Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology最新文献

{"title":"Intergenerational effects of parental dimefluthrin and microcystins co-exposure on zebrafish: Impaired embryonic and larval development","authors":"Yinhui Xu ,&nbsp;Bo Gao ,&nbsp;Rongkai Bao ,&nbsp;Yafang Shi ,&nbsp;Wenhua Li ,&nbsp;Peng Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2025.110437","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2025.110437","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dimefluthrin (DIM), a widely used pyrethroid insecticide, and microcystin-LR (MC-LR), a potent cyanotoxin produced by harmful algal blooms, are both frequently detected in aquatic environments. However, the potential combined effects of these two contaminants, particularly regarding intergenerational toxicity, remain largely unexplored. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the intergenerational effects of chronic parental co-exposure to DIM and MC-LR in zebrafish. Adult zebrafish were exposed to DIM and MC-LR, alone or in combination, for 160 days. A panel of phenotypic, histological, biochemical, and transcriptomic analyses were conducted in both adults and their F1 offspring. Chronic co-exposure resulted in ovarian and hepatic tissue damage and reduced spawning rates in adult zebrafish. In the F1 generation, significant developmental abnormalities were observed, including reduced heart rate, spinal curvature, and impaired swim bladder inflation. These phenotypic defects were accompanied by significant downregulation of the mesothelial markers <em>anxa5b</em> and <em>hprt1l</em>, both of which contribute to swim bladder development in F1 larvae. Transcriptomic analysis revealed enrichment of ferroptosis-related pathways in maternal ovaries and both ferroptosis and necroptosis pathways in F1 larvae. Furthermore, mouse double minute 2 homolog (MDM2), fatty acid synthase (FASN), and farnesoid X receptor (FXR) were identified through molecular docking as potential DIM-interacting targets implicated in the regulation of ferroptosis. These findings provide new insights into the multigenerational risks posed by co-exposure to environmental pesticides and cyanotoxins, and emphasize the importance of incorporating intergenerational effects into water quality guidelines and chemical management strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10602,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology","volume":"301 ","pages":"Article 110437"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145809630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probiotic Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 10415 modulates florfenicol pharmacokinetics, withdrawal time, and hepatic CYP3A activity, potentially lowering antibiotic efficacy in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)","authors":"Chi-Ming Wu ,&nbsp;Yi-Ping Lu ,&nbsp;Tirawat Rairat ,&nbsp;Yu-Nan Tsai ,&nbsp;Channarong Rodkhum ,&nbsp;Prapansak Srisapoome ,&nbsp;Chi-Chung Chou","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2025.110438","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2025.110438","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Few studies have examined how probiotics affect drug efficacy in aquaculture. This study investigated impacts of <em>Enterococcus faecium</em> on the pharmacokinetics (PK), tissue residues, and withdrawal time (WDT) of florfenicol (FF) in Nile tilapia. Fish were orally administered <em>E. faecium</em> or saline at 25 °C for 10 days before receiving either a single FF dose at 10 mg/kg for the PK study or multiple doses over 5 days for the WDT evaluation. Compared to the controls, <em>E. faecium</em>-treated fish showed significantly reduced overall serum FF concentrations. After the single dose, the probiotic group exhibited a 32 % decrease in maximum serum concentration (C_max) and a 46 % reduction in area under the concentration-time curve (AUC), alongside a 1.8-fold increase in drug clearance (CL/F). One day after the 5-day FF treatment, the highest concentrations of FF and florfenicol amine (FFA) were found in bile, with both compounds present at higher levels in the probiotic group. <em>E. faecium</em>-treated fish also had a significantly lower minimum steady state serum FF concentration (2.37 ± 0.76 vs. 4.83 ± 1.06 μg/mL) and reduced total FF + FFA residues by 2.6 times in skin-on-muscle tissue, shortening WDT by one day. Furthermore, <em>E. faecium</em> pretreatment upregulated <em>Cyp3A40</em> in the intestine and liver but did not affect <em>Cyp1A</em> gene, thereby maintaining CYP3A enzyme activities that would otherwise be suppressed by FF. Collectively, these results indicate that <em>E. faecium</em> supplements reduce FF exposure, at least in part through enhanced biliary excretion and activation of hepatic CYP3A activity, potentially requiring a higher antibiotic dosage to maintain therapeutic efficacy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10602,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology","volume":"301 ","pages":"Article 