Conservation Biology最新文献

{"title":"Mitigating the human link in emerging reptile fungal pathogen transmission.","authors":"Patrick S Champagne, Richelle G Butcher, Lachlan A Bourke, Lorenzo Seneci, Laura F Grogan","doi":"10.1111/cobi.70391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.70391","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Handling wild reptiles is common among amateur herpetology enthusiasts, professional researchers, social media influencers, and photographers. However, the potential for these interactions to spread diseases that threaten wild reptiles remains underappreciated. With the rise in such interactions due to today's socially connected landscape and the offering of an increased number of wildlife-focused ecotourism trips, the possibility of increased spread of human-vector-mediated reptile diseases is substantial. This spread is a concern, especially for novel and emerging potentially catastrophic fungal diseases such as ophidiomycosis (snake fungal disease). We summarized the current knowledge on the main fungal taxa of concern and associated disease, highlighting the threat of spreading reptile fungal diseases to new geographic regions and species via current practices, including direct- and indirect-handling and describing current mitigation strategies; developed key guidelines for practitioners and enthusiasts to reduce the risk of spread of disease; and identified areas of future research. This information will raise awareness and improve hygiene practices across the herpetology community to reduce the spread of disease and improve conservation.</p>","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":" ","pages":"e70391"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149058693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing and strengthening community-based coastal governance","authors":"Mark Andrachuk,&nbsp;Graham Epstein,&nbsp;Shauna Mahajan,&nbsp;Zephania Arnold,&nbsp;Sinezio Junior,&nbsp;Dresy Lovasoa,&nbsp;Monalisa Mabandla,&nbsp;George W. Maina,&nbsp;Caroline Njeri,&nbsp;Samson Obiene,&nbsp;Geoffrey Odhiambo,&nbsp;Lenice Ojwang,&nbsp;Samantha Petersen,&nbsp;Vatosoa Rakotondrazafy,&nbsp;Joshua Rambahiniarison,&nbsp;Lilia Rasolofomanana,&nbsp;Tojo Rasolozaka,&nbsp;Maafaka Ravelona,&nbsp;Craig Smith,&nbsp;Pascal Thoya,&nbsp;Abel Valdivia,&nbsp;Milton Jose Xavier","doi":"10.1111/cobi.70325","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cobi.70325","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Community-based coastal governance is essential for biodiversity conservation and sustainable livelihoods, yet many communities continue to face significant challenges in establishing and sustaining effective governance systems. We sought to improve understanding of the current status of community-based coastal governance across five countries in the Southwest Indian Ocean (SWIO) region of Africa. Using the Elinor tool and data system, we examined how specific governance attributes relate to perceived social and ecological outcomes and sought insights for community-managed areas (CMAs) in the SWIO region. Progress toward strong community-based governance of CMAs has been uneven across the region and across governance attributes. Although some CMAs have established clearly defined management boundaries and property rights, many other CMAs are still working to improve some attributes, such as congruent regulations, transparency, accountability, and operational capacity. Perceived ecological and social outcomes correlated with different governance attributes. Perceived ecological outcomes were positively correlated with measures of property rights and local governance, whereas perceived social outcomes were correlated with local governance and operational capacity. The strength of CMA governance tended to improve in the first 5–10 years after establishment, then governance attributes plateaued or declined thereafter. These findings coincide with typical funding cycles, thus reinforcing the value of continued investment in community-based coastal governance. Specifically, our findings point to the importance of providing long-term capacity development and securing durable conservation finance to ensure the success of CMAs. More broadly, these findings contribute to a growing body of evidence of the importance of paying attention to when and how to leverage different types of support and capacity building.