Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology最新文献

{"title":"Imidacloprid impacts oxidative stress and neurotoxic biomarkers in different marine organisms (fish, mysid and clamworm)","authors":"Shuai Liu ,&nbsp;Jinyu Lu ,&nbsp;Zhengyan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2025.110292","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2025.110292","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Imidacloprid (IMI) is the most widely used neonicotinoid insecticide worldwide and it has been detected in various aquatic ecosystems, including marine ecosystems. Although much information is available about the effects of IMI on organisms, studies of IMI sublethal effects on marine fish, mysids and clamworms are lacking. Thus, three marine model organisms (<em>Oryzias melastigma</em>, <em>Neomysis awatschensis</em>, and <em>Perinereis aibuhitensis</em>) were used to evaluate the activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT) and the content of malonaldehyde (MDA) as biomarkers after 21 days of exposure to IMI. The activities of biomarkers were measured using an enzyme-labeled instrument, and the degree of biological hazard was analyzed using the integrated biomarker response (IBR) index method. Results demonstrated that oxidative stress and neurotoxic biomarkers of different organisms had different trends with increasing IMI concentration but MDA content was consistently induced by IMI. The no observed effect concentrations (NOECs) of AChE, SOD, CAT, GST and MDA were 1.2, 2.3, &lt; 1.2, 2.3 and 1.2 mg/L for <em>O. melastigma</em>, 0.7, &lt; 0.3, &lt; 0.3, 0.3 and &lt; 0.3 μg/L for <em>N. awatschensis</em>, and 0.7, 0.7, 0.7, &lt; 0.7 and 1.5 μg/L for <em>P. aibuhitensis</em>. The IBR results indicated that 18.5 mg/L, 5.3 μg/L and 11.6 μg/L of IMI were the most toxic for <em>O. melastigma</em>, <em>N. awatschensis</em> and <em>P. aibuhitensis</em>, respectively. Changes in these biomarkers provide early warning of fish, mysids and clamworms stress, suggesting that investigating the hazards of neonicotinoid pesticides to marine organisms is worthwhile.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10602,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology","volume":"297 ","pages":"Article 110292"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144667370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of the inhibition of miRNA biogenesis in the central ring ganglia of a widely used invertebrate model species, Lymnaea stagnalis","authors":"Veronica Rivi ,&nbsp;Istvan Fodor ,&nbsp;Anuradha Batabyal ,&nbsp;Diana Kagan ,&nbsp;Johanna Maria Catharina Blom ,&nbsp;Fabio Tascedda ,&nbsp;Zsolt Pirger ,&nbsp;János Schmidt ,&nbsp;Cristina Benatti ,&nbsp;Ken Lukowiak","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2025.110291","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2025.110291","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of gene expression, shaping neuroplasticity, stress responses, and neuromodulation. In the pond snail <em>Lymnaea stagnalis</em>, inhibition of the miRNA-processing enzyme Dicer with Poly-<span>l</span>-Lysine (PLL) has been shown to impair long-term memory (LTM) formation, yet the molecular pathways affected remain unclear. Here, we examined PLL injection's transcriptional and cellular/neurochemical effects in untrained (i.e., non-associatively conditioned) snails. We focused on genes involved in neuroplasticity (LymGRIN1, LymCREB1), stress response (LymHSP70), and serotonergic/dopaminergic signaling (LymTPH, LymSERT, LymDDC), along with measurements of the levels of serotonin, dopamine, and HSP70 protein. We found that PLL did not alter the expression of memory-related genes in the non-associatively conditioned snails. However, we observed a marked downregulation of LymTPH and LymSERT, which was accompanied by a significant reduction in the level of serotonin. In contrast, the expression of LymDDC and the level of dopamine remained unchanged. Although we detected a significant upregulation in the expression of LymHSP70, indicating a strong stress response, the level of HSP70 protein did not change significantly. These findings suggest that PLL-induced Dicer inhibition primarily disrupts serotonin homeostasis, potentially altering motivation and feeding behaviour rather than directly impairing memory processes. This study highlights the broader role of miRNA pathways in regulating stress resilience and neuromodulation. By linking miRNA activity to serotonergic signaling, our findings suggest that miRNAs influence behavioural states beyond synaptic plasticity, with potential implications for understanding how miRNA dysregulation affects mood, motivation, and cognitive function across species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10602,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology","volume":"297 ","pages":"Article 110291"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144653479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selenium alleviates the effects of cadmium on growth performance, oxidative stress, cholesterol synthesis and ferroptosis of hybrid yellow