Comparative medicine最新文献_第9页

Natural Transmission and Experimental Models of SARS CoV-2 Infection in Animals. SARS - CoV-2在动物中的自然传播和实验模型

IF 0.8 4区农林科学

Comparative medicine Pub Date : 2021-10-01 Epub Date: 2021-10-26 DOI: 10.30802/AALAS-CM-21-000046

Jessica C Gomes Noll, Gabriela M do Nascimento, Diego G Diel

引用次数: 0

Overview of Coronaviruses in Veterinary Medicine. 兽医学中的冠状病毒概述。

IF 1.3 4区农林科学

Comparative medicine Pub Date : 2021-10-01 Epub Date: 2021-08-19 DOI: 10.30802/AALAS-CM-21-000007

Susan R Compton

引用次数: 0

The Role of Animal Research in Pandemic Responses. 动物研究在大流行应对中的作用。

IF 0.8 4区农林科学

Comparative medicine Pub Date : 2021-10-01 Epub Date: 2021-10-05 DOI: 10.30802/AALAS-CM-21-000062

Jacqueline K Brockhurst, Jason S Villano

引用次数: 2

Viral and Host Attributes Underlying the Origins of Zoonotic Coronaviruses in Bats. 蝙蝠中动物源性冠状病毒起源的病毒和宿主属性。

IF 0.8 4区农林科学

Comparative medicine Pub Date : 2021-10-01 Epub Date: 2021-10-11 DOI: 10.30802/AALAS-CM-21-000027

Alison E Stout, Qinghua Guo, Jean K Millet, Gary R Whittaker

{"title":"Viral and Host Attributes Underlying the Origins of Zoonotic Coronaviruses in Bats.","authors":"Alison E Stout, Qinghua Guo, Jean K Millet, Gary R Whittaker","doi":"10.30802/AALAS-CM-21-000027","DOIUrl":"10.30802/AALAS-CM-21-000027","url":null,"abstract":"With a presumed origin in bats, the COVID-19 pandemic has been a major source of morbidity and mortality in the hu- man population, and the causative agent, SARS-CoV-2, aligns most closely at the genome level with the bat coronaviruses RaBtCoV4991/RaTG13 and RmYN02. The ability of bats to provide reservoirs of numerous viruses in addition to coronaviruses remains an active area of research. Unique aspects of the physiology of the chiropteran immune system may contribute to the ability of bats to serve as viral reservoirs. The coronavirus spike protein plays important roles in viral pathogenesis and the immune response. Although much attention has focused on the spike receptor-binding domain, a unique aspect of SARS-CoV-2 as compared with its closest relatives is the presence of a furin cleavage site in the S1-S2 region of the spike protein. Proteolytic activation is likely an important feature that allows SARS-CoV-2-and other coronaviruses-to overcome the species barriers and thus cause human disease. The diversity of bat species limits the ability to draw broad conclusions about viral pathogenesis, but comparisons across species and with reference to humans and other susceptible mammals may guide future research in this regard.","PeriodicalId":10659,"journal":{"name":"Comparative medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8594259/pdf/cm21000027.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39531322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Effects of Ketamine on the Gut Microbiome on CD1 Mice. 氯胺酮对CD1小鼠肠道微生物组的影响。

IF 0.8 4区农林科学

Comparative medicine Pub Date : 2021-08-01 Epub Date: 2021-07-23 DOI: 10.30802/AALAS-CM-20-000117

Samantha A Gerb, Ryan J Dashek, Aaron C Ericsson, Rachel Griffin, Craig L Franklin

{"title":"The Effects of Ketamine on the Gut Microbiome on CD1 Mice.","authors":"Samantha A Gerb, Ryan J Dashek, Aaron C Ericsson, Rachel Griffin, Craig L Franklin","doi":"10.30802/AALAS-CM-20-000117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30802/AALAS-CM-20-000117","url":null,"abstract":"The intestinal microbiota of an organism can significantly alter outcome data in otherwise identical experiments. Occasionally, animals may require sedation or anesthesia for scientific or health-related purposes, and certain anesthetics, such as ketamine, can profoundly affect the gastrointestinal system. While many factors can alter the gut microbiome (GM), the effects of anesthetics on the composition or diversity of the GM have not been established. The goal of the current study was to determine whether daily administration of ketamine would significantly alter the microbiome of CD1 mice. To achieve this goal, female CD1 mice received daily injections of ketamine HCl (100 mg/kg) or the equivalent volume of 0.9% saline for 10 consecutive days. Fecal samples were collected before the first administration and 24 h after the final dose of either ketamine or saline. Samples were analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing to identify changes between groups in diversity or composition of GM. The study found no significant changes to the GM after serial ketamine administration when treated mice were housed with controls. Therefore, ketamine administration is unlikely to alter the GM of a CD1 mouse and should not serve be a confounding factor in reproducibility of research.","PeriodicalId":10659,"journal":{"name":"Comparative medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8383998/pdf/cm2021000295.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39215898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Relationships between Slc1a5 and Osteoclastogenesis. Slc1a5与破骨细胞发生的关系。