</p>","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":"40 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cobi.70325","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148013948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Persistent illegal sturgeon fishing in the Caspian Sea","authors":"Ilya Ermolin,&nbsp;Pavel Suvorkov","doi":"10.1111/cobi.70300","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cobi.70300","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing driven by artisanal small-scale fisheries is a critical threat to global biodiversity and is exemplified by the commercial extinction of Caspian sturgeons (<i>Acipenser</i> and <i>Huso</i>). A key knowledge gap persists regarding the scale and behavioral dynamics of these operations. We tested the hypothesis that persistent high-volume sturgeon poaching is sustained not by fleet growth but by an intensification of fishing effort per boat, a behavioral adaptation to state containment policies. We administered structured questionnaires to 53 members of 24 sturgeon fishing brigades (SFBs) in Dagestan, Russia, from 2020 to 2021 and verified the data collected with written catch records. To overcome data limitations, we developed a seasonal (September to June) analytical model. This included indirect standardization to control for seasonality and factor analysis to deconstruct catch trends. Survival analyses (Kaplan–Meier) were used to validate changes in the timing and intensity of fishing activity. From 2018 to 2021, the 24 SFBs harvested an estimated 82,193 kg of sturgeon across 319 trips. Active SFBs decreased from 21 to 17. However, fishing effort intensified dramatically, with fishing months per brigade increasing by nearly 50%, from 4.33 to 6.42. This resulted in a 49% increase in catch per brigade. Concurrently, catch volume per fishing month declined, indicating reduced efficiency. Our findings suggest that state containment policies have not curbed poaching and may have instead spurred effort intensification. Based on our expertise and contextual analyses, we hypothesize that the state's hatchery program functions not only as an ecological intervention but also as a political compensatory mechanism, creating a conservation paradox where supplementation of sturgeon numbers inadvertently subsidizes the illegal fishery, which drives lethal bycatch of the endangered Caspian seal (<i>Pusa caspica</i>). The autonomy of Dagestani communities, rooted in socioeconomic exclusion, renders standard conservation solutions infeasible, locking the system into a feedback loop of overexploitation.</p>","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":"40 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147764941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A global assessment of animal community responses to agricultural management","authors":"Susana López Rodríguez,&nbsp;Hanneke van ‘t Veen,&nbsp;Solen Le Clec'h,&nbsp;Rob Alkemade","doi":"10.1111/cobi.70299","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cobi.70299","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Transitions in agricultural management through crop and noncrop diversification on intensively managed croplands or pastures have benefited biodiversity. However, the extent to which agricultural management benefits species communities present in undisturbed ecosystems remains largely unclear. We quantified the animal biodiversity associated with a range of agricultural systems varying in crop and noncrop diversity and compared these with biodiversity associated with undisturbed reference ecosystems (mostly forests). We added data on agricultural management to three large databases—PREDICTS, GLOBIO, and a database compiled by Kuipers et al.—and grouped 107,386 observations from 151 studies into one of nine agricultural classes. We evaluated the animal biodiversity associated with the agricultural class, including the presence of threatened species, based on four biodiversity metrics (intactness, relative richness, compositional similarity, relative abundance). Biodiversity of monoculture annual and perennial croplands was least like that of reference ecosystems across biodiversity metrics. We found small biodiversity benefits of crop diversification and the presence of sparse trees on farmland. Biodiversity in agroforests and silvopastures was the most similar to reference ecosystems, probably due to a high density of trees, resulting in similar vegetation structure and diversity to undisturbed forests. Over time, biodiversity increased in agroforests, whereas the biodiversity of perennial croplands remained stable. Overall, our results suggested that the extent to which species associated with undisturbed ecosystems find refuge in agricultural areas is influenced by agricultural management, but different types of agricultural systems produced varying benefits. The outcomes of our study highlight the potential of introducing agricultural policies that aim to enhance agricultural management through tree planting and crop diversification to accommodate species that inhabit undisturbed ecosystems.