catfish, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco ♀ × Pelteobagrus vachelli ♂","authors":"Qian Xu ,&nbsp;Qian Tang ,&nbsp;Linyuan Yi ,&nbsp;Yuan Gong ,&nbsp;Zhigang Shen ,&nbsp;Yongchao Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2025.110290","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2025.110290","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research investigated selenomethionine (SeMet) alleviating cadmium (Cd) toxicity in hybrid yellow catfish. Four groups were established: control group (CK), cadmium group (Cd), selenium group (Se), and cadmium‑selenium co-treatment group (Cd + Se). The results demonstrated that Cd decreased the specific growth rate and weight gain rate of fish while increasing the feed coefficient ratio (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). It also induced severe gill and liver tissue damage. Se alleviated Cd-induced growth inhibition, repaired the tissue damage, and reversed Cd-triggered increase of serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Regarding antioxidant capacity, Se reversed Cd-induced declines in total antioxidant capacity, total superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities, while mitigating hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde accumulation in the liver, gill, and serum (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Immunological analysis indicated that Cd suppressed lysozyme, acid phosphatase, and alkaline phosphatase activities, while Se restored these enzymatic activities to normal or higher levels (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Metabolic analysis revealed that Se reduced liver total cholesterol content in the Cd-exposed group and restored serum cholesterol to normal levels (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, transcriptomic results demonstrated that Se antagonized Cd toxicity through dual regulatory mechanisms: (1) restoring the genes of iron metabolism (<em>steap3</em>, <em>ncoa4</em>) to control levels and upregulating the cystine/glutamate transporter system (Xc-system) gene <em>slc3a2b</em>, thereby protecting cells from ferroptosis; (2) downregulating cholesterol synthesis genes (<em>msmo1</em>, <em>sc5d</em>), thereby blocking Cd-induced aberrant cholesterol synthesis. These molecular findings aligned with physiological indicators, demonstrating that Se mitigated Cd toxicity in fish via a multi-target regulatory mechanism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10602,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 110290"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144636389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Copper, cadmium, and zinc trigger multifaceted effects and interactions on cardiac mitochondrial bioenergetics and reactive oxygen species production in rainbow trout","authors":"Pius Abraham Tetteh ,&nbsp;Zahra Kalvani ,&nbsp;Don Stevens ,&nbsp;Ravinder Sappal ,&nbsp;Collins Kamunde","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2025.110286","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2025.110286","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mitochondria are key intracellular targets and mediators of metals toxicity. We probed the effects of copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), and their binary mixtures on mitochondrial bioenergetics and reactive oxygen species (ROS: hydrogen peroxide, H₂O₂) emission in permeabilized rainbow trout (<em>Oncorhynchus mykiss</em>) cardiac fibers. Mitochondria were fueled with glutamate-malate in state 2 (LEAK) and state 3 (OXPHOS) conditions and exposed to the metals singly and in binary combinations. Respiration and H₂O₂ emission were measured simultaneously using an Oroboros O2k fluorespirometer. Zn demonstrated greater potency in inhibiting cardiac mitochondrial OXPHOS than Cu or Cd (IC₅₀ values, μM: Zn 13.4; Cd 114; Cu 178). Both Cu and Cd stimulated LEAK respiration but inhibited OXPHOS, while Zn suppressed both respiratory states. Cd antagonized Cu-induced OXPHOS inhibition and LEAK stimulation caused by Cu or Zn. Cu elicited biphasic H₂O₂ emission patterns in LEAK and OXPHOS states. Cu and Cd interacted antagonistically on H₂O₂ emission, while Cu and Zn acted synergistically to enhance LEAK H₂O₂ emission. Cd and Zn showed partial additivity on LEAK H₂O₂ emission but no interaction during OXPHOS. H₂O₂ emission was consistently higher in LEAK state than OXPHOS. Metals exposure expanded the dynamic range of respiration and H₂O₂ emission by up to 9-fold and 19-fold, respectively, with a weak negative correlation (<em>R</em>^<em>2</em> = 0.11) between the two. These findings demonstrate that the effects of Cu, Cd, Zn, and their binary mixtures on mitochondrial function depend on mitochondrial metabolic state, metal identity, concentration, and inter-metal interactions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10602,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology","volume":"297 ","pages":"Article 110286"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144636388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxicological mechanisms