Conservation Biology最新文献

{"title":"Key drivers of at-vessel mortality in demersal sharks.","authors":"David Ruiz-García, Claudio Barría, Juan A Raga, David March","doi":"10.1111/cobi.70100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.70100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chondrichthyans are highly vulnerable to fisheries overexploitation, and postcapture mortality poses a significant threat to most species. Global bycatch mitigation guidelines recommend adopting hierarchical decision-making approaches tailored to species-specific vulnerabilities and socioeconomic and regulatory contexts. Effective implementation of such strategies requires robust understanding of the factors driving vulnerability to postcapture mortality. To address this need, we developed a machine learning method to identify key drivers of at-vessel mortality (AVM) based on a broad set of biological, environmental, and fishing-related parameters. We sought to reveal interactions among predictors, nonlinear responses between these variables and mortality risk, and threshold values beyond which the likelihood of mortality increased markedly. We applied this approach to trawl bycatch data on small-spotted catshark (Scyliorhinus canicula) and blackmouth catshark (Galeus melastomus) in the western Mediterranean. Body size, air temperature, and on-deck time emerged as the primary AVM drivers. Mortality risk increased substantially at temperatures above 20°C for S. canicula and 16°C for G. melastomus, with on-deck exposure exceeding 15 min, and when body size was below 40 and 55 cm, respectively. Identification of these drivers and thresholds provides valuable insights for bycatch mitigation; can inform strategies for more threatened, closely related, or physiologically and ecologically similar species; and may support management authorities in adopting targeted bycatch avoidance strategies, gear selectivity, and mortality reduction measures. Such measures can be tailored to specimens, areas, and periods of heightened mortality risk to maximize effectiveness. Furthermore, our scalable modeling approach offers a robust tool for identifying critical AVM drivers across regions and species, and its applicability can be extended to broader fisheries management and global conservation efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":" ","pages":"e70100"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144552531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vulnerability of tropical fish communities across depth in the central Indian Ocean.","authors":"Paris V Stefanoudis, Nina M de Villiers, Mariyam Shidha Afzal, Hana Amir, Farah Amjad, Aminath Shaha Hashim, Ahmed Riyaz Jauharee, Ryan Palmer, Alex D Rogers, Mohamed Shimal, Shafiya Naeem, Mohamed Ahusan, Lucy C Woodall","doi":"10.1111/cobi.70085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.70085","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Coral reefs and their fish communities below scuba diving depth (>30 m), in mesophotic coral ecosystems (MCEs) (∼30-150 m), in rariphotic (150-300 m), and in upper bathyal waters (300-500 m) are often underexplored, especially in the Indian Ocean. The paucity of data, including on the biodiversity, ecology, and vulnerability of these habitats and the communities they support, leads to their omission from most conservation and management decisions and practices. We investigated for the first time the structure and diversity (taxonomic and functional) of demersal fish communities from the central and southern atolls of the Maldives, spanning a wide bathymetric gradient of 2-500 m to better understand whether and how their vulnerability changes across depth. Abundance and biomass data from transect surveys of demersal fishes were combined with species' trait data representing life histories to estimate a series of taxonomic-based and functional-based diversity metrics. Distinct fish communities occurred across the different surveyed depths, highlighting the unique biological characteristics of MCEs and deep-sea coral habitats in the Indian Ocean. Taxonomic and functional diversity decreased as depth increased, and there was little overlap between species' life-history strategies. This suggests deep habitats are more vulnerable than shallow habitats to disturbance events given low levels of trait redundancy that buffer species' trait loss. Moreover, many fishes living in MCE and deep-sea habitats were among the most functionally unique species (e.g., sharks and rays) and all were threatened with extinction. Given the suite of pressures MCEs and deep-sea habitats are subjected to (fishing, thermal stress, pollution), their vulnerability to disturbance, and the species of conservation concern they support, we suggest they should be considered as priorities in ongoing and future conservation and marine spatial planning initiatives in the region and globally.