Conservation Biology最新文献

{"title":"Emergence, exclusion, and unresolved horizons: Response to Bunce et al. (2025)","authors":"James Igoe","doi":"10.1111/cobi.70113","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cobi.70113","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Bunce et al.’s (<span>2025</span>) “A Social Network Analysis of an Epistemic Community Studying Neoliberal Conservation” is a welcome and overdue contribution to the maturing and diversifying field of interdisciplinary inquiry and critique. Whereas these scholars sought to map an epistemic community in ways that support coordination across epistemic difference to enhance conservation outcomes, I take a different tack in this commentary by foregrounding the unresolved tensions, exclusions, and emergent dynamics through which the field has taken shape and that continue to condition the kinds of knowledge and transformation it facilitates and forecloses.</p><p>As someone present in the early days of this epistemic community, I particularly appreciate how Bunce et al.’s analysis opens space through which to revisit the ways the field first emerged and to consider the horizons toward which it might still be oriented. I approached these possibilities in terms of emergence—the formative dynamics through which fields coalesce—and horizons—the relationships and possibilities that shape and exceed its formations. These concepts can help us reconsider what Bunce et al. frame as underdeveloped collaborative potential in terms of ongoing expressions of formative tensions and unresolved dynamics that continue to shape the field's possibilities.</p><p>Early realization of neoliberal conservation critique in the mid-2000s, as Bunce et al. thoroughly outline, was shaped by acute awareness of the very dynamics they analyze—hierarchies, exclusions, and uneven distribution of authority. These concerns were intensified by critical scrutiny of large conservation nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and their complicity in displacement and dispossession. Notable among these was Mac Chapin's (<span>2004</span>) seismic essay “<i>A Challenge to Conservationists</i>,” which catalyzed significant public commentary and, in doing so, fostered mutual recognition and collaboration among previously isolated critics.</p><p>As critiques of neoliberal conservation gained traction, a number of us involved in this early work—including scholars, community-based conservation workers, and community representatives—articulated a strong commitment to doing things differently. This included foregrounding relational accountability, broadening participation, and refusing the gatekeeping practices then entrenched in major conservation organizations and increasingly carried over in academic spaces and professional conferences. These commitments informed how we convened, collaborated, and circulated knowledge (for an extensively documented example, see Igoe & Sullivan [<span>2009</span>]). However, such intentions were unevenly enacted and subject to pressures of institutional survival, career advancement, and intellectual consolidation. What Bunce et al. present as a distributed and evolving epistemic community reflects patterned interactions and institutional realignments that narrow","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":"39 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cobi.70113","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144728483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bright spots for advancing ecological understanding and conservation decision-making.","authors":"Holly S Embke, Zachary S Feiner, Gretchen J A Hansen, Daniel Isermann, Olaf P Jensen, Christopher I Rounds, Quinnlan C Smith, M Jake Vander Zanden","doi":"10.1111/cobi.70109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.70109","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A lot can be learned by studying bright spots-defined as unexpected positive outcomes. In fields like public health, education, and oncology, identifying factors behind bright spots reveals previously unknown drivers of success that can be replicated elsewhere. This concept is being applied in conservation but is hampered by variations in definitions of bright spots and confusion with hotspots-sites with high absolute values of a metric. We developed a framework to clearly define and distinguish between hotspots (e.g., a wetland with high plant diversity) and bright spots (e.g., a biodiverse wetland in a housing development), which outperform conservation expectations. The framework is an iterative cycle, consisting of setting expectations for relative comparisons, classifying systems into bright, dark, hot, and cold categories, and digging deeper to reveal hidden mechanisms and opportunities for intervention. We drew on examples from diverse fields to demonstrate how our framework can generate new knowledge, identify potential interventions, and inform management priorities. Defining conservation and management expectations, often through predictive models, is essential to understanding drivers of success and fosters hypotheses about overlooked factors. Our framework can enhance ecological understanding, guide interventions, and help prioritize actions in conservation and natural resource management.</p>","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":" ","pages":"e70109"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144689133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intentions matter: Response to Lundgren et al. (2024)","authors":"Mark W. Schwartz,&nbsp;Daniel Simberloff","doi":"10.1111/cobi.70111","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cobi.70111","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":"39 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144689135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Categories, impacts, and the politics of naming in conservation: Reply to Schwartz and Simberloff","authors":"Erick J. Lundgren,&nbsp;Jens-Christian Svenning,&nbsp;Martin A. Schlaepfer,&nbsp;Arian Wallach,&nbsp;Astrid Andersson,&nbsp;Patricio J. Pereyra,&nbsp;Daniel Ramp","doi":"10.1111/cobi.70112","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cobi.70112","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":"39 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144689134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Underrepresentation of bats in Africa's protected areas.","authors":"Cecilia Montauban, Ivana Budinski, Paul W Webala, Theresa M Laverty, Iroro Tanshi, Laura Torrent, Eric Bakwo-Fils, Peter J Taylor, Adam Kane, Ara Monadjem","doi":"10.1111/cobi.70108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.70108","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biodiversity is