Conservation Biology最新文献

{"title":"Bridging conservation gaps under climate change at multiple scales to protect 30% of Earth's surface by 2030.","authors":"Hui Wu, Le Yu, Xiaoli Shen, James E M Watson, Huawei Wan, Yue Cao, Ting Hua, Tao Liu, Jianqiao Zhao, Jianguo Liu, Jixi Gao, Keping Ma","doi":"10.1111/cobi.70054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.70054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The 30×30 commitment outlined in the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KM-GBF) offers a critical opportunity for enhancing global biodiversity conservation. However, KM-GBF's efforts to address climate change impacts remain limited. We developed 1-km-resolution hotspot maps for climate change vulnerability with the exposure-sensitivity-adaptation framework, species distribution for 4 terrestrial vertebrate taxa, and carbon stock capacity including organic and biomass carbon, for 2030. Then, we developed a systematic conservation planning approach that, beyond the 3 conservation features mentioned, also considered human activities, connectivity, and Shared Socioeconomic Pathways. The plan included the identification of conservation priorities and gaps for China and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations region (China-ASEAN) at regional, national, and biogeographical scales. We found that 6.59% of the land in China-ASEAN overlapped all 3 hotspots, primarily in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Cambodia. Across all 3 spatial scales, newly identified conservation priorities were concentrated in low-elevation areas, particularly between 10° S and 10° N at the regional scale. Currently, protected areas cover 15.49% of China-ASEAN's land, representing 7.00% of climate change vulnerability hotspots, 12.45% of species distribution potential hotspots, and 14.56% of carbon stock capacity hotspots for 2030. If the 30×30 commitment is realized at a regional scale, these percentages are expected to increase to 22.93%, 33.15%, and 34.75%, respectively. Areas of conservation priority identified with our framework were significantly affected by the scale of protection coordination, yet they remained stable across Shared Socioeconomic Pathways, indicating their effectiveness in diverse future scenarios. The biogeographical scale had the smallest average conservation gap for all 12 countries (13.14%). Financial challenges are highest for Indonesia at the regional scale and for Malaysia at the national and biogeographical scales. Precise conservation based on appropriate scales is essential to achieving the 30×30 commitment and maximizing its conservation effectiveness under climate change.</p>","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":" ","pages":"e70054"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144224597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring gaps, biases, and research priorities in the evidence for reptile conservation actions.","authors":"Oliver Speight, William H Morgan, Thomas B White, Katie A Sainsbury, Amos Bouskila, Guy Rotem, Rebecca K Smith, William J Sutherland, Maggie J Watson, Alec P Christie","doi":"10.1111/cobi.70073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.70073","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With over 21% of reptile species threatened with extinction, there is an urgent need to ensure conservation actions to protect and restore populations are informed by relevant, reliable evidence. We examined the geographic and taxonomic distribution of 707 studies that tested the effects of actions to conserve reptiles synthesized in Conservation Evidence's Reptile Conservation synopsis. More studies were conducted in countries with higher gross domestic product per capita, more reptile species, and higher proportions of threatened reptile species. Studies were clustered in the United States (43%) and Australia (15%), and no studies were conducted in large parts of Southeast Asia, South America, and sub-Saharan Africa. Taxonomically, 47% of 90 reptile families (mostly Squamata) were not studied at all. Although Squamata and Testudines species featured in approximately 50% of studies, 7 of the 10 most-studied reptiles (constituting 36% of studies) were turtles or tortoises, and there were significantly more studies per species on Testudines than Squamata. There were also significantly more studies on species: classified as least concern (as opposed to all other International Union for Conservation of Nature categories apart from near threatened); not categorized as endemic or insular; with more Wikipedia page views; and lacking data on venomousness. There was no significant relationship between the number of studies and the evolutionary distinctiveness or body mass of species. Our results highlight pressing evidence needs, particularly for underrepresented regions and threatened and data-deficient species (e.g., evolutionarily distinct and globally endangered reptiles in South America, sub-Saharan Africa, and Southeast Asia). To overcome evidence gaps and a lack of basic ecological data, future work should explore how the effects of actions transfer across taxa and regions. We call for greater efforts to coordinate and increase testing and reporting in a strategic manner to inform more effective and efficient conservation actions globally.