</p>","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":"40 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cobi.70299","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147811981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring wildlife health for diseases with visible signs by integrating camera traps with marked individuals","authors":"Jonathan Tichon,&nbsp;Roi Lapid,&nbsp;Roni King,&nbsp;Elyasaf Freiman,&nbsp;Orr Spiegel,&nbsp;Erez Baruchi,&nbsp;Aviam Atar,&nbsp;Shirli Bar-David,&nbsp;David Saltz","doi":"10.1111/cobi.70283","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cobi.70283","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Monitoring wildlife health is essential for conservation and management, wildlife and livestock welfare, and public health in a One Health framework. Yet, wildlife health monitoring often requires long-term fieldwork and intensive sampling, which can be costly or logistically challenging, especially for remote, rare, or elusive populations. To address these challenges, we evaluated the feasibility and utility of integrating camera traps with a marked subset of Nubian ibex (<i>Capra nubiana</i>) to monitor five diseases that produce visible signs. Over six consecutive years, we deployed 51 camera traps and monitored 43 uniquely identifiable individuals (25 males and 18 females). We estimated apparent prevalence annually and modeled temporal trends with generalized additive models, which allowed flexible nonlinear relationships between disease prevalence and time. To assess recurrence dynamics and mortality risk, we fitted joint frailty models that simultaneously estimated rates of recurrent disease events and survival while accounting for individual heterogeneity. Apparent prevalence ranged from 2% to 38% depending on disease and year. For the most prevalent disease, caseous lymphadenitis (CLA), prevalence was higher in males (<i>β</i> = 2.08, <i>p</i> = 0.041) and did not vary across years. Despite small sample size (<i>n</i> = 9), joint frailty models yielded epidemiologically meaningful inference. Recurrence of CLA was positively associated with mortality (association parameter <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mi>α</mi>\u0000 <annotation>${{alpha}}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> = 2.32, <i>p</i> = 0.012), and male sex was a significant prognostic factor for terminal events (hazard ratio = 0.07, <i>p</i> = 0.019). Our proof of concept demonstrates that combining camera traps with marked individuals can provide a practical auxiliary or stand-alone tool for wildlife health monitoring. This approach is particularly suited to rare, elusive, or logistically inaccessible species and will gain further strength once its diagnostic specificity and sensitivity are validated.</p>","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":"40 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cobi.70283","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147670849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scientists’ warning on the global destruction of rock outcrop ecosystems","authors":"Luiza F. A. de Paula,&nbsp;Lucas N. Perillo,&nbsp;Gianluigi Ottaviani,&nbsp;Flávio F. Carmo,&nbsp;Mandar N. Datar,&nbsp;Katherine C. Enebeli-Ekwutoziam,&nbsp;Bruno Fogliani,&nbsp;Stephen D. Hopper,&nbsp;Aboli Kulkarni,&nbsp;Hans Lambers,&nbsp;Rafael F. Magalhães,&nbsp;Frederico S. Neves,&nbsp;Jean-François Ponge,&nbsp;Stefan Porembski,&nbsp;Bruno H. P. Rosado,&nbsp;Fernando M. G. Santos,&nbsp;Elycée Tindano,&nbsp;Bram Vanschoenwinkel,&nbsp;Aparna Watve,&nbsp;Fernando A. O. Silveira","doi":"10.1111/cobi.70316","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cobi.70316","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Rock outcrops are geological formations that harbor a highly specialized biota adapted to harsh environmental conditions that differ from their surrounding landscapes. They are globally distributed, especially in old, highly weathered landscapes, and can function as habitat islands containing high levels of endemism and distinct evolutionary lineages. Despite their ecoevolutionary importance, rock outcrops remain largely overlooked in global conservation policy, ecosystem typologies, and biodiversity monitoring frameworks. Extractive activities directly remove the geological substrate that underpins these habitats, and climate change intensifies drought, heatwaves, and hydrological instability. Rising global demand for energy-transition metals required for decarbonization is expected to further accelerate these pressures, particularly in biodiverse regions of the Global South where governance is weaker. Given that rock outcrop ecosystems are ecologically and evolutionarily significant, we devised a policy-relevant conservation roadmap structured around prevention, mitigation, restoration, and governance issues. Priority actions include recognizing rock outcrops as unique ecosystems in global classifications and ecosystem typologies, integrating them into biodiversity monitoring frameworks, and improving the identification of key biodiversity areas and the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Ecosystems assessments. We call for stronger environmental impact assessments, cumulative-impact evaluations for mining and quarrying projects, and the designation of mining and quarrying exclusion sites of high irreplaceability. Coordinated international policy, improved ecological data, and meaningful engagement with local and Indigenous communities are essential to safeguard these ancient ecosystems before further, irreversible losses occur.