110438"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145849110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"2-Hydroxyanthraquinone exposure causes the damage of cerebrovascular and blood brain barrier in zebrafish via inducing inflammation and downregulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway","authors":"Huimin Li ,&nbsp;Ziang Wang ,&nbsp;Suwei He ,&nbsp;Minghui Zhong ,&nbsp;Xichen Wang ,&nbsp;Weitao Hu ,&nbsp;Jingrong Tang ,&nbsp;Zhonghao Xiao ,&nbsp;Xiaowen Shi ,&nbsp;Zigang Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2025.110432","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2025.110432","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>2-Hydroxyanthraquinone (2-hATQ), a photooxidation product of anthracene (ANT) within polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), poses significant risks to ecological safety and human health. ANT is listed as a priority pollutant by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) due to its persistence and resistance to degradation in the environment. Consequently, 2-hATQ, inheriting these characteristics from its parent compound, is ubiquitously present in the environment and exhibits greater toxicity than ANT itself. However, research on its toxicological effects, particularly concerning cerebrovascular toxicity, remains limited. In this study, acute exposure of zebrafish embryos to various concentrations of 2-hATQ resulted in significant cerebrovascular developmental abnormalities, manifested as reduced total vascular area and decreased vessel number in the brain. Moreover, the number of brain microglia, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and apoptotic cell counts were markedly increased. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis revealed that 2-hATQ disrupts zebrafish cerebrovascular and blood-brain barrier development by upregulating pro-inflammatory cytokines (<em>il1β</em>, <em>tnf-α</em>, <em>nf-κb</em>, <em>il6</em>) and inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway (<em>lef1</em>, <em>β-catenin</em>, <em>dkk1</em>, <em>wif1</em>). The co-administration of dexamethasone or BML-284 effectively rescued the cerebrovascular damage. Furthermore, behavioral analysis demonstrated that exposed zebrafish larvae exhibited reduced locomotor activity and anxiety-like states. This study reveals for the first time the adverse effects of 2-hATQ exposure on brain vascular development in aquatic organisms, suggesting that 2-hATQ and its ANT-related derivatives may be potential risk factors for cerebrovascular diseases. Our findings reveal, for the first time, that 2-hATQ impairs cerebrovascular and BBB development through concurrent induction of inflammation and suppression of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, identifying these as critical mechanistic events in its toxicity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10602,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology","volume":"301 ","pages":"Article 110432"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145741194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The LdCDF4 confers Cu tolerance of Lymantria dispar larvae: A novel heavy metal transporter in insects","authors":"Tao Ren ,&nbsp;Yubin He ,&nbsp;Ying Wang ,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Ma ,&nbsp;Mingtao Tan ,&nbsp;Shanchun Yan ,&nbsp;Dun Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2025.110431","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2025.110431","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Even though copper (Cu) is a necessary trace element, it can cause growth toxicity in insects. This study investigates the mechanism of Cu tolerance in <em>Lymantria dispar</em> larvae in relation to the cation diffusion facilitator family (CDF). The results showed that larval mortality of <em>L. dispar</em> exhibited a dose-dependent response to Cu exposure, with a survival rate of 43 % even at high Cu concentrations (500 mg/kg). Of the seven CDF family genes examined, only <em>LdCDF4</em> showed significant upregulation in L. <em>dispar</em> larvae following Cu treatment. Subcellular localization experiments indicated that the <em>LdCDF4</em> protein localized to the cell membrane. At the individual level, compared with the L. <em>dispar</em> larvae treated with Cu alone, silencing of <em>LdCDF4</em> under Cu stress led to reduced body weight, prolonged developmental duration, upregulation of apoptosis-related genes, and further disruption of genes in the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. At the cellular level, <em>LdCDF4</em> overexpression mitigated Cu-induced damage in <em>Sf9</em> cells by enhancing cell viability, decreasing apoptosis, lowering Ca²⁺ levels, reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, minimizing mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) opening, and maintaining mitochondrial membrane potential. Collectively, <em>L. dispar</em> larvae exhibited strong Cu tolerance, with <em>LdCDF4</em> playing a key role by alleviating the ROS/Ca²⁺-MPTP opening-mitochondrial membrane potential-apoptosis cascade.