Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology最新文献

{"title":"Acute lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cell membrane hyperpolarization is independent of voltage gated and calcium activated potassium channels","authors":"Shelby McCubbin,&nbsp;Alexis Meade,&nbsp;Douglas A. Harrison,&nbsp;Robin L. Cooper","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.110004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.110004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The gram-negative toxin lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are known to trigger inflammatory cytokines in mammals, which can result in pathological responses. Upon treatment of bacterial sepsis with antibiotics, the lysing bacteria can present a surge in LPS, inducing a cytokine storm. However, LPS can also have direct cellular effects, including transient rapid hyperpolarizing of the membrane potential, blocking glutamate receptors and even promoting release of glutamate. The detailed mechanism of action for these immediate responses is still unresolved. In addressing the membrane hyperpolarization, voltage gated K⁺ channel blockers 4-aminopyridine (4-AP, 3 mM), quinidine hydrochloride monohydrate (0.1 mM) and tetraethylammonium (TEA, 20 mM) were examined along with RNAi knockdowns of potential calcium activated K⁺ channels. The immediate responses of LPS were not blocked. Even in the presence of glutamate, the membrane still hyperpolarizes with LPS. When the driving gradient for the ionotropic glutamate receptors is enhanced during hyperpolarization, spontaneous quantal responses are dampened in amplitude. Thus, glutamate receptors are blocked, and the mechanism of hyperpolarization remains unresolved. The larval <em>Drosophila</em> glutamatergic neuromuscular junction is used as a model synaptic preparation to address the direct rapid actions by LPS.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10602,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology","volume":"285 ","pages":"Article 110004"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141999554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hexavalent chromium damages intestinal cells and coelomocytes and impairs immune function in the echiuran worm Urechis unicinctus by causing oxidative stress and apoptosis","authors":"Shun Liu ,&nbsp;Chenxiao Xi ,&nbsp;Yuxin Wu ,&nbsp;Sijie Wang ,&nbsp;Baiyu Li ,&nbsp;Long Zhu ,&nbsp;Xinghong Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.110002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.110002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is a common pollutant in the marine environment, which impairs immunity and causes reproductive and heredity disorders in organisms. To clarify the immunotoxic effects of Cr (VI) on the marine worm <em>Urechis unicinctus</em>, we analyzed tissue damage and immune dysfunction caused by Cr (VI) in this organism at histopathologic, zymologic, apoptotic and molecular levels. The results indicated that the bioaccumulation of Cr (VI) bioaccumulation levels in coelomocytes was significantly higher than in the intestines and muscles. Pathological observation showed that Cr (VI) caused damage to the respiratory intestine, stomach and midgut. Cr (VI) also increased the replication of goblet cells and a reduction in the replication of epithelial cells. Meanwhile, Cr (VI) induced apoptosis of intestinal cells and coelomocytes, accompanied by an increase in the expression of <em>Caspase-3</em>, <em>COX-2</em>, and <em>MyD88</em> in the intestine and coelomocytes. At the same time, Cr (VI) significantly affected the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD, ACP, CAT, CAT, and GST, and increased H₂O₂ and MDA contents in <em>U. unicinctus</em>. Moreover, Cr (VI) exposure also up-regulated the transcription of <em>hsc70</em>, <em>mt</em> and <em>jnk</em> genes but decreased that of <em>sod</em> in the intestines. In contrast, Cr (VI) down-regulated the expression of <em>sod</em>, <em>hsc70</em>, <em>mt</em>, and <em>jnk</em> genes in coelomocytes. Collectively, Cr (VI) bioaccumulated in <em>U. unicinctus</em> cells and tissues, causing several histopathological changes, oxidative stress, and apoptosis of several cells in the organism, resulting in intestinal and coelomocyte damage and immune dysfunctioning.