</p>","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":" ","pages":"e70085"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144552534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using lessons from criminal justice research to improve conservation law enforcement research and practice.","authors":"Freya A V St John, Leejiah Dorward, Harriet Ibbett, Martina Feilzer","doi":"10.1111/cobi.70094","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cobi.70094","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Urgency to save species from extinction has prompted increased investment in law enforcement in protected areas. To date, such law enforcement has largely focused on increasing costs and reducing opportunities for offending. However, these resource-intensive approaches are not always effective and can contribute to conflict between people and conservation authorities, undermining human well-being and conservation goals. Drawing on criminal justice research, we considered how procedural justice theory-which examines how fair process and the perceived legitimacy of rules and enforcers influence behavior- could enhance understanding of compliance dynamics and complement existing law enforcement approaches, particularly in addressing low-level noncompliance in protected areas. We also explored how principles of procedural justice have been incorporated in general policing and outlined challenges and opportunities to integrating this approach into conservation law enforcement. We considered key opportunity-based (e.g., routine activity theory) and actor-based frameworks (e.g., deterrence theory) underpinning most protected areaenforcement. We then focused on procedural justice theory and the role of legitimacy in encouraging compliance. Evidence from general policing shows that when enforcers treat citizens fairly, listen, and make decisions objectively, they gain trust and legitimacy. In turn, people are more inclined to comply with laws and cooperate with enforcers. Procedural fairness can be implemented during encounters by embracing 4 pillars: neutrality, voice, respect, and trustworthiness. Outlining challenges of integrating this approach in conservation law enforcement, we highlight the need to address limited public trust in state authority and other factors including working conditions of enforcers. Alongside ensuring the integrity and accountability of conservation law enforcement, we argue that embedding principles of procedural fairness into interactions between enforcers and citizens could reduce low-level noncompliance. Success, however, requires conservation law enforcement to be reconceptualized by placing procedural fairness and legitimacy on a more equal footing with deterrence in research and practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":" ","pages":"e70094"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7617914/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144552533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying potentially suitable and accessible refugia to mitigate impacts of an emerging disease on a rare tree.","authors":"Sarah M Herbert, Stephanie A Tomscha, Hao Ran Lai, Rubianca Benavidez, Colan G Balkwill, Pearl R Ruston, Bethanna Jackson, Julie R Deslippe","doi":"10.1111/cobi.70088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.70088","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Identifying refugia from emerging threats is vital to ensure the persistence of rare and threatened species, but modeling habitat distribution for these species is challenging and the role of people in refuge management is rarely considered. Myrtle rust is an emerging infectious disease that represents a grave threat to the rare wetland tree species maire tawake (Syzygium maire) in Aotearoa New Zealand. We combined high-resolution hydrological modeling with integrated species distribution modeling of new and existing S. maire records to identify the extent of habitat in the capital city region available for conservation management. We mapped 2 myrtle rust infection risk scenarios throughout the region to identify areas of relatively low disease risk and used distance of S. maire habitat to the nearest road as a proxy for human accessibility to the area. We identified 1230 km² of S. maire habitat (waterlogged areas) in the region. In these areas, 1-52 km² were the most feasible for conservation because they were predicted to support high relative abundances of S. maire, were accessible by road, and offered lower disease risk. However, protecting trees only in low-risk or accessible refugia was predicted by the species distribution model (SDM) to be insufficient to maintain the regional population as the myrtle rust pandemic proceeds. Our highly local approach to refugia modeling enabled rapid collection of new records of a rare species for species distribution modeling and access to high-resolution topographical data for hydrological modeling. However, limitations to understanding the biophysical limits of myrtle rust and S. maire included model-based constraints on inference, poor spatial precision of historical species records, insufficient information on groundwater drainage, and uncertainty in quantifying disease risk. The success of regional conservation efforts for this species will likely depend on human intervention to increase S. maire occupancy in low-risk habitats and to manage myrtle rust. We therefore recommend leveraging human-nature interactions in areas to create, expand, and protect habitat for rare species in a rapidly changing world.