</p>","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":" ","pages":"e70073"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144224601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A habitat-based approach to reporting the direct impacts of an organization on biodiversity.","authors":"Karel Mokany, Chris Ware, Roozbeh Valavi, Katherine Giljohann, Simon Ferrier, Cara Stitzlein, Gonzalo Mata","doi":"10.1111/cobi.70071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.70071","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is a rapidly growing need for efficient but rigorous methods for organizations to assess and disclose their biodiversity impacts. We devised a habitat-based analytical approach for estimating the direct impacts of an organization on biodiversity. In our broad approach, we considered the time series of an organization's spatial footprint and assumed its biodiversity position was the accumulated positive and negative impacts over space and time. We demonstrated the approach by assessing the biodiversity position of CSIRO-Australia's national science agency, which has owned or controlled 50 sites across Australia since 1916, covering >460,000 ha. We applied 3 complementary habitat-based biodiversity indicators (effective habitat area, species extinction risk, and threatened species habitat), all with a fine resolution annual (1987-2023) time series of ecosystem condition as their basis. At the end of the most recent observation year, the CSIRO was in a negative biodiversity position in terms of all 3 biodiversity indicators. Over the time series considered, the activities of CSIRO were estimated to have led to an increase in the extinction risk for all native species by 1.0 species; a reduction in effective habitat area of 11,945 ha and a reduction in threatened species habitat of 22,307 species hectares (i.e., condition-weighted amount of habitat available to threatened species). Although the magnitude of the biodiversity position for CSIRO was strongly influenced by a single very large site (Murchison), the vast majority of the CSIRO sites were also in a negative position when considered separately. We demonstrated how future-looking scenario analysis can be linked with this biodiversity assessment approach, with a single natural regeneration action across the large Murchison site estimated to return CSIRO's biodiversity position close to neutral within 50 years.</p>","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":" ","pages":"e70071"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144224594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Call for new criteria for monitoring and registering Natura 2000 species data.","authors":"Meritxell Genovart, Roberto Salguero-Gomez, Fernando Colchero, Francisco Guil, Joan Rabassa-Juvanteny, Julia Uriach-Dasca, Dalia Amor Conde, Jean Michel Gaillard, Tim Coulson","doi":"10.1111/cobi.70064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.70064","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The European Union's Birds and Habitats Directives are intended to guarantee the persistence of species and natural habitats across member states. To achieve this laudable aim, the Natura 2000 network of protected areas was established in 1992. Since then, member states are required to regularly monitor species and habitats and report findings to the European Commission, which requires substantial investment from all countries. The Natura 2000 network is an invaluable example of a large-scale coordinated network developed to address major conservation issues. Based on our analysis of the 2020 Species Natura 2000 database and on expert opinions by Natura 2000 executives, we found that the network is failing to adequately show biodiversity status and guide conservation because it does not allow cross-border comparisons of species' and populations' conservation status. The main contributing factor to this failure is that member states frequently fail to follow reporting EU guidelines, resulting in heterogeneity in criteria for monitoring and registering species among Natura 2000 areas. We advocate developing new unified and realistic criteria for monitoring and reporting species data that correctly allow cross-border comparisons and conservation diagnosis. We propose that monitoring protocols and current criteria be modified slightly by considering species' life-history strategies, distribution, and conservation status. We do not suggest a major overhaul of the directives; rather, we propose debate on how relatively small changes in guidelines could improve the utility of the huge amount of data collected from the Natura 2000 network.