IF 0.8 4区农林科学

Comparative medicine Pub Date : 2021-08-01 Epub Date: 2021-06-28 DOI: 10.30802/AALAS-CM-21-000012

Hideki Tsumura, Miyuki Shindo, Morihiro Ito, Arisa Igarashi, Kazue Takeda, Kenji Matsumoto, Takashi Ohkura, Kenji Miyado, Fumihiro Sugiyama, Akihiro Umezawa, Yasuhiko Ito

{"title":"Relationships between Slc1a5 and Osteoclastogenesis.","authors":"Hideki Tsumura, Miyuki Shindo, Morihiro Ito, Arisa Igarashi, Kazue Takeda, Kenji Matsumoto, Takashi Ohkura, Kenji Miyado, Fumihiro Sugiyama, Akihiro Umezawa, Yasuhiko Ito","doi":"10.30802/AALAS-CM-21-000012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30802/AALAS-CM-21-000012","url":null,"abstract":"Slc1a5 (ASCT2) encodes a small neutral amino-acid exchanger and is the most well-studied glutamine transporter in cancer cells. To investigate the role of Slc1a5 in osteoclastogenesis, we developed Slc1a5-deficient mice by using a conventional gene-targeting approach. The Slc1a5-/- mice showed no obvious abnormalities in growth. Glutamine uptake was assessed in Slc1a5+/+ and Slc1a5-/- bone marrow cells stimulated with RANKL. The rate of glutamine uptake in Slc1a5-/- bone marrow cells was reduced to 70% of that of cells from Slc1a5+/+ bone marrow. To confirm the involvement of Slc1a5 in osteoclast formation, bone marrow cells derived from Slc1a5+/+ or Slc1a5-/- mice were stimulated with RANKL and macrophage colony-stimulating factor and stained with tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase. The bone resorption activity and actin ring formation of stimulated cells were measured. The formation of multinucleated osteoclasts in bone marrow cells isolated from Slc1a5-/- mice was severely impaired compared with those from Slc1a5+/+ mice. RANKL-induced expression of ERK, NFκB, p70S6K, and NFATc1 was suppressed in Slc1a5-/- osteoclasts. These results show that Slc1a5 plays an important role in osteoclast formation.","PeriodicalId":10659,"journal":{"name":"Comparative medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8384000/pdf/cm2021000285.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39215897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Edwardsiella ictaluri in a Colony of Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Used in a Teaching Laboratory. 斑马鱼群体中的爱德华氏菌(斑马鱼版)在教学实验室中的应用。

IF 0.8 4区农林科学

Comparative medicine Pub Date : 2021-08-01 Epub Date: 2021-06-29 DOI: 10.30802/AALAS-CM-21-000034

Francis J Sun, Marcus J Crim, Mathias Leblanc

{"title":"Edwardsiella ictaluri in a Colony of Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Used in a Teaching Laboratory.","authors":"Francis J Sun, Marcus J Crim, Mathias Leblanc","doi":"10.30802/AALAS-CM-21-000034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30802/AALAS-CM-21-000034","url":null,"abstract":"A small colony of zebrafish (Danio rerio) experienced 30% acute mortality within a few days after receipt from a commercial source. A few fish presented with small areas of raised scales or tissue necrosis, primarily near the caudal peduncle. Edwardsiella ictaluri (E. ictaluri) was identified by real-time PCR of pooled zebrafish and swabs of the pre-filter and fine filter pads, with subsequent sequence analysis. E. ictaluri is most commonly associated with an enteric septicemia in catfish species and can have significant economic impact on commercial catfish fisheries. However, several references report naturally occurring E. ictaluri infection of nonictalurid fishes, including zebrafish. Ours is the first report demonstrating the use of environmental sampling to identify E. ictaluri in a zebrafish colony by real-time PCR. Moreover, our report indicates that E. ictaluri is a relevant disease for institutions using zebrafish as research species and emphasizes the importance of carefully considering importation and quarantine practices.","PeriodicalId":10659,"journal":{"name":"Comparative medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8384001/pdf/cm2021000318.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39039655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Review of Principal Studies on the Development and Treatment of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer in the Laying Hen Gallus gallus. 蛋鸡上皮性卵巢癌发生及治疗的主要研究综述。

IF 0.8 4区农林科学

Comparative medicine Pub Date : 2021-08-01 Epub Date: 2021-07-29 DOI: 10.30802/AALAS-CM-20-000116