</p>","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":" ","pages":"e70088"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144526673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Demand for small- and large-ranged reptiles in worldwide wildlife trade.","authors":"Songqi Zhang, Shai Meiri, Marcel Holyoak, Jiang Wang, Yanping Wang, Chuanwu Chen","doi":"10.1111/cobi.70095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.70095","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wildlife trade poses a major threat to biodiversity, yet the drivers determining which species are traded are not fully understood. Through a comprehensive collection of official and online trade data, we applied a binomial test to identify families that contain an unexpectedly large or small number of traded species. We also analyzed which factors predispose reptile species to be traded and explored whether traded species were more likely to be threatened with extinction. Of the 10,919 reptile species in our dataset, 3889 species (35.6%) were traded. There was strong evidence for taxonomic biases in trade risk. In particular, all turtle and crocodilian families had higher trade risk than other reptiles. Species with large body sizes, habitat generalists, insular endemics, and those found in regions with high gross domestic product were traded in greater quantities and more frequently. Species with small and large ranges were more frequently involved in trade, suggesting a demand for rare and common species in wildlife trade. When connecting trade risk to extinction risk, data-deficient and not-evaluated species had fewer traded species and were less likely to be traded than threatened or nonthreatened ones. Nonetheless, these species warrant special conservation attention considering their rarity, limited range size, and insufficient legal protection. Given the increased attention given to wildlife trade, we suggest implementing stronger regulatory measures to monitor and control the trade of reptile species, particularly those belonging to families with a high risk of being traded. Efforts should also prioritize the protection of species exhibiting traits that make them highly susceptible to exploitation. Finally, promoting international collaboration for stricter enforcement of wildlife trade regulations and support of sustainable trade practices can help mitigate the negative impacts on biodiversity.</p>","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":" ","pages":"e70095"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144474172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forest fire smoke as a threat to the health of river dolphins.","authors":"Enzo Aliaga-Rossel, David Edinger, Miriam Marmontel, Luis Guizada Duran, Andreas Fahlman","doi":"10.1111/cobi.70098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.70098","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":" ","pages":"e70098"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144474173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improvements for better scaling of locally managed marine areas.","authors":"Emily Lewis-Brown, Hope Beatty, Katrina Davis, Ando Rabearisoa, Jeannot Ramiaramanana, Robert M Ewers, Morena Mills","doi":"10.1111/cobi.70091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.70091","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To protect and restore ecosystems at the speed and scale required to meet current environmental challenges, a greater understanding of how conservation initiatives spread from existing to new adopters is required. According to the diffusion of innovation theory, positive adopter-to-peer communication is a powerful driver of innovation spread, whereas negative communications hinder innovation spread. Aware of this, businesses regularly survey customers and respond accordingly to maximize company growth. Therefore, we used 2 consumer satisfaction research measures commonly used by businesses, importance-performance analysis (IPA), which measures performance on metrics that are most important to customers, and net promoter score (NPS), which measures likely spread through positive referrals, to study satisfaction among adopters of locally managed marine areas (LMMAs) in northeastern Madagascar. Our results identified 4 attributes of LMMAs that adopters viewed as important but rated as worsening over time (funding and livestock provided by a nongovernmental organization, conflict in the village, and connections with others). Adopters considered control over resources and fisheries restrictions important and high performing. Villagers rated their quality of life since adopting LMMAs positively on average, but NPS returned a negative result overall and a strongly negative score for nonleaders. Our findings can be used to improve the design and management of LMMAs, inform pre- and postproject impact assessments to minimize negative impacts from conservation initiatives, and increase the spread of conservation initiatives. More broadly, this study presents a novel outlook for increasing the adoption of conservation initiatives by framing adopters of conservation initiatives as akin to customers whose perceptions of conservation initiatives matter inherently and because of their power to influence the spread of conservation initiatives.