Conservation Biology最新文献

{"title":"Community-based timber comanagement and the boundaries of people-centered conservation in Brazil.","authors":"Ana Luiza Violato Espada, Karen A Kainer, Driss Ezzine-de-Blas","doi":"10.1111/cobi.70118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.70118","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Brazil's protected areas for sustainable use represent a massive shift in conservation policy that operationalizes the widespread global trend for governments to share resource management rights, responsibilities, and benefits with local communities via comanagement. ICMBio's Normative Instruction 16/2011 guides communities in comanagement of timber in the protected areas in which they live. We assessed this norm operationalization and governance in 7 timber comanagement projects in 3 Amazonian extractive reserves. We conducted 52 semistructured interviews with 39 community and 13 external actors who represented government, timber market operators, private forest service providers, and nongovernmental organizations. Interviews were complemented with archival research, participant observation over 15 months, and assessments of timber comanagement processes and outcomes in 5 community workshops. The state consistently fulfilled its administrative role to approve community forest management plans and subsequent annual timber operational plans. It approached its more ambiguous comanagement responsibilities on a case-by-case basis. When complementary and supportive external actors were part of timber comanagement decision-making, better organizational, operational, and socioeconomic outcomes ensued, particularly in cases with strong intracommunity organization. Where trusting partnerships were cultivated, community members and external actors reported more positive perceptions of timber comanagement processes and outcomes. We also found that different actors influenced active and horizontal community engagement in governance, management of conflicts, integration of local management know-how, and hybrid benefit-sharing that satisfied reserve residents. While our results illustrate timber comanagement complexities, insights extend well beyond operational timber technicalities, shedding light on comanagement pathways for other biodiversity products (e.g., fisheries, non-timber products) within sustainable use protected areas that epitomize people-centered conservation.</p>","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":" ","pages":"e70118"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144945777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Five principles to enhance conversations about conservation.","authors":"Daniel C Miller, Ivan R Scales, Michael B Mascia","doi":"10.1111/cobi.70134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.70134","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":" ","pages":"e70134"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144945750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights on the roles of women in effective and procedurally just environmental governance from coastal fisheries management in Fiji.","authors":"Caroline E Ferguson Irlanda, Sangeeta Mangubhai, Elisabeta Waqa, Hugh Govan, Arundhati Jagadish, Sarah E Lester, Morena Mills, Margaret Tabunakawai-Vakalalabure, Alifereti Tawake, Tanya O'Garra","doi":"10.1111/cobi.70121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.70121","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Conservationists and fisheries managers have historically focused somewhat narrowly on achieving environmental goals at the expense of environmental justice. We examined the links between the two in the context of coastal fisheries management in Fiji, a nation highly dependent on marine resources and with significant external conservation investment. We focused on procedural justice, an underexamined dimension of environmental justice, which is concerned with how decisions are made and by whom. We took an intersectional approach in that we considered individuals' multiple and interacting social identities with a focus on the roles of women. We examined the barriers to and benefits of women's and men's participation in fisheries management. We surveyed 655 key informants in 146 villages and conducted talanoa sessions (a Fijian research method) and 54 semistructured interviews in 4 of those villages. Women's participation was associated with numerous ecological and social benefits and an increase in support for fisheries management, yet their participation was very low. Women were more knowledgeable than men about the ocean, there was broad support for women's participation, and women's participation was critical for maintaining their access to fishing areas. However, restrictive gender norms and roles often limited women to token participation or no participation. This was especially true for young women and women who married into the village. Local women and men identified pathways to increasing women's participation, including the important role men can play in supporting women's voices. More generally, our results highlight the interconnection between achieving conservation and environmental goals and improving procedural environmental justice.