</p>","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":"40 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cobi.70316","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147856129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights for conservation from the Ecological Knowledge Games project","authors":"Yuan Pan,&nbsp;A. Bradley Duthie,&nbsp;Isabel Jones,&nbsp;Daksha Patel,&nbsp;Nils Bunnefeld","doi":"10.1111/cobi.70308","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cobi.70308","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Environmental conservation research requires robust methods for collecting large-scale behavioral data and engaging diverse stakeholders in decision-making processes. We (Y.P., A.B.D., and N.B.) created EcoKnowGames (Ecological Knowledge Games), a transdisciplinary project that develops knowledge games for conservation science and data collection. We explored two existing knowledge games created by ecologists for the project: Power Up!, which collected over 57,000 player decisions on energy–biodiversity trade-offs, and RESTORE, focused on ecosystem restoration scenarios. Building on these examples, EcoKnowGames integrates game development with ecological modeling to establish pathways from player decision-making data to predictive socioecological models. We developed EcoKnowGames open-source game builder tool in partnership with an established game studio, which allowed researchers to create custom knowledge games without extensive technical expertise. EcoKnowGames addresses key challenges in game-based research, including privacy protection, participant consent, community engagement, and policy applications. This novel approach contributes to conservation research by providing empirically tested tools for integrating human behavior data into socioecological models and offers a complementary approach to traditional stakeholder engagement methods in decision-making processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":"40 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cobi.70308","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147867112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Habitat and spatial trends of U.K. wintering waterbird populations over 50 years","authors":"Blaise Martay,&nbsp;Philipp H. Boersch-Supan,&nbsp;James W. Pearce-Higgins,&nbsp;Graham E. Austin,&nbsp;Niall H. K. Burton,&nbsp;David Noble,&nbsp;Kirsi Peck,&nbsp;Simon R. Wotton,&nbsp;Teresa M. Frost","doi":"10.1111/cobi.70310","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cobi.70310","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The United Kingdom is an important wintering ground for millions of waterbirds. Most U.K. wintering waterbird populations increased between 1970 and the mid-1990s, but declined thereafter. We examined U.K. population indices in 46 wintering waterbird species in two 25-year periods, 1970–1994 and 1995–2019, to identify which waterbird groups were vulnerable to declines. We modeled abundance to examine whether spatial patterns in population change were consistent with changes in habitat quality, climate, or phenology. We used the resulting model outputs to test whether there were patterns in these relationships across all monitored wintering waterbirds and within groups based on ecology, migratory strategy, and breeding location. Waterbird populations in the United Kingdom increased from 1970 to 1994, particularly in estuaries, but then showed mixed trends from 1995 to 2019: geese and swan populations increased, and waders declined. Wader declines were least apparent, although still declining, in estuaries and most apparent in reservoirs. Increased breeding season temperatures were linked to population increases for most species in both periods, although there was no beneficial impact of climate warming for migrants from 1995 to 2019. We found no evidence that apparent declines were due to phenological changes. These results highlight the need for more research into why U.K. wintering waterbird trends have become more negative over the past 25 years.