</p>","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":" ","pages":"e70091"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144332604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community-informed and codesigned research to understand the impacts of railways on wildlife.","authors":"Kyle D Vincent, Jacqueline D Litzgus, Steven J Kell, Cory L Kozmik, Angela Belleau, Jesse N Popp","doi":"10.1111/cobi.70089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.70089","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Trains cause mortalities of several animal species, but the ecological impacts of railways are understudied. Most research on wildlife-train collisions has focused on large mammals, but understanding railway-specific risks for underrepresented taxa, especially vulnerable species, is important for developing effective mitigation strategies. Based on the concerns and interests of 2 Anishinaabek communities-Shawanaga First Nation (SFN) and Magnetawan First Nation (MFN)-we collaboratively aimed to fill knowledge gaps with a community-informed approach in which Indigenous knowledge (IK) and Western science were used to investigate wildlife interactions with railways bisecting the 2 Traditional Territories in Ontario, Canada. To inform study design, First Nation community members were invited to share knowledge concerning wildlife-railway impacts in semistructured interviews. Weekly walking surveys were conducted in 3 field seasons along two 3.6-km sections of railway in SFN and MFN during which locations of all wildlife observed alive or dead were recorded. We also deployed game cameras at 500-m intervals along the railway survey areas. On walking surveys, we recorded 462 observations of individuals from 42 species, of which 76% were found dead. These findings complemented the shared IK that railways affect a wide variety of wildlife, often causing mortalities. Reptiles and amphibians were the most severely affected taxa, accounting for 87% of observed mortalities. Seven species at risk of extinction interacted with the railway, including 3 turtle species and one snake species, all of which were found dead on the railway tracks. Cameras recorded 43 wildlife species; most detections were of large and medium mammals, suggesting they frequently interact with the railway but may face lower mortality risks than herpetofauna in our study area. Ultimately, our study highlights the holistic outcomes that are possible through collaborative research that embraces complementary knowledge systems and indicates that reptile and amphibian populations may be particularly susceptible to railway mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":" ","pages":"e70089"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144332602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enabling conditions for conservation on Indigenous and community lands.","authors":"Stephanie Brittain, Andrea Alatorre, Leigh-Anne Bullough, Helen Newing","doi":"10.1111/cobi.70055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.70055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite increasing evidence and general acceptance in global environmental policy of the significant role of Indigenous Peoples and local communities (IP&LC) in biodiversity conservation and climate change mitigation, an implementation gap remains between global policy and how conservation plays out on the ground. One reason for this discrepancy may be the lack of a coherent evidence base on how best to support the contributions of IP&LC to conservation. Enabling conditions are often discussed in conservation policy, but the diverse factors that may enable or disable Indigenous and community conservation are frequently not considered in empirical studies of conservation outcomes. We explored the enabling conditions and ecological outcomes of conservation that are measured or reported in the literature on forested lands held by IP&LC and identified gaps and biases in the current knowledge base. We searched 3 bibliographic databases and screened the results for relevance against predefined inclusion criteria, reviewing 182 articles. Articles examined the effects of 20 enabling conditions on 11 ecological outcomes. The more frequently explored links were between the enabling conditions-governance and law and policy-and the outcomes-forest cover and forest quality. Key knowledge gaps were the impacts of enabling conditions on species-level outcomes and certain ecosystem services, such as soil and water quality and carbon sequestration. Priorities for future reviews include in-depth examinations of the linkages we identified and the quality of evidence that exists. Understanding how IP&LC can best be supported is a critical step in promoting rights-based approaches, as set out in the post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework.</p>","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":" ","pages":"e70055"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144332603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An invisible trade in imperiled guitarfishes.","authors":"Bryan L Huerta-Beltrán, J Marcus Drymon, Amanda E Jargowsky, Peter M Kyne, Nicole M Phillips","doi":"10.1111/cobi.70087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.70087","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":" ","pages":"e70087"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144301279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}