severely threatened globally, with habitat loss and other human pressures accelerating species extinctions. Protected areas (PAs) are a critical conservation tool; however, their effectiveness in safeguarding many taxa, such as bats, remains unclear. Using georeferenced occurrence records and species distribution models (SDMs) for 263 sub-Saharan African bat species, we evaluated the coverage of bats in 7875 terrestrial PAs. Eighty-nine percent of bat species were recorded in at least 1 PA, yet 28 species, including 5 threatened and 15 data deficient species, were absent from all PAs. Species with large extents of occurrence were represented in more PAs, and fruit bats occupied significantly more PAs than clutter, edge, or open-air insectivorous foragers. The SDMs revealed high species richness in some undersurveyed areas, particularly in West and Central Africa and the Albertine Rift, emphasizing the need for targeted surveys. Our findings underscore critical data deficiencies related to bat conservation and stress the urgency of integrating bats into broader conservation planning. More surveys, enhanced data-sharing, and tailored conservation strategies are needed to improve bat representation in PAs and safeguard their ecological roles in Africa's biodiverse landscapes.</p>","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":" ","pages":"e70108"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144636465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Barriers to public engagement with biodiversity conservation","authors":"Emily A. Gregg,&nbsp;Georgia E. Garrard,&nbsp;Sarah A. Bekessy,&nbsp;Alexander M. Kusmanoff,&nbsp;Jen K. Martin,&nbsp;Matthew J. Selinske,&nbsp;Lindall R. Kidd,&nbsp;Jennifer A. Robinson","doi":"10.1111/cobi.70078","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cobi.70078","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Addressing biodiversity loss requires public engagement and action, including changes to individual consumption habits, support for on-the-ground conservation actions, and advocacy for government action and policy change. Conservation organizations are increasingly focused on encouraging probiodiversity attitudes and behaviors through interventions, such as education programs and marketing campaigns. Yet, motivating public audiences to change their behavior or become more active participants in conservation remains a challenge. We used a strategic communication approach to conceptualize barriers to public engagement with conservation and explored how these barriers manifest differently across audiences based on their current level of engagement (e.g., aware vs. active). The psychological, social, and structural barriers discussed are lack of knowledge, misaligned values, low self-efficacy, low personal or social relevance, and limiting structural context. These barriers are recognized across conservation science, behavioral science, and social change literature. Many different communication approaches may be used to overcome these barriers, including raising awareness, working with values, social norming, strategic calls to action, social mobilization, and advocacy. Regardless of the approach, understanding individual behaviors, audience types, and their social context is key to supporting biodiversity conservation actions and positive social change.</p>","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":"39 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cobi.70078","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144625539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of biological invasions and habitat degradation on amphibian populations in Cerro Largo, Uruguay.","authors":"Gabriel Laufer, Noelia Gobel, Ignacio Alcántara, Nadia Kacevas, Sofia Cortizas","doi":"10.1111/cobi.70107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.70107","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Amphibians are the most threatened vertebrates globally due to a range of stressors. In this study spanning 11 years and covering 61 Pampas ponds in Cerro Largo Department, Uruguay, we aimed to evaluate the combined effect of the invasion of the American bullfrog (Aquarana catesbeiana) and the loss of environmental heterogeneity on native anuran assemblages. We conducted annual breeding season sampling for which we recorded native anuran species presences and abundances across different ponds. Additionally, we documented bullfrog invasion history and abundance and key environmental and climatic variables. We measured pond heterogeneity, which is influenced by variations in livestock grazing intensity and historical human use of native forests. We used generalized linear mixed models to predict richness and abundance of native anurans. We recorded 18 native amphibian species across the ponds, with declines in both richness and abundance as bullfrog invasion intensified. Models showed that ponds could lose up to 40% of amphibian species and 50% of amphibian abundance within 10 years of bullfrog invasion. Although environmental heterogeneity, particularly microhabitat edge diversity, attenuates these impacts, it is insufficient to halt this process. Among the most affected native anuran species were 3 highly aquatic-associated species. Our results highlight stressor effects across a broad spatiotemporal scale through an integrative approach, which we recommend for future research. Our findings underscore the threat of invasions to amphibian conservation. By examining the combined impacts of biological invasions and environmental heterogeneity, we have advanced understanding of how global change drives amphibian declines. Urgent control measures are needed to eradicate and prevent invasions in amphibian breeding sites and to preserve and restore these habitats, the focus of which should be microhabitat diversity.