</p>","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":" ","pages":"e70121"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144945724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the importance of prey, climate change, and human footprint for modeling current and future distribution of Leopardus guigna","authors":"Francisca Zamora-Cornejo,&nbsp;Daniela Lazo-Cancino,&nbsp;Reinaldo Rivera,&nbsp;Selim S. Musleh,&nbsp;Gabriela Paz Gómez González,&nbsp;Cristián E. Hernández,&nbsp;Enrique Rodríguez-Serrano","doi":"10.1111/cobi.70135","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cobi.70135","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Species distribution models based solely on climatic variables are limited in their ability to predict future geographic ranges. One way to overcome this difficulty is to incorporate biological variables relevant to the focal species and variables representing the anthropogenic effect in the study area. <i>Leopardus guigna</i> (güiña) is a charismatic and threatened feline species of southern South America. Based on climatic models, it has recently been proposed that up to 40% of its habitat will be lost shortly. We used ecological niche modeling to evaluate how climate change, anthropogenic pressure, and prey richness influence its distribution range. We used species occurrence records and 2 temporal windows (current and future) to generate distribution models applying the maximum entropy algorithm. <i>Leopardus guigna</i> habitat presence was influenced more by precipitation and prey species richness than by anthropogenic and other abiotic factors. Our results suggest that despite its sensitivity to changes in temperature and precipitation or potential vulnerability to future climate scenarios, güiña's predicted distribution change remains low. Therefore, it is important to consider not only climatic variables in the temporal dynamics of species distribution induced by phenomena, such as climate change and human footprint, but also variables involving biotic interactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":"39 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144945721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understandings and critiques of biocultural diversity conservation and future recommendations for conservation actors.","authors":"Natalie D L York","doi":"10.1111/cobi.70131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.70131","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As biocultural approaches to conservation gain traction (e.g., through international commitments to Indigenous Peoples and local communities) and external conservation actors increasingly seek to engage with on-the-ground holders of biocultural diversity, improved understanding is needed of what biocultural diversity means. Building on the foundation provided by Bridgewater and Rotherham, I appraised how biocultural diversity conservation has been framed and critiqued in the academic literature based on a thematic analysis of 95 papers. Biocultural diversity was understood through the concepts of biocultural diversity hotspots; Indigenous and local knowledge; cultural landscapes; the roles and rights of Indigenous Peoples and local communities; biocultural identity; and urban people-nature interactions. Four criticisms of the concept were identified, including a focus on conserving tradition, risk of overgeneralization, neglect of biocultural conflicts, and a lack of attention to power dynamics. A political ecology perspective on biocultural diversity could help address these criticisms by encouraging external conservation actors to reflect on specific questions about power when engaging with holders of biocultural diversity. If external conservation actors are willing to engage in this reflexive practice, for example, by following the prompts I devised (e.g., What preconceptions do external actors hold about culture and identity in this context? Are external actors expecting people to live or behave traditionally? Do Indigenous Peoples and local communities have decision-making power?), commitments to conserving biocultural diversity could achieve global biodiversity goals while upholding social and environmental justice principles.</p>","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":" ","pages":"e70131"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144945712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Importance of phenomena expected to modify population trends of a threatened saltmarsh breeding bird community.","authors":"Franco N Gigliotti, Whitney A Beisler, Jonathan B Cohen, Meaghan Conway, Maureen D Correll, Adrienne I Kovach, Brian J Olsen, Katharine J Ruskin, W Gregory Shriver, Elizabeth L Tymkiw, Chris S Elphick","doi":"10.1111/cobi.70139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.70139","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Salt marshes in the northeastern United States support several specialized breeding bird species that are threatened by sea level rise (SLR) and coastal development, processes that drive habitat change and fragmentation. There have been rapid, widespread declines in some species, but mechanisms driving population change and whether declines continue remain unclear. We examined the influence of phenomena expected to modify salt marshes, including SLR, sediment delivery rates, and land use, on the population trajectories of saltmarsh breeding birds. We modeled population trajectories of 5 species with spatially extensive point count surveys conducted from Maine to Virginia from 2011 to 2022. We used Bayesian