</p>","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":" ","pages":"e70064"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144224598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying priority areas for conservation to promote connectivity and mitigate the impacts of anthropogenic disturbance.","authors":"Edmond Sacre, Ulf Bergström, Charlotte Berkström","doi":"10.1111/cobi.70083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.70083","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As nations seek to expand protected area (PA) networks to cover 30% of land and seas by 2030 (30×30), there is an urgent need for systematic conservation planning and spatial prioritization that considers the broad range of ecological and socioeconomic factors influencing the persistence of biodiversity. A remaining challenge in spatial prioritization is identifying areas that not only contribute to ecological connectivity but also are vulnerable to isolation and connectivity decline caused by anthropogenic disturbance. We devised an approach to assess PA networks and prioritize areas for conservation action and applied it to the Swedish coastal Baltic Sea area as an example. We developed connectivity models for 16 key fish species to identify habitats that provide the greatest contributions to maintaining network connectivity. We then incorporated spatial data on anthropogenic disturbance into the connectivity models to identify habitats for which human activities may hinder dispersal and recruitment, making them vulnerable to local population declines. We assessed the adequacy of the marine protected area (MPA) network in protecting these biodiversity features. Using spatial prioritization with explicit objectives to protect these biodiversity features, we then identified important areas for future protection. Although the Swedish MPA network provided a reasonable level of protection for these key habitats, their protection in stricter MPA categories (International Union for Conservation of Nature categories Ia, Ib, and II) was poor. Expanding the MPA network from its current coverage (10.5% of the study area) to 11%, the mean protection level across features increased from 25% to 48%. Expanding to 15% coverage increased mean protection across features to over 90%. Our approach to conservation planning incorporated not only biodiversity data (e.g., habitats and connectivity) but also the pressures these elements of biodiversity are susceptible to from human activities.</p>","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":" ","pages":"e70083"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144224612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing limits of sustainable seed harvest in wild plant populations.","authors":"Anna Bucharova, Oliver Bossdorf, J F Scheepens, Roberto Salguero-Gómez","doi":"10.1111/cobi.70075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.70075","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Seed harvesting from wild plant populations is key for ecological restoration, but it may threaten the persistence of the source populations. Consequently, several countries have set guidelines limiting the proportions of harvestable seeds. However, these guidelines are inconsistent and lack a solid empirical basis. We used matrix population models based on 280 wild plant species, stored in he COMPADRE Plant Matrix Database, to model the demographic consequences of seed harvesting. Current guidelines do not protect populations of annuals and short-lived perennials because maximal allowed harvest drew all annual species included in our study to extinction. In contrast, current guidelines are overly restrictive for long-lived plants because these plants could tolerate even higher seed removal than currently allowed. The maximum possible fraction of seed production that can be harvested without compromising the long-term persistence of populations was strongly related to generation time of the target species. When harvesting seeds every year, the fraction of seeds that was safe to harvest (safe seed fraction) ranged from 80% in long-lived species to 2% in most annuals. Less frequent seed harvesting substantially increased the safe seed fraction. In the most vulnerable annual species, it was safe to harvest 5%, 10%, or 30% of a population's seed production when harvesting every 2, 5, or 10 years, respectively. Our results provide a quantitative basis for seed harvesting legislation, based on the generation times of species and harvesting regime.