of gold nanoclusters in zebrafish embryos","authors":"Nivedita ,&nbsp;Dyah Ika Krisnawati ,&nbsp;Muhamad Khafid ,&nbsp;Hendra Susanto ,&nbsp;Kai-Yi Tzou ,&nbsp;Tsung-Rong Kuo","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2025.110288","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2025.110288","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gold nanoclusters (AuNCs), known for their distinctive structural and optical properties and widely used in nanobiotechnology, raise environmental and organismal concerns due to their ultrasmall size despite their biocompatibility. This study investigated glutathione conjugated AuNCs (GSH-AuNCs) for their toxicity and biodistribution in zebrafish embryos, an experimental organism that is frequently employed in the fields of environmental toxicology and nanosafety research. The structural and optical characterizations demonstrated the successful GSH-AuNCs synthesis using hydrothermal method. <em>In vitro</em>, GSH-AuNCs exhibited minimal cytotoxicity in the Vero cell line, even until 40 μg/mL concentrations. Zebrafish embryos showed no significant adverse effects or developmental delays when exposed to GSH-AuNCs at concentrations until 6 μg/mL, though significant decreases in survival and hatching rates were observed at higher concentrations (6–20 μg/mL). Accumulation of GSH-AuNC in zebrafish larvae was confirmed by fluorescence microscopy, suggesting their uptake and potential biological interactions. Increased oxidative stress enzymes activities are related to higher GSH-AuNCs concentrations (1, 2 and 3 μg/mL). This research offers significant understanding of toxicity and biodistribution of GSH-AuNCs in zebrafish embryos, contributing to the responsible development of nanotechnology for biomedical and environmental applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10602,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology","volume":"297 ","pages":"Article 110288"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144633944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pyraclostrobin disrupts ion regulation by suppressing mitochondrion-rich ionocyte differentiation in zebrafish embryos","authors":"Li-Yih Lin ,&nbsp;Fan-Hsuan Yeh ,&nbsp;Kuan-Yi Lee ,&nbsp;Jiun-Lin Horng","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2025.110289","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2025.110289","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pyraclostrobin (PCS) is a widely used strobilurin fungicide that often contaminates aquatic environments via surface runoff, posing risks to fish. Because ion regulation in fish embryos relies on ATP generated by mitochondrial respiration, and PCS inhibits mitochondrial complex III, we investigated the effects of PCS on ionic homeostasis in developing fish. We exposed zebrafish embryos to PCS (0–400 μg/L) for 96 h and assessed mortality, hatching rates, heart rates, whole-embryo ion contents (Na⁺, K⁺, and Ca²⁺), acid (H⁺) secretion, ionocyte densities, epidermal stem cell counts, and expressions of key ion transporter and differentiation genes. The 96-h median lethal concentration (LC₅₀) was approximately 124 μg/L, and concentrations ≥75 μg/L significantly reduced hatching success. At 75 μg/L (a sublethal level), PCS caused decreases in Na⁺, K⁺, and Ca²⁺ contents, suppressed H⁺ secretion, and reduced the density of ionocytes. PCS exposure also diminished the number of tp63⁺ epidermal stem cells that differentiate into ionocytes. A quantitative PCR revealed significant changes in mRNA levels of ion regulation genes: upregulation of acid-secretion transporters (<em>rhcg1</em> and <em>atp6v1a</em>) and differentiation factors (<em>tp63</em> and <em>gcm2</em>), and downregulation of Na⁺/Ca²⁺ transporters (<em>slc9a3</em> and <em>trpv6</em>). In summary, acute PCS exposure impaired the development and function of mitochondrion-rich ionocytes, leading to ionic imbalances (loss of Na⁺, K⁺, and Ca²⁺ and reduced H⁺ excretion) and physiological distress in zebrafish embryos. These findings highlight a potential mechanism by which PCS threatens early-life stages of fish and underscore the ecological risk of this contaminant.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10602,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology","volume":"297 ","pages":"Article 110289"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144614514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exposure of freshwater gastropods to chlorpyrifos and cadmium: Predictable and unpredictable responses","authors":"Silvina Gazzaniga,&nbsp;Daniela Di Alessio,&nbsp;Julián Rapetti,&nbsp;Adriana Cochón ,&nbsp;María del Carmen Martinez","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2025.110287","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2025.110287","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aquatic environments near agricultural areas are increasingly contaminated by mixtures of pesticides and heavy metals, posing a threat to non-target aquatic invertebrates. Because mixtures may induce unexpected biological responses, their study is essential for realistic environmental risk assessment. This study investigated the acute and chronic effects of the pesticide chlorpyrifos (CPF), cadmium (Cd), and their mixture on the freshwater gastropods <em>Biomphalaria glabrata</em> and <em>Planorbarius corneus</em> under controlled laboratory conditions. A panel of biochemical and cellular biomarkers was used to evaluate neurotoxicity, oxidative stress, metabolic alterations and immunotoxicity.