Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology最新文献

{"title":"Risk assessment of developmental and neurotoxicity by the flavoring agent perillaldehyde: NAC (N-acetylcysteine) mitigation of oxidative stress-mediated inhibition of the Nrf2 pathway","authors":"Yue Li ,&nbsp;Manchun Yu ,&nbsp;Ying Wei ,&nbsp;Zhuoshuo Zhou ,&nbsp;Yingxue Guo ,&nbsp;Min Yuan ,&nbsp;Jiazheng Jin ,&nbsp;Jinlian Li ,&nbsp;Hongkuan Shen ,&nbsp;Dongmei Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.110071","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.110071","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Perillaldehyde (PAE), a prevalent flavoring agent, has raised safety concerns due to conflicting evidence regarding its toxicity. This study provides a comprehensive assessment of the developmental and neurotoxic effects of PAE in zebrafish, elucidating the underlying mechanisms of its toxicity. Results showed that PAE affected the viability and hatching rate of zebrafish at 96 h postfertilization with the 50 % lethal concentration (LC50) of 7.975 mg/L. Furthermore, exposed‌ to a non-lethal concentration of 4 mg/L PAE induced a spectrum of morphological abnormalities, such as pericardial edema, delayed yolk sac absorption, reduced body length, and microphthalmia. Behavioral observations revealed that PAE reduced motor ability, and was accompanied by an increase in spontaneous turning angle and angular velocity. Using the TG(elav13:EGFP) transgenic model, we observed the number of newborn neurons was reduced, indicating that PAE induced obvious neurotoxic effects. Additionally, this concentration facilitated the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), concomitantly decreasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes. QRT-PCR analysis revealed that PAE down-regulated Nestin and Neurogenin1 gene expression, up-regulated Glipr1a and Nox1 gene expression, and inhibited the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Notably, co-administration of <em>N</em>-acetylcysteine (NAC), an inhibitor of oxidative stress, mitigated oxidative stress levels and partially ameliorated the neurotoxicity. These findings suggest that oxidative stress is the primary mediator of PAE-induced neurotoxicity. This study provides crucial insights for the safe application of PAE.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10602,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology","volume":"288 ","pages":"Article 110071"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142643382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antioxidant response fail to rescue growth of Hermetia illucens L. larvae induced by copper accumulated during long-term exposure","authors":"Huijie Zhang ,&nbsp;Hongxia Sun ,&nbsp;Lin Liu,&nbsp;Ye Liao,&nbsp;Yanxin Lu,&nbsp;Qiang Xia","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.110074","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.110074","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Antioxidant indices and hemocytes apoptosis in the 6th instar larvae of <em>Hermetia illucens</em>., and their correlation with larval growth were evaluated by exposing larvae to different concentrations of Cu²⁺ for 1, 3 and 5 generations. Cu²⁺ accumulated in larval hemolymph showed significant dose-dependent relationship with Cu²⁺ concentrations in diets within a generation. Larval growth was only promoted after low concentrations of Cu²⁺ exposure for 1 generation, while seriously affected after high concentrations of Cu²⁺ exposure. Though total antioxidant capacity activity in larval hemolymph in treatment groups was all higher than that in control, it was increased at lower levels of Cu²⁺, while decreased with increasing Cu²⁺ concentrations at higher levels of Cu²⁺ exposure. The catalase (CAT) activity and metallothioneins (MTs) levels were also characterized as improved at lower levels of Cu²⁺, and inhibited at higher levels of Cu²⁺ exposure. However, CAT activity and MTs levels at higher Cu²⁺ treatments were significantly lower than that in control. Apoptosis rate of hemocytes was increased with increasing Cu²⁺ concentrations. Annexin V - fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)/ propidium iodide (PI) staining was in accordance with the results exhibited in flow cytometer. Results from transmission electron microscope and comet assay further confirmed that membrane blebbing, nuclear condensation, and DNA fragmentation were gradually apparent with increasing Cu²⁺ concentration. All parameters in different generation had similar dose-dependent trends, but the effects were strongest in the fifth generation. This study indicated that at some extent growth of <em>H. illucens</em> were associated with antioxidant responses and apoptosis induced by Cu²⁺.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10602,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology","volume":"287 ","pages":"Article 110074"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142615927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanisms of intestinal DNA damage and inflammation induced by ammonia nitrogen exposure in Litopenaeus vannamei","authors":"Ruixue Tong ,&nbsp;Futao Jing ,&nbsp;Yaobing Li ,&nbsp;Luqing Pan ,&nbsp;Xin Yu ,&nbsp;Ning Zhang ,&nbsp;Qilong Liao","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.110070","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.110070","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ammonia nitrogen, a common aquaculture pollutant, harms crustaceans by causing intestinal inflammation, though its exact mechanisms are unclear. Thus, we exposed shrimp to 