</p>","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":" ","pages":"e70075"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144224596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of bat use of anthropogenic structures on bats and humans.","authors":"Ella A Sippola, Joseph S Johnson, Stefano Mammola, Grzegorz Apoznański, Ilze Brila, Ignacio Fernández Latapiat, Piia Lundberg, Mariia Matlova, Veronica Nanni, Reilly T Jackson, Janette Perez-Jimenez, Sonia Sánchez-Navarro, Elena Tena, Tanya S Troitsky, Thomas M Lilley, Melissa B Meierhofer","doi":"10.1111/cobi.70037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.70037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human-induced landscape modifications and climate change are forcing wildlife into closer contact with humans as the availability of natural habitats decreases. Although the importance of anthropogenic structures for the conservation of species is widely recognized, negative narratives surrounding bats may impede conservation efforts in human-dominated landscapes. We conducted a global systematic literature review to summarize research pertaining to bats in anthropogenic structures and analyze the impacts of occupancy of these structures on bats and humans. We extracted data from 735 publications and included 8 that provided a total of 29 quantitative estimates in meta-analyses assessing the consequences of roost selection by bats in anthropogenic and natural habitats. Additionally, information from all 735 publications was used for summaries. Research focused on the Northern Hemisphere, despite the highest diversity of bat species occurring near the equator. Of the 13 identified impacts on bats from the use of anthropogenic structures, disturbance (caused by, e.g., visitation, renovations, artificial lighting) was the most frequently reported. Effects of bat presence on humans were primarily associated with pathogens or other microorganisms of zoonotic interest. Buildings were the most frequently identified anthropogenic roost, and the use of buildings differed across biogeographic realms. Although impacts varied across realms and structures, the Nearctic and Palearctic had the highest incidence of impacts. Few studies compared anthropogenic roosts with natural roosts, but our meta-analyses broadly identified differences in the effects of artificial versus natural roosts on bat behavior, roost temperature, and bat health and occupancy. We found that research is not focused currently on areas where bat-human interactions are most likely to intensify with the growing rate of urbanization. Although many effects on bats from roosting in anthropogenic structures were documented or mentioned, most studies did not measure these effects and few compared them with natural roosts. Quantifying impacts could help in the design of management practices that would benefit bats and humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":" ","pages":"e70037"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144224613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reconstructing historical catch trends of threatened sharks and rays based on fisher ecological knowledge.","authors":"Guido Leurs, Rima W Jabado, Assana Camará, Lilísio Dos Santos, Diosnes Manuel Nonque, Thije J Zuidewind, Iça Barry, Pierre Campredon, Benja Blaschke, Karin de Boer, Nadia Hijner, Han Olff, Samuel Ledo Pontes, Aissa Regalla, Matthew Bjerregaard Walsh, Laura L Govers","doi":"10.1111/cobi.70059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.70059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Small-scale fisheries often lack historical shark and ray catch information, hampering their management. We reconstructed historical catch trends and current fishing pressure by combining local ecological knowledge, satellite-based vessel counts, and a short-term landing-site survey. To test the effectiveness of this method, we focused on the Bijagós Archipelago (Guinea-Bissau, West Africa), where historical fisheries data are lacking. Benthic rays (stingrays [Dasyatidae] and butterfly rays [Gymnura spp.]), benthopelagic rays (duckbill eagle rays [Aetomylaeus bovinus] and cownose rays [Rhinoptera marginata]), guitarfish (Glaucostegus and Rhinobatos spp.), requiem sharks (Carcharhinidae), and hammerhead sharks (Sphyrna spp.) declined in abundance by 81.5-96.7% (species dependent) from 1960 to 2020. Fishing effort increased annually: fishing trip duration by 42.0% (SE 3.4), numbers of fishing vessels at sea as perceived by fishers by 36.3% (1.0) (1960-2020), and number of vessels by 12.0% (1.1) (2007-2022). We estimated that in 2020, fishing vessels collectively captured 61-264 sharks and 522-2194 rays per day in the archipelago, depending on the proportion of the fishing fleet that was active (i.e., low fleet activity of 18% and high fleet activity of 80%). We advocate for reducing shark and ray catches by regulating fleet size, reinforcing boundaries of protected areas, and collecting fisher-dependent information on shark and ray landings to safeguard these vulnerable species and coastal livelihoods. We demonstrated the effectiveness of using this 3-pronged approach to provide baseline data on shark fisheries, a common challenge in areas with small-scale fisheries and limited research capacity.