</div><div>Acute CPF exposure, alone or combined with Cd, inhibited B-esterase activity and increased TBARS, indicating neurotoxic and pro-oxidant effects. Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and catalase (CAT) remained unaltered. Hemolymph glucose levels increased with all treatments, with a synergistic hyperglycemic response to CPF + Cd observed only in <em>B. glabrata</em>. Cd exposure induced hypercholesterolemia in <em>B. glabrata</em> and hypertriglyceridemia in both species. Hemocyte revealed enhanced reactivity in response to contaminants alone, an effect absent in the mixture. Notably, under chronic CPF + Cd exposure, a pronounced hemocyte clumping occurred, an immunotoxic response, not previously reported.</div><div>These findings highlight B-esterase inhibition and lipid peroxidation as sensitive biomarkers of acute CPF exposure; while hemolymph metabolic parameters may serve as complementary indicators of acute Cd exposure. GST and TBARS levels emerged as informative indicators of chronic Cd toxicity. Notably, the contaminant mixture unpredictably suppressed or amplified only certain biological responses, particularly on immune cells. This study underscore the value of integrative biomarker approaches to better predict ecological risks associated with contaminant mixtures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10602,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology","volume":"297 ","pages":"Article 110287"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144625533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurotoxic synergy of copper and PVC microplastics triggers apoptosis via the BDNF/miR132/FOXO3a pathway for the first time in fish brain","authors":"Jumman Bakhasha ,&nbsp;Vaishnavi Saxena ,&nbsp;Neeti Arya ,&nbsp;Pradeep Kumar ,&nbsp;Alok Srivastava ,&nbsp;Kamlesh K. Yadav ,&nbsp;Simmi Tomar ,&nbsp;Saurabh Mishra ,&nbsp;Mahdi Banaee ,&nbsp;Caterina Faggio ,&nbsp;Abha Trivedi","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2025.110265","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2025.110265","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Copper (Cu) and polyvinyl chloride microplastics (PVC-MPs), each known for their toxic effects, combine to create a hazardous synergy, posing a dual threat to aquatic ecosystems. Our study investigates the chronic (60-day) neurotoxic impacts of environmentally relevant concentrations of Cu (0.85 mg/L) and PVC-MPs (0.5 mg/L), both individually and in combination, in freshwater food-fish <em>Channa punctatus</em>. The neurotoxic effects were evaluated through reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation; oxidative damage to lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids; disruption of neurotransmitters; neuro-architectural damage, and neuronal cell death. For the first time, we identified neural apoptosis in fish via the BDNF/miR132/FOXO3a axis upon exposure to Cu, PVC-MPs, and their mixture. Cu accumulation peaked in brains treated with Cu-PVC-MPs combination. Higher ROS levels were seen in the exposed brain tissue, along with signs of oxidative damage, such as increased lipid peroxidation (LPO), protein carbonyls (PC), and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). Increased monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity led to dopamine and serotonin depletion, while cholinergic dysfunction was marked by reduced choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and acetylcholine (ACh). Additionally, severe neuro-architectural damage was observed. Molecular alterations were amplified in brains exposed to the copper-PVC-MPs mixture. Transcriptional analyses revealed downregulation of <em>bdnf, miR132</em> and <em>bcl2</em>, with concurrent upregulation of <em>foxo3a, bim, bax, apaf1, cas9,</em> and <em>cas3</em>, further validated apoptosis. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Pearson Correlation analyses were also performed to validate these findings. Our results underscore the growing environmental threat posed by combined copper and MPs pollution, with PVC acting as a vehicle for increased toxicity in aquatic life.