Purab Pal, Kara Nicole Starkweather, Karen Held Hales, Dale Buchanan Hales

{"title":"A Review of Principal Studies on the Development and Treatment of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer in the Laying Hen Gallus gallus.","authors":"Purab Pal, Kara Nicole Starkweather, Karen Held Hales, Dale Buchanan Hales","doi":"10.30802/AALAS-CM-20-000116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30802/AALAS-CM-20-000116","url":null,"abstract":"Often referred to as the silent killer, ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy. This disease rarely shows any physical symptoms until late stages and no known biomarkers are available for early detection. Because ovarian cancer is rarely detected early, the physiology behind the initiation, progression, treatment, and prevention of this disease remains largely unclear. Over the past 2 decades, the laying hen has emerged as a model that naturally develops epithelial ovarian cancer that is both pathologically and histologically similar to that of the human form of the disease. Different molecular signatures found in human ovarian cancer have also been identified in chicken ovarian cancer including increased CA125 and elevated E-cadherin expression, among others. Chemoprevention studies conducted in this model have shown that decreased ovulation and inflammation are associated with decreased incidence of ovarian cancer development. The purpose of this article is to review the major studies performed in laying hen model of ovarian cancer and discuss how these studies shape our current understanding of the pathophysiology, prevention, and treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer.","PeriodicalId":10659,"journal":{"name":"Comparative medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8383999/pdf/cm2021000271.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39257153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Psychometrics of the Balance Beam Functional Test in C57BL/6 Mice. C57BL/6小鼠平衡木功能测试的心理测量学。

IF 0.8 4区农林科学

Comparative medicine Pub Date : 2021-08-01 Epub Date: 2021-07-26 DOI: 10.30802/AALAS-CM-21-000033

Melissa C Orenduff, Erika T Rezeli, Stephen D Hursting, Carl F Pieper

{"title":"Psychometrics of the Balance Beam Functional Test in C57BL/6 Mice.","authors":"Melissa C Orenduff, Erika T Rezeli, Stephen D Hursting, Carl F Pieper","doi":"10.30802/AALAS-CM-21-000033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30802/AALAS-CM-21-000033","url":null,"abstract":"Aging is associated with a progressive decline in physical function characterized by decreased mobility, which is an important risk factor for loss of independence and reduced quality of life. Functional testing conducted in animals has advanced our understanding of age-related changes in physical ability and contributed to the development of physiologic measurements that can be used to assess functional changes during aging. The balance beam test is one assessment tool used to measure age-related changes in balance and coordination. The goal of this study is to provide analytical examples and psychometric support of a protocol that has been analyzed to show how the number of successive test runs, foot slips, pauses, and hesitations affect the reliability of the primary outcome measure, which is the time to cross the beam. Our results suggest that conducting more than 1 training session, consisting of greater than or equal to 3 successful training runs, followed by at least one test session with no less than 2 successful runs (that is, runs without pauses or hesitations) provides a psychometrically sound outcome. The data presented here indicate that a psychometric approach can improve protocol design and reliability of balance beam measures in mice.","PeriodicalId":10659,"journal":{"name":"Comparative medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8383997/pdf/cm2021000302.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39224903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Dietary Melatonin and Omega-3 Fatty Acids Induce Human Cancer Xenograft Regression In Vivo in Rats by Suppressing Linoleic Acid Uptake and Metabolism. 膳食褪黑素和Omega-3脂肪酸通过抑制亚油酸的摄取和代谢，诱导体内大鼠癌症异种移植物消退。

IF 0.8 4区农林科学

Comparative medicine Pub Date : 2021-08-01 Epub Date: 2021-06-29 DOI: 10.30802/AALAS-CM-21-000025

Erin M Dauchy, Robert T Dauchy, Robert P Tirrell, Leslie K Davidson, Steven M Hill, Leonard A Sauer, David E Blask

{"title":"Dietary Melatonin and Omega-3 Fatty Acids Induce Human Cancer Xenograft Regression In Vivo in Rats by Suppressing Linoleic Acid Uptake and Metabolism.","authors":"Erin M Dauchy, Robert T Dauchy, Robert P Tirrell, Leslie K Davidson, Steven M Hill, Leonard A Sauer, David E Blask","doi":"10.30802/AALAS-CM-21-000025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30802/AALAS-CM-21-000025","url":null,"abstract":"Melatonin, the circadian nighttime neurohormone, and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acids (DHA), which are omega-3 fatty acids (FA) found in high concentrations in fish oil (FO) and plants, abrogate the oncogenic effects of linoleic acid (LA), an omega-6 FA, on the growth of rodent tumors and human breast, prostate, and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) xenografts in vivo. Here we determined and compared the long-term effects of these inhibitory agents on tumor regression and LA uptake and metabolism to the mitogenic agent 13-[S]-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (13-[S]-HODE) in human prostate cancer 3 (PC3) and FaDu HNSCC xenografts in tumor-bearing male nude rats. Rats in this study were split into 3 groups and fed one of 2 diets: one diet containing 5% corn oil (CO, high LA), 5% CO oil and melatonin (2 μg/mL) or an alternative diet 5% FO (low LA). Rats whose diet contained melatonin had a faster rate of regression of PC3 prostate cancer xenografts than those receiving the FO diet, while both in the melatonin and FO groups induced the same rate of regression of HNSCC xenografts. The results also demonstrated that dietary intake of melatonin or FO significantly inhibited tumor LA uptake, cAMP content, 13-[S]-HODE formation, [³H]-thymidine incorporation into tumor DNA, and tumor DNA content. Therefore, long-term ingestion of either melatonin or FO can induce regression of PC3 prostate and HNSCC xenografts via a mechanism involving the suppression of LA uptake and metabolism by the tumor cells.","PeriodicalId":10659,"journal":{"name":"Comparative medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8383996/pdf/cm2021000309.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39118444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1