0, 2, 10 and 20 mg/L NH₄Cl exposure for 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 h, and explored the intestinal stress, apoptosis, proliferation, inflammation and its histopathological changes. This research indicated that ammonia nitrogen exposure heightens plasma dopamine (DA), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), norepinephrine (NE), and acetylcholine (ACh) levels, alters gene expression of neurotransmitter receptors in the intestine, triggering the PLC<img>Ca²⁺ pathway and induces endoplasmic reticulum stress. Additionally, mitochondrial fission-related genes (Drp1, FIS1) significantly increase, the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was significantly elevated in the intestine, which induced DNA damage effects and initiated the DNA repair function, mainly through the base excision repair pathway, but with a low repair efficiency. By determining the expression of key genes of caspase-dependent and non-caspase-dependent apoptotic pathways, it was found that ammonia nitrogen exposure induced apoptosis in intestinal cells, proliferation key signaling pathways such as Wnt, EGFR and FOXO signaling showed an overall decrease after ammonia nitrogen exposure, combined with the gene expression of cell cycle proteins and proliferation markers, indicated that the proliferation of intestinal cells was inhibited. Performing pearson correlation analysis of intestinal cell damage, proliferation, and inflammatory factors, we hypothesized that ammonia nitrogen exposure induces intestinal endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial fission, induces elevated ROS, leads to DNA damage, and causes inflammation and damage in intestinal tissues by the underlying mechanism of promoting apoptosis and inhibiting proliferation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10602,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology","volume":"287 ","pages":"Article 110070"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142615936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A metabolomic analysis on the toxicological effects of the universal solvent, dimethyl sulfoxide","authors":"Sazal Kumar ,&nbsp;Rafiquel Islam ,&nbsp;Wayne O'Connor ,&nbsp;Steve D. Melvin ,&nbsp;Frederic D.L. Leusch ,&nbsp;Allison Luengen ,&nbsp;Geoff R. MacFarlane","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.110073","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.110073","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is a solvent used to dissolve a variety of organic compounds. It is presumed to be non-toxic at concentrations below 1 % v/v, although several studies have demonstrated that low dose DMSO exposure can alter cellular biochemistry. This study evaluated the toxicity of DMSO at 0.0002 % v/v to the Sydney Rock oyster, <em>Saccostrea glomerata</em>, following 7d of exposure. Metabolites were chosen as the toxicity endpoints because they can be used as energy sources and counteract contaminant-induced stress. Relative to seawater controls, exposure to DMSO caused a 74 % significant change in metabolites in the female digestive gland, including decreases in most amino acids, carbohydrates, nicotinamides, and lipids. The female gonad showed a 43 % significant change in metabolites, with decreases in amino acids and carbohydrates, but increases in lipids. The male digestive gland showed a 29 % significant change in metabolites, with increases in lipids. The decline in metabolites in the female digestive gland, but not in the male digestive gland, may be due to their differential metabolic demands. Furthermore, pathway impact analysis revealed that DMSO exposure altered energy metabolism, disturbed osmotic balance, and induced oxidative stress in oysters. Because the effects of DMSO are not uniform across gender and tissue, use of DMSO as a solvent will confound metabolomic experimental results when comparisons among sexes and/or tissues are integral to the experimental design. There is a risk of incomplete dissolution of contaminants unless carrier solvents are used. Therefore, in practice, a solvent control along with a water control is recommended for experimentation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10602,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology","volume":"287 ","pages":"Article 110073"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142615918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beta-cypermethrin-induced stress response and ABC transporter-mediated detoxification in Tetrahymena thermophila","authors":"Wenyong Zhang ,&nbsp;Wenliang Lei ,&nbsp;Tao Bo ,&nbsp;Jing Xu ,&nbsp;Wei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.110066","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.110066","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>β-Cypermethrin (β-CYP), a synthetic pyrethroid pesticide, is widely used for insect management. However, it also affects non-target organisms and pollutes aquatic ecosystems. <em>Tetrahymena thermophila</em>, a unicellular ciliated protist found in fresh water, is in direct contact with aquatic environments and sensitive to environmental changes. The proliferation of <em>T. thermophila</em> was inhibited and the cellular morphology changed under β-CYP stress. The intracellular ROS level significantly increased, and SOD activity gradually rose with increasing β-CYP concentrations. Under 25 mg/L β-CYP stress, 687 genes were up-regulated, primarily enriched in the organic cyclic compound binding and heterocyclic compound binding pathways. These include 8 ATP-binding cassette transporters (ABC) family genes, 2 cytochrome P450 monooxygenase genes, and 2 glutathione peroxidase related genes. Among of them, <em>ABCG14</em> knockdown affected cellular proliferation under β-CYP stress. In contrast, overexpression of <em>ABCG14</em> enhanced cellular tolerance to β-CYP. The results demonstrated that <em>Tetrahymena</em> tolerates high β-CYP concentration stress through various detoxification mechanisms, with <em>ABCG14</em> playing a crucial role in detoxification of β-CYP<em>.