</p>","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":" ","pages":"e70107"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144616593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applying the IUCN Global Ecosystem Typology to classify, describe, and map ecosystems based on regional data and Indigenous knowledge.","authors":"Alys R Young, Hugh F Davies, Margaret L Ayre, Alana Brekelmans, Brett A Bryan, Jane Elith, Kate Hadden, Mavis Kerinaiua, David A Keith, Donna L Lewis, Kinjia M Munkara-Murray, Sarah Ryan, Michaela Spencer, Emily Nicholson","doi":"10.1111/cobi.70099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.70099","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Effective ecosystem conservation for biodiversity and human well-being relies on accurate information. Consistent approaches to classifying, describing, and assessing ecosystems can improve understanding of ecological processes, threats, and management. We explored how the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Global Ecosystem Typology-a global classification framework based on ecosystem function-could support the development of a classification of ecosystems for the Tiwi Islands, Australia, by incorporating scientific information and Indigenous Tiwi knowledge to facilitate environmental management and conservation. We synthesized ecosystem information from previous research, field data, reports, and Tiwi knowledge authorities to develop a classification, descriptions, and a map of 14 terrestrial ecosystem types. These ecosystem types were defined and described based on ecological processes and were broader yet largely congruent with existing vegetation classifications. Including functional properties accounted for variation in the vegetation physiognomy exhibited by dynamic and disturbance-prone ecosystems, such as savannas. Because we considered Tiwi knowledge authorities and the IUCN Global Ecosystem Typology, our inventory included ecosystem types that were typically omitted from previous classifications, which should allow for more comprehensive assessments and management. Relating the new ecosystem typology to the IUCN Global Ecosystem Typology will facilitate comparisons among similar ecosystems, regarding, for example, effective threat abatement options. Describing the biota and processes opens new avenues for monitoring. More collaborative work is needed to explore how Western scientific ecosystem inventories operate alongside and in connection with management of Tiwi murrakupuni enacted by Tiwi people. Given the ongoing loss of biodiversity, ecosystem management must draw on information across domains, scales, and knowledge systems. We demonstrated an approach to this task and provided socioecologically relevant ecosystem information.</p>","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":" ","pages":"e70099"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144607733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Downlisting and recovery of species assessed by the IUCN.","authors":"Mu-Ming Lin, Richard A Fuller, In-Ki Kwon, Kisup Lee, Simba Chan, Wangwang Qiu, Yat-Tung Yu, Chi-Yeung Choi","doi":"10.1111/cobi.70103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.70103","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite the increasing number of species assessed for extinction risk by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) (163,040 species as of 2024), only about 1 in 1,000 have been downlisted due to genuine population improvement. Although this rare conservation achievement has been widely celebrated in several recent cases, some other downlisting decisions have met with controversy. A primary role of the IUCN is to assess extinction risk. In this role, it must maintain its independence and not be influenced by the public outcry that may occur when a high-profile species is downlisted, even if well-established conservation programs may be disrupted or abandoned as a result. We explored the potential positive and negative consequences of downlisting for conservation efforts through case studies of the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca), red-crowned crane (Grus japonensis), saiga antelope (Saiga tatarica), and black-faced spoonbill (Platalea minor), which has recently been proposed for downlisting. Although downlisting can enable more effective use of limited resources, these cases highlight potential risks, including weakened legal backing, diversion of resources away from the species, and declining public and political support. The relatively unquestioned downlisting of the saiga antelope illustrates how early and inclusive engagement of local experts, assessors, donors, and other stakeholders can help ensure that decisions are effectively communicated and implemented without jeopardizing species recovery. The IUCN Green Status of Species assessment is a complementary tool to the IUCN Red List and offers a useful measure of conservation progress, which can help decision makers ensure that downlisting does not undermine long-term conservation efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":" ","pages":"e70103"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144607734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coexistence and habitat restoration planning for the reintroduction of Spix's macaw.","authors":"Ugo Eichler Vercillo, Silvio Marchini, Matheus Felipe Barbosa Bahia Fritzsons, José Luiz de Andrade Franco","doi":"10.1111/cobi.70105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.70105","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Spix's macaw (Cyanopsitta spixii) is one of the world's most endangered species. Native to the Caatinga of northeastern Brazil-a region marked by significant socioeconomic vulnerability-the species was considered extinct in the wild in 2000. A reintroduction project, however, returned it to its natural habitat in 2022. The long-term success of this reintroduction hinges on meticulous planning that promotes the coexistence of the birds with the local community and addresses the species' ecological requirements. This planning should be grounded in evidence derived from both scientific research and local knowledge. Moreover, it must adopt a participatory approach, given its explicit aim to generate benefits not only for the Spix's macaw but also for the human communities sharing its habitat. We devised a participatory planning process aimed at creating and implementing a theory of change for fostering human-Spix's macaw coexistence and restoring the species' habitat. Drawing on the results of a socioeconomic survey conducted from 2022 to 2023, we convened a workshop in 2024 that brought together representatives from the research, conservation, governmental, and local community sectors. Participants identified the 7 key human-Spix's macaw interactions and considered the positive and negative impacts of these interactions on the macaws and local communities: Caatinga restoration, tourism, extensive livestock farming, hunting and capture, wildlife management, deforestation, and the reintroduction. Fifty-seven drivers underlying these interactions were identified at the workshop, and participants proposed 51 targeted actions to address these drivers and foster positive changes in the interactions. The outcomes of the workshop are intended to guide local territorial development centered on conservation to contribute to a more sustainable future for one of the most emblematic species in global biodiversity conservation.</p>","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":" ","pages":"e70105"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144599626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}