hierarchical abundance models and model selection to identify phenomena that had the strongest effect on population change. Clapper rails (Rallus crepitans) continued their long-term decline (-4.1%/year). Willets (Tringa semipalmata semipalmata) (2.6%/year) and saltmarsh sparrows (Ammospiza caudacuta) (4.1%/year) increased, and seaside (Ammospiza maritima) and Nelson's (Ammospiza nelsoni subvirgatus) sparrows exhibited no clear change in abundance. The estimated increase for saltmarsh sparrow was not consistent with trends over the previous 25 years but aligned with prior demographic modeling, which predicted a short-term stabilization during the study years before an expected return to a long-term decline. Road density and other tidal restrictions near marshes were generally good predictors of abundance over the study period, as was marsh habitat composition. Local rates of SLR and sediment delivery were not as good predictors. During periods of relatively low rates of realized SLR, local-scale drivers of population trends had relatively stronger effects than global drivers on the persistence of several saltmarsh breeding birds. Conservation practitioners, however, should be attentive to global drivers, especially as rates of SLR accelerate in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":" ","pages":"e70139"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144945703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating biodiversity hotspots, ecological gradients, and ecosystem services for transboundary conservation in the Gaoligong Mountains.","authors":"Zhongde Huang, Qiying Wang, Jie Wang, Zhou Fang, Lin Wang, Maroof Ali, Zhangqian Yang, Haoran Chen, Shi Xue, Qin Zhou, Changgao Cheng, Feiling Yang, Yang Bai","doi":"10.1111/cobi.70133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.70133","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Expanding transboundary protected areas is crucial to biodiversity conservation and maintenance of ecosystem services. Quantifying border gradients of species richness is essential to aligning ecological and management boundaries to enable the gradual integration of biodiversity hotspots in conservation strategies that include cross-border areas that buffer the effects of extensive infrastructure. For the China-Myanmar border region (Gaoligong Mountains), we developed a conservation plan based on threatened species, ecosystem services, border gradient characteristics (i.e., spatial changes in ecological variables with increasing distance from a boundary), and ecological connectivity of protected areas. Although 20.2% of existing protected areas were in the north, 27.7% of identified priority conservation areas were outside these protected areas and only 2.93% were protected. Threatened plant and animal richness exhibited a positive spatial correlation (coefficient = 0.12), but their richness hotspots were spatially mismatched. The richness of threatened species was positively correlated with carbon storage and soil retention, but negatively correlated with water retention. In contrast, threatened animal diversity showed the opposite pattern. Threatened species richness decreased as distance from the border increased (strong linear relationship, R² = 0.95 for plants and 0.59 for animals). Based on our results, we propose an ecological gradient-based conservation strategy that prioritizes areas where the richness of threatened species overlaps in the central and southern regions and that protects biodiversity hotspots and creates corridors. The framework is applicable to other transboundary regions and supports global biodiversity conventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":" ","pages":"e70133"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144945694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitigating light pollution impacts on arthropods based on light-emitting diode properties.","authors":"Nicola van Koppenhagen, Martin M Gossner, Jörg Haller, Janine Bolliger","doi":"10.1111/cobi.70137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.70137","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Light pollution from artificial light at night (ALAN) is a significant environmental problem with far-reaching consequences for ecological systems. Recent innovations in light-emitting diode (LED) technology may offer sustainable outdoor lighting solutions, but scientific evidence is lacking. We investigated the effects of various LED lighting properties (color temperature, light intensity, and luminaire shape), individually and in combination, on flight-active and ground-dwelling arthropods. We therefore conducted a field experiment at 3 forest field sites in Switzerland with standardized LED streetlights. Over the course of 3 summers, we monitored flight-active insects and ground-dwelling arthropods with automated flight-interception and pitfall traps. The absence of light reduced the number of arthropods caught by 91%. However, when lighting was necessary, dimming lights by 50% and using focused luminaires resulted in reductions of 22% and 42%, respectively. Light color influenced arthropod responses only when combined with dimming. Our results underscore the ecological benefits of darkness and the complex interactions among lighting properties. An optimized combination of these properties, particularly well-focused and dimmed LED luminaires, represents a practical and effective measure to reduce the ecological impacts of ALAN and promote the conservation of nocturnal species.