</em></div></div>","PeriodicalId":10602,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology","volume":"287 ","pages":"Article 110066"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142603415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deficiency of PvDRAM2 increased the nitrite sensitivity of Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) by inhibiting autophagy","authors":"Xing-Hao Lin ,&nbsp;Bei-Bei Dong ,&nbsp;Qing-Jian Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.110068","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.110068","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Autophagy is an essential response mechanism to environmental stress during the evolution of organisms. DRAM2 (Damage-regulated autophagy regulator 2) is recognized as necessary for the process of p53-mediated cell apoptosis. Although the role of DRAM2 in apoptosis has been confirmed, the mechanism of its relationship with autophagy is still unclear. Here we describe <em>Pv</em>DRAM2 features and functions. We found that nitrite stress induced autophagy accumulation and ROS production. A novel DRAM-homologous protein, DRAM2, was cloned, and its expression is significantly up-regulated under nitrite stress conditions. <em>Pv</em>DRAM2 primarily localizes within the cytoplasmic lysosome.Loss of <em>Pv</em>DRAM2 increased sensitivity response to nitrite stress of Pacific white shrimp. And silenced of <em>Pv</em>DRAM2 promoted ROS production and inhibited autophagy accumulation. In addition, silenced of <em>Pv</em>DRAM2 decreased the autophagy-related protein of p62, Beclin 1, and LC3 expression under nitrite stress of Pacific white shrimp. Collectively, these studies uncover a novel critical role for <em>Pv</em>DRAM2 in regulating autophagy under nitrite stress. Specifically, <em>Pv</em>DRAM2 is essential for the induction of autophagy, enabling Pacific white shrimp to adapt to environmental stress. This provides mechanistic insight into how autophagy functions as a way for Pacific white shrimp to cope with environmental challenges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10602,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology","volume":"287 ","pages":"Article 110068"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142590340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the effects of perfluorobutane sulfonate in zebrafish larvae model (Danio rerio): Insights into potential ecotoxicological risks and human health","authors":"Jenila John Santhi ,&nbsp;Ajay Guru ,&nbsp;Mohammed Rafi Shaik ,&nbsp;Shaik Althaf Hussain ,&nbsp;Praveen Kumar Issac","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.110069","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.110069","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS) is a synthetic organic molecule that belongs to the per and polyfluoroalkyl substances family. Due to its unique physicochemical characteristics, PFBS has been extensively used in consumer products and industries. However, its increasing usage and chemical stability cause environmental pollution and bioaccumulation. The toxicological effects of PFBS were not well studied. In this study, the impact of PFBS on zebrafish embryos was evaluated. PFBS (1000–1500 μM) exposure exhibited increased mortality and malformation in a concentration-dependent manner. After 96 hour post-fertilization of PFBS exposure, the LC50 was estimated to be 1378 μM. Furthermore, PFBS (1.4, 14, 140, 1400 μM) exposure significantly increases oxidative stress by suppressing antioxidant levels. Locomotor behavior analysis revealed that PFBS exposure caused locomotor changes in zebrafish larvae. Acetylcholine esterase activity was also reduced in the PFBS-exposed groups. Gene expression study showed that PFBS exposure downregulated the antioxidant gene expression in zebrafish larvae. Overall, the current study reveals that PFBS can trigger oxidative stress-induced apoptosis by reducing antioxidant activity in zebrafish larvae.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10602,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology","volume":"287 ","pages":"Article 110069"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142603422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pitfalls in measuring solution toxicity using the level of bioluminescence inhibition in Aliivibrio fischeri","authors":"Cheng-Kun He ,&nbsp;Ming-Chun Hung ,&nbsp;Chong-Hao Hxu ,&nbsp;Yi-Hsien Hsieh ,&nbsp;Yung-Sheng Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.110067","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.110067","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Toxic emission from industrial activity is a serious problem, particularly with regard to the quality of water. Thus, the ISO 11348-3 standard for assessing water quality has been established. This method is used to determine solution toxicity from the bioluminescence inhibition of <em>Aliivibrio fischeri</em>. However, the accuracy of measurements is influenced by the selection of individual reaction time points. This study explores the utility of the area under the curve (AUC) method in water quality detection and evaluates