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10602,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology","volume":"285 ","pages":"Article 110002"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141995472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanisms of mitochondrial resilience in teleostean radial glia under hypoxic stress","authors":"Juanjuan Fu ,&nbsp;Christopher J. Martyniuk ,&nbsp;Linbin Zhou ,&nbsp;Xiaolan Guo ,&nbsp;Wei Chi","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.110001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.110001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Radial glial cells (RGCs) are remarkable cells, essential for normal development of the vertebrate central nervous system. In teleost fishes, RGCs play a pivotal role in neurogenesis and regeneration of injured neurons and glia. RGCs also exhibit resilience to environmental stressors like hypoxia via metabolic adaptations. In this study, we assessed the physiology of RGCs following varying degrees of hypoxia, with an emphasis on reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), mitophagy, and energy metabolism. Our findings demonstrated that hypoxia significantly elevated ROS production and induced MMP depolarization in RGCs. The mitochondrial disturbances were closely associated with increased mitophagy, based on the co-localization of mitochondria and lysosomes. Key mitophagy-related genes were also up-regulated, including those of the BNIP3/NIX mediated pathway as well as the FUNDC1 mediated pathway. Such responses suggest robust cellular mechanisms are initiated to counteract mitochondrial damage due to increasing hypoxia. A significant metabolic shift from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis was also observed in RGCs, which may underlie an adaptive response to sustain cellular function and viability following a reduction in oxygen availability. Furthermore, hypoxia inhibited the synthesis of mitochondrial complexes subunits in RGCs, potentially related to elevated HIF-2α expression with 3 % O₂. Taken together, RGCs appear to exhibit complex adaptive responses to hypoxic stress, characterized by metabolic reprogramming and the activation of mitophagy pathways to mitigate mitochondrial dysfunction.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10602,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology","volume":"285 ","pages":"Article 110001"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141995473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lactobacillus delbrueckii ameliorates Aeromonas hydrophila-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and immunosuppression of Cyprinus carpio huanghe var NF-κB/Nrf2 signaling pathway","authors":"Chunnuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Changchang Pu ,&nbsp;Shengnan Li ,&nbsp;Ruiyi Xu ,&nbsp;Qian Qi ,&nbsp;Juan Du","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.110000","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.110000","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em> (<em>A. hydrophila</em>) is one of the most pathogenic disease-causing bacteria, and causes massive death of animals including fish. Thus, strategies are being sought to ameliorate the impact of <em>A. hydrophila</em>. In this study, we have evaluated the ameliorative potential of dietary <em>Lactobacillus delbrueckii</em> (<em>L. delbrueckii</em>). The fishes were divided into the control group, an <em>A. hydrophila</em> group (<em>A. hydrophila</em>), and an L. <em>delbrueckii</em> group (<em>A. hydrophila</em> + 1*10⁷ CFU/g <em>L. delbrueckii</em>). The results showed that <em>A. hydrophila</em> increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) content. However, dietary supplementation with L. <em>delbrueckii</em> prevented oxidative damage caused by elevated levels of ROS. The toxic effects of <em>A. hydrophila</em> on superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR), along with the levels of glutathione (GSH), were mitigated by dietary L. <em>delbrueckii</em> (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Also, Dietary L. <em>delbrueckii</em> induced the expression of antioxidant-related genes (<em>sod</em>, <em>cat</em>, <em>gpx</em>, <em>gst</em>, NF-E2-related factor 2 (<em>nrf2</em>), Kelch-like-ECH-and associated protein 1a (<em>keap1a</em>)) in the intestine of fish (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, <em>L. delbrueckii</em> increased <em>A. hydrophila</em>-induced lysozyme, ACP, C3, and C4 decline. The mRNA expression levels of interleukin 1β (il-1β), interleukin 8 (<em>il-8</em>), tumour necrosis factor α (<em>tnf-α</em>), and nuclear transcription factor-κB p65 (<em>nf-κb p65</em>) were significantly elevated by <em>A. hydrophila</em>. In contrast, the relative mRNA expression levels of <em>inhibitor factor κBα (iκbα)</em> in the intestine were decreased by <em>A. hydrophila</em> (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). However, <em>L. delbrueckii</em> prevented <em>A. hydrophila</em>-induced the relative mRNA expression changes. These present results demonstrate that dietary L. <em>delbrueckii</em> alleviated <em>A. hydrophila</em>-induced oxidative stress, immunosuppression, inflammation, and apoptosis in common <em>Cyprinus carpio</em>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10602,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology","volume":"285 ","pages":"Article 110000"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141987541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Basal release and relaxation responses to 6-nitrodopamine in swine carotid, coronary, femoral, and renal arteries","authors":"Rafael Campos ,&nbsp;Ana Julia Schmidt Niederauer ,&nbsp;José Britto-Júnior ,&nbsp;Valéria B. de Souza ,&nbsp;André A. Schenka ,&nbsp;Fabiola Z. Monica ,&nbsp;Manoel Odorico Moraes ,&nbsp;Maria Elisabete A. Moraes ,&nbsp;Edson Antunes ,&nbsp;Gilberto De Nucci","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.110003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.110003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Mammalian and reptilian vascular tissues present basal release of 6-nitrodopamine, which is reduced when the tissues are pre-incubated with the NO synthase inhibitor L-N^G-Nitro arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), or when the endothelium is mechanically removed. 