</p>","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":" ","pages":"e70137"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144945740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contribution of microcosm experiments to conservation science.","authors":"Eleanor R Stern, Peter A Vesk, Chris C Clements, Michael A McCarthy","doi":"10.1111/cobi.70129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.70129","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microcosms, or miniature experimental systems, have been used to develop models and theories in ecology. However, their contribution to conservation science is unclear. We explored the application, design, and impact of microcosms in conservation science from 469 systematically identified articles published from 1986 to 2023. We used generalized linear modeling to compare cumulative citations over time for each microcosm article with those of 71,738 nonmicrocosm articles in conservation science. We also surveyed the proportion of microcosm articles and nonmicrocosm articles focused on conservation science that were cited in policy documents. Two types of microcosms were used in conservation research: generalized microcosms (i.e., simplified analogies of systems used to test general theories and mathematical models) and specialized microcosms (i.e., recreations of specific ecosystems or species assemblages that test specific hypotheses). Microcosms were used to study biodiversity, invasive species, extinction, pollution, and climate change and were applied to a broad array of ecosystems and species. Microcosm experiments tended to be small (systems were liters in size or smaller) and conducted over short periods (weeks or months); could monitor study species for up to hundreds of generations; and had high sample replication. On average, microcosm studies were cited up to twice as often as nonmicrocosm studies 25 years after publication. Microcosm articles and nonmicrocosm articles focused on conservation science were cited in policy documents at similar rates to each other. We recommend that conservation science, which often focuses on urgent topics and rare or threatened ecosystems and species, may benefit from the manipulability and replicability that microcosms offer. Microcosm experiments may also be low risk for the study systems involved. Future uses of microcosms include providing experimental evidence and testing of conservation theories, models, and hypotheses.</p>","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":" ","pages":"e70129"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144945707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic origins and climate-induced erosion in economically important Asian walnuts.","authors":"Peng-Zhen Fan, Guang-Fu Zhu, Moses C Wambulwa, Richard I Milne, Zeng-Yuan Wu, Ya-Huang Luo, Robabeh Shahi Shavvon, Alistair S Jump, Debabrata Maity, Lian-Ming Gao, Hai-Ling Qi, Hong-Yu Wu, Xing Kong, Raees Khan, Li-Jun Yan, Yerlan Turuspekov, De-Zhu Li, Jie Liu","doi":"10.1111/cobi.70125","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cobi.70125","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The global climate is undergoing unprecedented changes, posing significant threats to species persistence. However, the spatiotemporal impacts on genetic diversity remain poorly understood, hindering species conservation and management. Walnuts, generally referred to as Juglans regia and J. sigillata, are economically vital in Asia, but little is known about their genetic origins and how the species will be affected by future climate change. Using 31 microsatellites, we genotyped 5282 individuals from 233 populations of walnuts in Asia. We assessed genetic diversity patterns and demographic history and investigated potential future genetic erosion risks. Genetic diversity of walnuts was high in the Himalaya and Hengduan Mountains. The 2 species diverged during the Pleistocene (around 1.41 Ma BP), and J. regia contained 2 genetic groups (JR1 and JR2). The JR2 group had the lowest diversity and likely arrived in northern China around 9.77 ka BP, perhaps via human transport. The Western Himalaya likely served both as a glacial refugium and the center of origin for J. regia, and the Eastern Himalaya appears to have been the refugium for J. sigillata. The 2 species appear to have hybridized in the Central Himalaya and the Sichuan basin and surroundings, forming two distinct hybrid zones. Our results indicate that genetic diversity will be reduced by up to 9.03% due to range loss under future climate change and dramatic genetic structure turnover in the Himalaya and Hengduan Mountains. In situ conservation in the Himalaya is essential for safeguarding genetic diversity and adaptive potential in Asian walnuts, while ex situ preservation of genetically unique wild germplasm, coupled with its integration into breeding programs, will enhance climate resilience. The findings advance our understanding of the origin of Asian walnuts and how future climatic change may affect their genetic diversity, offering a model for conservation and breeding strategies in other tree species facing similar threats.</p>","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":" ","pages":"e70125"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144882368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}