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10602,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology","volume":"301 ","pages":"Article 110431"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145693277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early life tributyltin exposure has long term physiological effects on the zebrafish (Danio rerio) visual system","authors":"Jennifer S. Jensen ,&nbsp;Peyman Owrang ,&nbsp;Avery Sherffius ,&nbsp;Claire Selby ,&nbsp;Nathaniel R. Fleming ,&nbsp;Logan Ouellette ,&nbsp;Matthew Hartings ,&nbsp;Victoria P. Connaughton","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2025.110416","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2025.110416","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tributyltin (TBT) is an antiestrogenic endocrine disrupting compound used in the production of plastic, timber, and aquatic antifouling paints. Previous studies focusing on short-term effects of TBT exposure have identified immediate detrimental effects. Here, we evaluate whether a transient (24 h) exposure to TBT during development can cause persistent effects that remain after removal from treatment. Zebrafish (<em>Danio rerio</em>) larvae were exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of TBT (0.04 and 0.4 μg/L) when they were either 3- or 7-days post-fertilization (dpf). After exposure, larvae were returned to recovery conditions and assessed 2-weeks, 4-weeks, or &gt; 5 months postexposure. Exposure to 0.4 μg/L TBT at 3 dpf decreased total and distal retinal thicknesses. Adult (&gt;5 month) photopic electroretinograms revealed physiological changes to photoreceptor a-wave and ON-bipolar cell b-wave components, with greater deficits in the 0.4 μg/L group. TBT exposure at 7 dpf significantly increased retinal inner plexiform layer thickness at 2-weeks, an effect that persisted to adulthood. Adult electroretinograms were also altered, with 0.04 μg/L TBT increasing and delaying a-wave and OFF-bipolar d-wave responses and increasing b-wave amplitude. Thus, the impact of TBT exposure depends on both concentration and exposure age, with retinal sequelae characterized by early anatomical and later physiological deficits. These data suggest that TBT exposure during critical periods of visual system development causes persistent age- and concentration-dependent deficits that are specific to the retina, revealing a previously unknown effect of this compound.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10602,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology","volume":"301 ","pages":"Article 110416"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145647435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concurrent endoplasmic reticulum stress and demyelination in DEHP-exposed zebrafish larvae at the early developmental stages","authors":"Garima Jindal ,&nbsp;Anuradha Mangla ,&nbsp;Mehjbeen Javed ,&nbsp;Mohd. Anas Saifi ,&nbsp;Iqra Mazahir ,&nbsp;Padmshree Mudgal ,&nbsp;Shiekh Raisuddin","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2025.110394","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2025.110394","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Di-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) is an endocrine disruptor with established neurotoxic as well as potential neurodegenerative effects. The myelin sheath plays a crucial role in maintaining the health of the nervous system, whereas demyelination contributes to the onset of brain diseases. This study investigated the effect of DEHP on the neurological development with special reference to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, inflammation, and concurrently with demyelination and cellular apoptotic development in zebrafish larvae. Results indicated that DEHP exposure can lead to demyelination through ER stress and inflammation, as evident from the decreased expression of myelin basic protein (Mbp) in both the brain and spinal cord of zebrafish larvae analyzed through immunofluorescent assay. The mRNA expression of axon marker <em>nfl</em> significantly increased, while <em>tuba1a</em> was decreased with DEHP exposure. Western blotting analysis revealed that ER stress markers such as phosphorylated inositol-requiring enzyme 1 alpha (p-Ire1α), activating transcription factor 4 (Atf4), binding immunoglobulin protein (Bip), phosphorylated e-IF2 alpha (p-eIF2α), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (Chop), and inflammatory markers (nuclear factor kappa B subunit p65; Nf-κb p65), ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1), and glial fibrillary acid protein (Gfap), were significantly upregulated on exposure to DEHP. Scototaxis, a behavioral assay, showed an altered anxiety-like behaviour in DEHP-treated larvae. Oxidative stress markers, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and monoamine oxidase (MAO) were also elevated. Apoptotic cells were observed in DEHP-treated zebrafish larvae in acridine orange staining. Overall, the DEHP exposure to zebrafish larvae caused myelin