6-Nitrodopamine induces vasorelaxation in pre-contracted vascular rings by antagonizing the dopaminergic D_2-like receptor. Here it was investigated whether male swine vessels (including carotid, left descendent coronary, renal, and femoral arteries) release 6-nitrodopamine, dopamine, noradrenaline, and adrenaline, as measured by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. The <em>in vitro</em> vasorelaxant action of 6-nitrodopamine was evaluated in carotid, coronary, renal, and femoral arteries precontracted by U-46619 (3 nM), and compared to that induced by the dopamine D₂-receptor antagonist L-741,626. Expression of tyrosine hydroxylase and the neuromaker calretinin was investigated by immunohistochemistry. All vascular tissues presented basal release of endothelium-derived catecholamines. The relaxation induced by 6-nitrodopamine was not affected by preincubation of the tissues with either L-NAME (100 μM, 30-min preincubation) or the <em>heme</em>-site inhibitor of soluble guanylyl cyclase ODQ (100 μM, 30-min preincubation). Electrical field stimulation (EFS)-induced contractions were significantly potentiated by previous incubation with L-NAME, but unaffected by ODQ preincubation. The contractions induced by EFS were reduced by preincubation with either 6-nitrodopamine or L-741,626. Immunohistochemistry in all arteries revealed the presence of tyrosine hydroxylase in the endothelium, whereas immunoreactivity for calretinin was negative. Swine vessels present basal release of endothelium-derived catecholamines and expression of tyrosine hydroxylase in the endothelium. The vasodilation induced by 6-nitrodopamine is due to blockade of dopaminergic D₂-like receptors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10602,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology","volume":"285 ","pages":"Article 110003"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141987540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dopaminergic and anti-estrogenic responses in juvenile steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed to bifenthrin","authors":"Jason T. Magnuson ,&nbsp;Nathan D. Sy ,&nbsp;Philip Tanabe ,&nbsp;Chenyang Ji ,&nbsp;Jay Gan ,&nbsp;Daniel Schlenk","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.109995","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.109995","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The frequency of detection and concentrations of bifenthrin, a pyrethroid insecticide, in the waterways inhabited by the endangered species, steelhead trout (<em>Oncorhynchus mykiss</em>), has become a significant concern for regulatory agencies. Endocrine disruption has been observed with estrogenic and anti-estrogenic responses in fish species at different life stages. Since several studies have indicated alterations in dopaminergic signaling associated with endocrine responses, juvenile steelhead were exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of 60 or 120 ng/L bifenthrin for two weeks. Fish brains were assessed for dopamine levels and the expression of genes involved in dopaminergic and estrogenic processes, such as catechol-<em>o</em>-methyltransferase (<em>comt</em>) and monoamine oxidase (<em>mao</em>). Vitellogenin (<em>vtg</em>) and estrogenic receptors (<em>ERα1</em>, <em>ERβ1</em>, and <em>ERβ2</em>) were also evaluated in livers of the animals. Dopamine concentrations were significantly higher in fish brains following bifenthrin exposure. Consistent with a reduction in dopamine clearance, there was a significant decrease in the mRNA expression of <em>comt</em> with increased bifenthrin concentration. Hepatic expression of <em>ERα1</em> and <em>ERβ2</em> mRNA was significantly decreased with increased bifenthrin concentration. These data support the possible mechanism of bifenthrin altering the dopaminergic pathway at low ng/L concentrations, in juvenile steelhead, which could interfere with endocrine feedback loops. These findings support the need for and importance of identifying species and life stage differences in pesticide modes of action to reduce uncertainties in risk assessments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10602,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology","volume":"285 ","pages":"Article 109995"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1532045624001637/pdfft?md5=0af76be0833dea7b02830077afe0b79a&pid=1-s2.0-S1532045624001637-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141901168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of