are mainly due to recent changes in species' taxonomy or their International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List category. Identifying poorly represented species and where they occur highlights shortfalls where expansion of the network could bring conservation benefits.</p>","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":" ","pages":"e70000"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143540449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}