how <em>A. fischeri</em> responds to three toxicants, namely ethanol, acetone, and zinc sulfate, over time. The half-maximal effective concentrations of these three substances were found to be 10.13 %, 5.02 %, and 19.49 mg/L, respectively. Compared with the results from individual reaction time point assessments, the results of AUC comprehensively captured the effects of the toxicants, including time-dependent effects and hormetic effects, by capturing dynamic changes under different toxicant concentrations and reaction times. Therefore, AUC analysis mitigates the pitfalls associated with individual reaction times and provides a more accurate and reliable assessment method for water quality detection, contributing to a better understanding of the impact of toxic substances on aquatic environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10602,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology","volume":"287 ","pages":"Article 110067"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142603417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing antioxidant responses in C6 and U-87 MG cell lines exposed to high copper levels","authors":"Lara Stoeberl ,&nbsp;Madson Silveira de Melo ,&nbsp;Letícia Cordeiro Koppe de França ,&nbsp;Lorena Aparecida de Souza ,&nbsp;Roberta de Cássia Panazzollo ,&nbsp;Aline Pertile Remor ,&nbsp;Viviane Glaser","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.110065","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.110065","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Copper excess has been tested as an anticancer therapy, due to its properties to generate oxidative stress resulting in tumoral cell death. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the impact of copper excess on oxidative stress and antioxidant responses in glioma cells, establishing the antioxidant system as a target of copper toxicity in tumoral cells. C6 and U-87 MG cells were exposed to CuSO₄ (0–600 μM) for 24-48 h. SOD, CAT, GPx, GR, and CK activities, protein and non-protein thiol levels (PSH and NPSH), and O₂⁻ production were assessed, alongside SOD1, GPx1, and GR gene expression. Results revealed a decrease in GPx, GR, and CAT activity after CuSO₄ exposure in both cell lines over 24-48 h, while SOD activity initially increased, then declined after 48 h. CK activity was also decreased in C6 cells. NPSH and PSH levels dropped after 24 h, and O₂⁻ production was observed in all CuSO₄ concentrations. GR mRNA was reduced in both cell lines, contrasting with increased GPx1 mRNA in C6. U-87 MG cells exhibited higher levels of SOD1 mRNA, while C6 cells displayed lower expression. Our findings suggest that copper excess limits antioxidant enzyme activity and thiol levels, particularly in the C6 cells, likely attributable to oxidative stress or direct copper-enzyme interactions. Moreover, our results imply differences in copper toxicity regarding the cell lineage used, highlighting the importance of analyzing high copper levels effects in different models. Moreover, it could be proposed that the antioxidant system is a target of copper toxicity, contributing to glioma cell death.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10602,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology","volume":"287 ","pages":"Article 110065"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142590303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of lead on photosynthetic pigments, antioxidant responses, metabolomics, thalli morphology and cell ultrastructure of Iridaea cordata (Rhodophyta) from Antarctica","authors":"Riccardo Trentin ,&nbsp;Ilaria Nai ,&nbsp;Sophia Schumann ,&nbsp;Gianfranco Santovito ,&nbsp;Emanuela Moschin ,&nbsp;Luísa Custódio ,&nbsp;Isabella Moro","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.110063","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.110063","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Over the past decades, the concern about lead pollution in marine environments has increased due to its remarkable toxicity, even at low concentrations. Lead is one of the significant contaminants arising from human activities in Antarctica. However, its effects on polar photosynthetic organisms are poorly known. This work aims to evaluate the effects of two different environmental concentrations of lead (10 μg/L and 50 μg/L) on pigment content, antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase, superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione–S–transferase), metabolome, thalli morphology and cell ultrastructure of the red seaweed <em>Iridaea cordata</em> (Turner) Bory from Terra Nova Bay (Ross Sea, Antarctica). The results highlighted that lead exposure decreased phycocyanin and phycoerythrin content, starting from 10 μg/L, while induced carotenoid accumulation at 50 μg/L. Catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase activities generally increased after lead exposure and distinct biochemical features were identified in the control and treatment groups. Further lead–related effects on cell ultrastructure comprised floridean starch accumulation and plastoglobuli formation. Overall, our results suggested that the enhanced formation of reactive oxygen species in response to lead altered the photosynthetic pigment pattern, antioxidant defenses, metabolome and ultrastructure of <em>I. cordata</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10602,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology","volume":"287 ","pages":"Article 110063"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142557341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}