tributyltin exposure on the embryonic development and behavior of a molluscan model species, Lymnaea stagnalis","authors":"Réka Svigruha,&nbsp;László Molnár,&nbsp;Károly Elekes,&nbsp;Zsolt Pirger,&nbsp;István Fodor","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.109996","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.109996","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The presence of the organotin compound tributyltin (TBT) in aquatic ecosystems has been a serious environmental problem for decades. Although a number of studies described the negative impact of TBT on mollusks at different levels, investigations connected to its potential effects during embryogenesis have been neglected. For a better understanding of the impact of TBT on mollusks, in the present study, embryos of previously TBT-treated or not treated specimens of the great pond snail (<em>Lymnaea stagnalis</em>) were exposed to 100 ng L⁻¹ TBT from egg-laying (single-cell stage) until hatching. According to our results, TBT significantly delayed hatching and caused shell malformation. TBT transiently decreased the locomotion (gliding) and also reduced the feeding activity, demonstrating for the first time that this compound can alter the behavioral patterns of molluscan embryos. The heart rate was also significantly reduced, providing further support that cardiac activity is an excellent indicator of metal pollution in molluscan species. At the histochemical level, tin was demonstrated for the first time in TBT-treated hatchlings with intensive reaction in the central nervous system, kidney, and hepatopancreas. Overall, the most notable effects were observed in treated embryos derived from TBT treated snails. Our findings indicate that TBT has detrimental effects on the development and physiological functions of <em>Lymnaea</em> embryos even at a sub-lethal concentration, potentially influencing their survival and fitness. Highlighting our observations, we have demonstrated previously unknown physiological changes (altered heart rate, locomotion, and feeding activity) caused by TBT, as well as visualized tin at the histochemical level in a molluscan species for the first time following TBT exposure. Further studies are in progress to reveal the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the physiological and behavioral changes described in the present study.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10602,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology","volume":"285 ","pages":"Article 109996"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1532045624001649/pdfft?md5=0141f6a19ec0cf187d02beaa9bc35580&pid=1-s2.0-S1532045624001649-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141901169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of Cl− channel inhibitors and pyrethroid insecticides on calcium-activated chloride channels in neurons of Helicoverpa armigera","authors":"Man Chen ,&nbsp;Zixuan Ma ,&nbsp;Jiayin Hou ,&nbsp;Lingna Zhang ,&nbsp;Hongmei Li-Byarlay ,&nbsp;Bingjun He","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.109999","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.109999","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>TMEM16A, a member of the Transmembrane protein 16 family, serves as the molecular basis for calcium activated chloride channels (CaCCs). We use RT-PCR to demonstrate the expression of TMEM16A in the neurons of <em>Helicoverpa armigera</em>, and record the CaCCs current of acute isolated neurons of <em>H. armigera</em> for the first time using patch clamp technology. In order to screen effective inhibitors of calcium-activated chloride channels, the inhibitory effects of four chloride channel inhibitors, CaCCinh-A01, NPPB, DIDS, and SITS, on CaCCs were compared. The inhibitory effects of the four inhibitors on the outward current of CaCCs were CaCCinh-A01 (10 μM, 56.31 %), NPPB (200 μM, 43.69 %), SITS (1 mM, 12.41 %) and DIDS (1 mM, 13.29 %). Among these inhibitors, CaCCinh-A01 demonstrated the highest efficacy as a blocker. To further explore whether calcium channel proteins can serve as potential targets of pyrethroids, we compared the effects of (type I) tefluthrin and (type II) deltamethrin on CaCCs. 10 μM and 100 μM tefluthrin can stimulate a large tail current in CaCCs, prolonging their deactivation time by 10.44 ms and 31.49 ms, and the V_0.5 shifted in the hyperpolarization by 2–8 mV. Then, deltamethrin had no obvious effect on the deactivation and activation of CaCCs. Therefore, CaCCs of <em>H. armigera</em> can be used as a potential target of pyrethroids, but type I and type II pyrethroids have different effects on CaCCs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10602,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology","volume":"285 ","pages":"Article 109999"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141901170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute and chronic effects of the antifouling booster biocide Irgarol 1051 