</p>","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":" ","pages":"e70059"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144224617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution pattern of cetaceans in the northern South China Sea based on visual surveys and environmental DNA metabarcoding.","authors":"Shengming Deng, Xiang Zhang, Min Liu, Bai-An Lin, Yongcan Zhou, Mingming Liu, Wenzhi Lin, Mingli Lin, Lijun Dong, Hui Kang, Binshuai Liu, Shenglan Chen, Mingyue Ouyang, Shousong Jiang, Jianlong Li, Songhai Li","doi":"10.1111/cobi.70060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.70060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The South China Sea (SCS) is vital habitat and potential nursery and feeding grounds for large cetaceans, such as the sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus), making understanding of the temporal and spatial patterns of cetaceans in this region essential. We examined the accuracy of environmental DNA (eDNA) in detecting cetacean species diversity and determine the spatial and temporal distribution of cetaceans in the northern SCS. We conducted 5 ship-based visual surveys for cetaceans in 3 summers and 2 springs from 2020 to 2023 and used eDNA metabarcoding to determine the relative abundance and spatial and temporal distribution of cetaceans in offshore and abyssal areas of the northern SCS. We detected 18 cetacean species through visual observations and eDNA metabarcoding. Both methods identified 12 species in common. Cetaceans' presence varied temporally. We detected 7 species in the springs and 17 species in the summers. Expedition route design, meteorological conditions, and sea conditions between the 2 seasons partly explained the seasonal differences. The species of Ziphiidae, Physeteridae, and Kogiidae tended to occupy regions with high bathymetric drop gradients, particularly those situated on continental slopes and seamounts. The Delphinidae were more widely distributed and relatively more abundant. Of the cetaceans successfully identified by eDNA metabarcoding, species with relatively large group sizes and that were relatively close to the sampling sites tended to be more easily detected. Our results provide new information on the relative abundance and spatial and temporal distribution of cetaceans and indicate that eDNA techniques can provide additional information and serve as a complementary tool for cetacean monitoring and conservation.</p>","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":" ","pages":"e70060"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144224599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying exposure of amphibian species to heat waves, cold spells, and droughts.","authors":"Evan Twomey, Francisco Sylvester, Jonas Jourdan, Henner Hollert, Lisa M Schulte","doi":"10.1111/cobi.70074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.70074","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Globally, amphibians face severe threats, such as climate change and associated extreme events. Our goal was to quantify global amphibian exposure to 3 classes of extreme events: heat waves, cold spells, and droughts. We used the MERRA-2 extreme climate events data and the standardized precipitation-evapotranspiration index database to investigate where these events have increased over the last 40 years. We used the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) database of global amphibian distributions (7202 species) to calculate the level of exposure to extreme events for each species, classifying species as exposed if their distribution had ≥50% overlap with areas experiencing substantial increases of extreme events. To assess whether exposure is associated with amphibian declines, we used logistic regression to analyze the relationship between extreme event exposure and status changes on the IUCN Red List. Heat waves and droughts increased notably in Amazonia, Madagascar, and Europe. Among the 3 classes of events, exposure was highest to heat waves (40% of species exposed), followed by droughts (16% exposed). Exposure to different event classes was uneven with respect to geography and taxonomy. Some areas (e.g., Amazonia, Madagascar) and families (e.g., Mantellidae, Rhinodermatidae) had nearly 100% of constituent species classified as exposed to at least one event class. Exposure to heat waves (odds ratio 1.8) and droughts (odds ratio 1.7) was associated with status deteriorations since 2004. Our findings provide insight into amphibian biodiversity hotspots and taxonomic groups that may be particularly susceptible to extreme climate events, suggesting that these events play a causative role in ongoing declines. Understanding the aspects of species biology that influence susceptibility to extreme events, as well as interactions with other factors (e.g., disease), will be important for understanding the role of climate change in driving amphibian declines.</p>","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":" ","pages":"e70074"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144224615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}