sheath degeneration and axonal dysfunction due to the generation of ER stress and inflammation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10602,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology","volume":"301 ","pages":"Article 110394"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145563064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic effects of high temperature and hypoxia on energy metabolism and physiological homeostasis in the Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis)","authors":"Cong Zhang ,&nbsp;Dunqian Deng ,&nbsp;Huixia Feng ,&nbsp;Su Jiang ,&nbsp;Zihao Song ,&nbsp;Kai Zhang ,&nbsp;Longlong Fu ,&nbsp;Shaowu Yin","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2025.110436","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2025.110436","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High temperature and hypoxia are critical environmental stressors affecting the intensive aquaculture of the Chinese mitten crab (<em>Eriocheir sinensis</em>). This study aimed to investigate the differential physiological response mechanisms of juvenile crabs under single stress and combined stress. The results revealed that combined high-temperature and hypoxia stress exerted a significant synergistic negative effect on juvenile crabs compared to single stressors. Under combined stress, mitochondrial structural damage is observed in gill tissues, accompanied by markedly reduced activities of cytochrome <em>c</em> oxidase and cytochrome <em>c</em>, indicating impairment of the aerobic respiratory pathway. In response, the hepatopancreas undergoes reconstruction of energy metabolism patterns, characterized by a significant decrease in glycogen content, along with elevated levels of glucose, pyruvate, and lactate in the hemolymph. In addition, the activities of hexokinase and pyruvate kinase in the hepatopancreas increased, while succinate dehydrogenase activity decreased. Concurrently, the function of the antioxidant system is dysregulated, with decreases in total antioxidant capacity and glutathione levels, and the expression of antioxidant-related genes shows a similar trend. In addition, the expression levels of immune- and apoptosis-related genes were significantly up-regulated. These results indicate that combined stress leads to systemic energy metabolism disorder, exacerbated oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory response and apoptosis, and functional organ damage. The results underscore that combined environmental stressors can induce nonlinear and more severe physiological damage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10602,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology","volume":"301 ","pages":"Article 110436"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145780514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Triclosan induces spermatogenic damage via the oxidative stress-P53-apoptosis pathway in zebrafish","authors":"Fan Wang,&nbsp;Yiran Liu,&nbsp;Huiwen Yang,&nbsp;Ying Zhang,&nbsp;Fei Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2025.110379","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2025.110379","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Triclosan (TCS), a widely used antimicrobial agent, has been identified as a reproductive endocrine disruptor. However, the mechanisms underlying TCS-induced gonadal damage remain incompletely understood. In this study, zebrafish were chronically exposed to TCS from 4 h post-fertilization (hpf) to 120 days post-fertilization (dpf). A comprehensive analysis was conducted, including assessment of testicular cell apoptosis in adult fish, evaluation of apoptosis-related genes and proteins in both adult testes and 50-day-old juveniles, and transcriptome sequencing. The results showed that TCS exposure downregulated mRNA expression of oxidative stress-related and anti-apoptotic genes, while upregulating pro-apoptotic gene expression along with P53 and Caspase 3 protein levels, ultimately leading to a significant increase in testicular apoptotic cells. Transcriptome sequencing analysis revealed enrichment of the P53 signaling pathway, apoptosis pathway, response to oxidative stress biological process. These findings indicate that postembryonic exposure to TCS causes gonadal damage primarily by inducing oxidative stress, which increases P53 expression, subsequently regulating pro-apoptotic gene expression and suppressing anti-apoptotic proteins, thereby activating the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway and death receptor pathway, potentially affecting growth, development, and reproductive toxicity. This study systematically elucidates the molecular mechanism by which TCS induces reproductive toxicity through the oxidative stress-P53 axis, which triggers both the mitochondrial and death receptor apoptotic pathways. Our findings provide important experimental evidence and a theoretical reference for the scientific assessment of TCS-related reproductive health risks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10602,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology","volume":"300 ","pages":"Article 110379"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145430368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The marine water flea Diaphanosoma celebensis as an emerging model for ocean health research: A review","authors":"Duck-Hyun Kim ,&nbsp;Jin-Sol Lee ,&nbsp;Min-Sub Kim ,&nbsp;Zhou Yang ,&nbsp;Atsushi Hagiwara ,&nbsp;Jae-Seong Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2025.110400","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2025.110400","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Diaphanosoma celebensis</em>, a marine water flea, has gained recognition as a valuable model organism in marine ecotoxicology, ecophysiology, and epigenetics. This review highlights the significance of <em>D. celebensis</em> in environmental research, emphasizing its high-quality genomic and transcriptomic resources, adaptability to environmental stressors, and sensitivity to pollutants. The species' utility in studying molecular responses to contaminants such as microplastics, heavy metals, and endocrine disruptors is underscored by its ability to provide insights into detoxification pathways, stress response mechanisms, and epigenetic modifications. <em>Diaphanosoma celebensis</em> serves as a critical tool for advancing our understanding of the ecological impacts of pollution and the adaptive capacities of marine invertebrates. This review synthesizes existing research, explores the species' strengths as a research model, and identifies future research directions. All evidence suggests <em>D. celebensis</em> can complement traditional freshwater models and enhance our capacity to monitor and protect marine health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10602,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology","volume":"300 ","pages":"Article 110400"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145581979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rare earth element lanthanum induces inflammatory response in zebrafish through TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway","authors":"Xinhao Ye ,&nbsp;Shiyi Duan ,&nbsp;Hao Wang ,&nbsp;Shimei Xiao ,&nbsp;Mijia Li ,&nbsp;Wei Yuan ,&nbsp;Yan Zhao ,&nbsp;Yiyue Zhang ,&nbsp;Keyuan Zhong","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2025.110391","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2025.110391","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The inflammatory response is a core protective physiological process against stimuli like infection or injury, and can be initiated by autoimmune disorders. It is primarily characterized by neutrophil-dominated leukocytosis and may lead to multiple organ dysfunction in severe cases. Environmental factors play an important role in the inflammatory response. Rare earth elements are not essential elements for living organisms. However, owing to large-scale mining and use, their concentrations in the environment have increased. Thus, rare earth elements are now considered emerging environmental pollutants, and the risks that rare earth elements pose to human health need further investigation. In this study, zebrafish were used as experimental animals, and zebrafish embryos were exposed to the different concentrations of lanthanum chloride (0, 5, 15, and 25 mg/L) to analyze its effect on embryo development and immune system. The number and distribution of zebrafish neutrophils as well as changes in oxidative stress and the expression of genes related to inflammation were analyzed. The results indicated that lanthanum chloride exposure reduced the heart rate, shortened the body length, and increased the yolk area of zebrafish embryos. In addition, exposure to lanthanum chloride caused the diffusion of neutrophils, leading to inflammation in zebrafish. Concurrently, the exposure led to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species in zebrafish, which subsequently resulted in the upregulation of malondialdehyde, catalase, and superoxide dismutase levels. Further experiments revealed that exposure to lanthanum chloride led to the upregulation of several inflammation-related genes, such as <em>il-6</em>, <em>il-8</em>, <em>il-10</em>, and <em>cxcl-c1c</em>, as well as certain TLR4/NF-κB signaling-related genes, including <em>tlr4</em>, <em>myd88</em>, <em>nf-κb p65</em>, <em>il-1β</em>, and <em>tnf-α</em>. The TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway inhibitor andrographolide can alleviate the inflammatory response induced by lanthanum chloride exposure. In conclusion, lanthanum chloride induced inflammation in zebrafish by activating the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. The study results can provide a reference for evaluating the health risks of rare earth elements in humans.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10602,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology","volume":"300 ","pages":"Article 110391"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145581934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}