on the water flea Moina macrocopa revealed by multi-biomarker determination","authors":"Sung-Ah Kim ,&nbsp;Thine Choi ,&nbsp;Jaehee Kim ,&nbsp;Hyun Park ,&nbsp;Jae-Sung Rhee","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.109994","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.109994","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Irgarol 1051 is an herbicide extensively utilized in antifouling paint due to its ability to inhibit photosynthesis. Irgarol and its photodegradation products are highly persistent in waters and sediments, although they are present in low concentrations. However, our understanding of the harmful effects of Irgarol on non-target organisms remains limited. In this study, we assessed the effects of acute (24 h) and chronic (14 days across three generations) exposure to different concentrations (including the 1/10 NOEC, NOEC, and 1/10 LC50 calculated from the 24-h acute toxicity test) of Irgarol using the water flea <em>Moina macrocopa</em>. Acute exposure to 1/10 LC50 significantly decreased survival, feeding rate, thoracic limb activity, heart rate, and acetylcholinesterase activity. Elevated levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde, along with a significant increase in catalase and superoxide dismutase activity, suggested the induction of oxidative stress in response to 1/10 LC50. An initial boost in glutathione level and the enzymatic activities of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase, followed by a plunge, implies some compromise in the antioxidant defense system. Upon chronic exposure to the NOEC value, both generations F1 and F2 displayed a significant decrease in survival rate, body length, number of neonates per brood, and delayed sexual maturation, suggesting maternal transfer of potential damage through generations. Taken together, Irgarol induced acute toxicity through physiological and cholinergic damage, accompanied by the induction of oxidative stress, in the water flea. Even its sub-lethal concentrations can induce detrimental effects across generations when consistently exposed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10602,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology","volume":"285 ","pages":"Article 109994"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141901167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurodevelopmental changes in Drosophila melanogaster are restored by treatment with lutein-loaded nanoparticles: Positive modulation of neurochemical and behavioral parameters","authors":"Dieniffer Espinosa Janner ,&nbsp;Márcia Rósula Poetini ,&nbsp;Elize Aparecida Santos Musachio ,&nbsp;Nathalie Savedra Gomes Chaves ,&nbsp;Luana Barreto Meichtry ,&nbsp;Eliana Jardim Fernandes ,&nbsp;Mustafa Munir Dahleh Mustafa ,&nbsp;Amarilis Santos De Carvalho ,&nbsp;Odinei Hess Gonçalves ,&nbsp;Fernanda Vitória Leimann ,&nbsp;Rilton Alves de Freitas ,&nbsp;Marina Prigol ,&nbsp;Gustavo Petri Guerra","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.109998","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.109998","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), are characterized by persistent changes in communication and social interaction, as well as restricted and stereotyped patterns of behavior. The complex etiology of these disorders possibly combines the effects of multiple genes and environmental factors. Hence, exposure to insecticides such as imidacloprid (IMI) has been used to replicate the changes observed in these disorders. Lutein is known for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties and is associated with neuroprotective effects. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of lutein-loaded nanoparticles, along with their mechanisms of action, on <em>Drosophila melanogaster</em> offspring exposed to IMI-induced damage. To simulate the neurodevelopmental disorder model, flies were exposed to a diet containing IMI for 7 days. Posteriorly, their offspring were exposed to a diet containing lutein-loaded nanoparticles for a period of 24 h, and male and female flies were subjected to behavioral and biochemical evaluations. Treatment with lutein-loaded nanoparticles reversed the parameters of hyperactivity, aggressiveness, social interaction, repetitive movements, and anxiety in the offspring of flies exposed to IMI. It also protected markers of oxidative stress and cell viability, in addition to preventing the reduction of Nrf2 and Shank3 immunoreactivity. These results demonstrate that the damage induced by exposure to IMI was restored through treatment with lutein-loaded nanoparticles, elucidating lutein's mechanisms of action as a therapeutic agent, which, after further studies, can become a co-adjuvant in the treatment of neurodevelopmental disorders, such as ASD and ADHD.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10602,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology","volume":"285 ","pages":"Article 109998"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141897004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}