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10602,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology","volume":"297 ","pages":"Article 110265"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144616636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental toxicity of tire wear and latex particle leachates in zebrafish embryos: Oxidative stress and ferroptosis as key mechanisms","authors":"Tianyu Zhao ,&nbsp;Yuping Zhang ,&nbsp;Qianqian Song ,&nbsp;Qingxuan Meng ,&nbsp;Xinrui Meng ,&nbsp;Xiaolong Wang ,&nbsp;Jing Cong","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2025.110285","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2025.110285","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microrubber, a subset of microplastics, has raised global concerns due to its persistence and ecological risks in aquatic systems. This study systematically compared the toxicity of leachates (0, 0.5, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 g/L) from tire wear particles (TWP) and latex particles (LAP) in zebrafish embryos for 5 days, integrating physiological endpoints, oxidative stress biomarkers, and transcriptomic profiling. LAP leachate exhibited significantly higher toxicity than TWP, causing increased mortality (100 % vs. 56.3 %), delayed hatching (0 % vs. 35.4 %), and severe malformations (e.g., tail and spine curvature). Chemical analyses identified elevated levels of heavy metals and biologically active organic compounds in LAP leachate, including higher zinc concentrations and benzothiazole derivatives, likely contributing to its greater toxicity. Oxidative stress markers revealed that LAP exposure induced a 1.46-fold increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) and suppressed glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity (31.6 % reduction), indicating impaired detoxification. Transcriptomics identified ferroptosis as a central putative toxicity pathway: LAP exposure was associated with dysregulated iron metabolism genes (<em>mt2</em>↑, <em>fthl31</em>↑, <em>slc40a1</em>↓), and an exacerbation of lipid peroxidation, whereas TWP exposure was linked to adaptive responses via <em>cyp1a</em> and <em>gstt1b</em> upregulation. Functional rescue experiments using ferrostatin-1 further supported the involvement of ferroptosis, showing consistent but non-significant trends of physiological mitigation. These findings highlight distinct mechanistic pathways: LAP exposure correlated with pathways consistent with iron dyshomeostasis-driven ferroptosis, while TWP exposure appeared to induce phase I/II detoxification, providing molecular insights into microrubber toxicity. The study underscores the urgent need for source-specific risk assessments and regulatory measures to mitigate microrubber pollution in aquatic ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10602,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology","volume":"297 ","pages":"Article 110285"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144587468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Caulerpa lentillifera extract alleviates the chronic diquat-induced liver oxidative damage in zebrafish (Danio rerio) in association with Nrf2 and AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway","authors":"Xiang Lin ,&nbsp;Xiaocen Xie ,&nbsp;Qijun Fu ,&nbsp;Zhongqun Liu ,&nbsp;Ye Xiao ,&nbsp;Yongqiang Wang ,&nbsp;Haiping Li ,&nbsp;Xi Xie ,&nbsp;Rong Wang ,&nbsp;Yingxia Zhang ,&nbsp;Yanting Song ,&nbsp;Wenting Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2025.110276","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2025.110276","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to investigate the ability and elucidate the mechanisms of <em>Caulerpa lentillifera</em> extract (CLE) in attenuating liver oxidative damage of zebrafish induced by chronic diquat exposure. The components of CLE were analyzed by LC-QTOF-MS/MS, and 34 potential chemicals were revealed. Zebrafish were exposed to diquat and fed CLE-supplemented diets (1 and 2 g/kg) for 60 days. The results showed that CLE treatment ameliorated diquat-exposed liver damage and histological hepatocyte changes. It significantly enhanced the activities and mRNA expression of SOD and CAT, elevated the levels of GSH, and reduced hepatic MDA concentration. CLE effectively suppressed NF-κB phosphorylation, downregulated the expression of pro-inflammatory genes (<em>tnf-α</em>, <em>il-1β</em> and <em>il-6</em>), and upregulated the expression of anti-inflammatory gene (<em>il-10</em>) in diquat-exposed zebrafish livers. The suppression of liver cell apoptosis by CLE in zebrafish was observed, with reduced expression of Caspase3 and decreased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. CLE inhibited diquat-induced upregulation of autophagy factors Beclin1 and LC3 protein expression levels. Notably, CLE induced hyperactivation of the Nrf2 signaling, evidenced by the enhanced protein expression of Nrf2, HO-1 and NQO1. Meanwhile, CLE treatment reverted the abnormal expression patterns of AMPK, p-AMPK, mTOR and p-mTOR induced by diquat exposure. The overall results suggest that the protection of CLE against liver injury caused by chronic diquat exposure is achieved by improving antioxidative status and suppressing inflammation, cell apoptosis and autophagy. These protective effects are probably attributed to its ability to modulate the Nrf2 and AMPK/mTOR signaling pathways.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10602,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology","volume":"297 ","pages":"Article 110276"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144607730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}