</p>","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":"40 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cobi.70310","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147940312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying hotspots of faunal data deficiency to direct urgent research and monitoring","authors":"Matt W. Hayward,&nbsp;Danielle Verdon-Kidd,&nbsp;K. Colyvas,&nbsp;Ellen Saxon,&nbsp;Andrea S. Griffin","doi":"10.1111/cobi.70341","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cobi.70341","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Data deficiency is a substantial challenge for extinction risk assessments because incomplete data means we cannot accurately identify priority protected areas for conservation. Here, we use the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) distributions of amphibians, sharks and rays, fish, mammals, birds, and reptiles to identify hotspots of data deficient species. We found that areas with high numbers of data deficient species were not randomly distributed and did not necessarily overlap with hotspots of biodiversity, particularly in the Amazon and West Africa. Data deficiency hotspots were concentrated around tropical South America, Africa, and Southeast Asia; however, this distribution varied between taxa. Hotspots of data deficient amphibians were concentrated around the tropical Andean forests of Colombia, Peru, and Ecuador; throughout Brazil; and in the New Guinea Highlands. The tropical forests of the Congo River basin, Papua New Guinea, and the Philippines were hotspots for avian data deficiency. Data deficient chondrichthyans were concentrated in the tropical seas, particularly around the western coast of Africa, East Asia, and the tropical Americas. Indochina was identified as the primary hotspot for data deficient freshwater fish, whereas the Indo-Pacific was the primary hotspot for data deficient marine fish. Data deficient marine mammals were broadly distributed around the southern oceans, South America, Southeast Asia, and Northwest Africa. Data deficient herpetofauna were concentrated around tropical Asia, whereas tropical South America, Indonesia, and central Africa were the hotspots for data deficient terrestrial mammals. Although data deficiency reflected drivers of biodiversity more broadly (e.g., latitude), other factors were also influential, including the amount of conservation funding invested by a country and population density. Increasing evidence suggests that data deficient species are disproportionately likely to be threatened with extinction. Scientists urgently need to focus their research efforts on these data deficiency hotspots and ensure protected area networks are suitably representative and include data deficient species. Furthermore, the accuracy of status assessments needs to be ascertained, and data deficient species need to be prioritized for study to ensure they are not lost before they are identified.</p>","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":"40 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cobi.70341","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148155602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of traded bird species in key biodiversity areas","authors":"Oscar Morton,&nbsp;Tom Lansley,&nbsp;Stuart H. M. Butchart,&nbsp;Graeme M. Buchanan,&nbsp;David P. Edwards","doi":"10.1111/cobi.70277","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cobi.70277","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The use and trade of biodiversity involve tens of thousands of species that are exploited at a range of scales, intensities, and degrees of sustainability. As a result, some are highly threatened. Key biodiversity areas (KBAs) are sites of significance for the persistence of biodiversity identified nationally based on standardized criteria. The degree to which biodiversity in KBAs is likely to be used and traded is not well understood. We undertook a fine-scale assessment of the area of habitat (AOH) of traded species in KBAs. We used data on &gt;16,000 KBAs and combined these with AOH maps for &gt;10,000 bird species, a heavily traded and well-documented indicator taxon. We subsequently mapped and quantified the distribution of traded species richness, extinction risk, and range-size rarity in and adjacent to KBAs. Although less than half of all bird species are traded, we found that most bird species in KBAs were traded, and the richness of traded species was more than twice (119%) that of nontraded species. Traded species had comparable proportions of their AOH (22.5% on average) in KBAs as nontraded species (21.5%). Global hotspots of richness, extinction risk, and range rarity for traded species disproportionately occurred in KBAs, which had higher levels of extinction risk and range rarity for traded species than locations immediately outside KBAs. Of the 46 species that are likely threatened by unsustainable use and have the majority of their habitat falling within KBAs, we found that eight species had no habitat in designated protected areas. Reconciling sustainable use and the critical importance of KBAs for threatened species is essential. Our results suggest that for some species, there is an urgent need to protect key sites and ensure that any use and trade of species within them are sustainable.</p>","PeriodicalId":10689,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Biology","volume":"40 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cobi.70277","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147580509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}