Contact Dermatitis最新文献

{"title":"A Review of Hand Eczema Subtypes: Clinical Features, Biomarkers and Treatment Strategies","authors":"David Pesqué,&nbsp;Juan Francisco Silvestre-Salvador,&nbsp;Ana Carolina Figueiredo,&nbsp;Ramon Maria Pujol,&nbsp;Margarida Gonçalo,&nbsp;Ana María Giménez-Arnau","doi":"10.1111/cod.14775","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cod.14775","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Hand eczema is a common dermatological condition that significantly impairs quality of life. The classification of hand eczema has been considered an essential step for its management. The diagnosis of hand eczema relies on the aetiological and clinical features of hand lesions, a process complicated by the heterogeneous presentations and the considerable overlap among its subtypes. However, the investigation of hand eczema biomarkers and the advent of targeted therapies have shed light on the underlying pathogenic mechanisms. This review adopts a subtype-specific approach to hand eczema, addressing clinical, pathogenic and therapeutic factors, with the aim of providing a comprehensive understanding of this heterogeneous condition from the perspective of its subtypes.</p>","PeriodicalId":10527,"journal":{"name":"Contact Dermatitis","volume":"92 6","pages":"421-435"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cod.14775","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143491025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to “Contact Allergy to Haptens in the Swedish Baseline Series: Results From the Swedish Patch Test Register (2010 to 2017)”","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/cod.14768","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cod.14768","url":null,"abstract":"<p>D. Andernord, M. Bruze, I.-L. Bryngelsson, et al., “Contact Allergy to Haptens in the Swedish Baseline Series: Results From the Swedish Patch Test Register (2010 to 2017),” <i>Contact Dermatitis</i> 86, no. 3 (2022): 175–188. https://doi.org/10.1111/cod.13996.</p><p>In Table 2 on page 179 there has been an error in the published version.</p><p>In the first column, the 2 Row headings “Fragrance mix I 8% pet and Fragrance mix II 14% pet” should be interchanged.We apologise for this error.\u0000 </p>","PeriodicalId":10527,"journal":{"name":"Contact Dermatitis","volume":"92 6","pages":"502-506"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cod.14768","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143467061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Case of Localised Immediate Hypersensitivity Reaction to Bimekizumab","authors":"Miguel Antonio Lasheras-Pérez,&nbsp;Ramón López-Salgueiro,&nbsp;Rodolfo David Palacios-Diaz,&nbsp;Conrad Pujol-Marco,&nbsp;Rafael Botella-Estrada,&nbsp;Ethel Ibañez-Echevarría","doi":"10.1111/cod.14774","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cod.14774","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10527,"journal":{"name":"Contact Dermatitis","volume":"92 6","pages":"488-489"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143467058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contact Dermatitis From Natural Indigo (Indigofera Tinctoria Leaf Extract) Contained in Hair Dye Preparations: A Case Series","authors":"Angéline Charansol,&nbsp;V. Bourdenet,&nbsp;Anatole Hanniet,&nbsp;Fabien Pelletier,&nbsp;François Aubin,&nbsp;Florence Castelain","doi":"10.1111/cod.14769","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cod.14769","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10527,"journal":{"name":"Contact Dermatitis","volume":"92 6","pages":"497-499"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143457131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Unusual Cause of Allergic Contact Dermatitis in a Postoperative Patient","authors":"Julia O'Mahony,&nbsp;YiXuan Goh,&nbsp;Anne Lonergan,&nbsp;John Bourke","doi":"10.1111/cod.14770","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cod.14770","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Friar's Balsam or compound benzoin tincture is used for its antiseptic and protective properties for treating abrasions and minor lacerations. In some clinical situations, Friar's Balsam is also used in surgical dressings for its combined antiseptic and adhesive properties. We report a case of severe allergic contact dermatitis in a patient due to Friar's Balsam used to improve skin adhesion of dressings after varicose vein surgery.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A 40-year-old female was referred to the dermatology clinic in July 2022 for assessment of a cutaneous reaction on her right lower limb (Figure 1). A rash developed within 48 h of routine varicose vein surgery. She underwent patch testing to the British Society for Cutaneous Allergy (BSCA) standard, facial, fragrance, medicaments and methacrylates series. Patch tests were applied with IQ Ultra chambers with medical-grade adhesive tape and read at 48 and 96 h. She was additionally tested to steristrips and cicaplaie dressing. She had 1+ positive patch test reactions to fragrance mix I (8.0% wsp), &lt;i&gt;M\u0000yro\u0000xylon p\u0000ereirae&lt;/i&gt; (25% wsp), cinnamic alcohol (2.0% wsp) and jasmine absolute (2.0% wsp), but not to the aforementioned dressings. Based on these results, she was diagnosed with fragrance allergy and irritant reactions to dressings. In 2024, she was referred again by vascular surgery following a similar, more severe reaction on the left lower limb following varicose vein surgery. She underwent repeat patch testing to the BSCA standard series, in addition to facial, fragrance and medicaments series. We also patch tested with honeycomb dressing, which was used instead of Mepore dressing on this occasion. Following careful review of the dressing procedure with the vascular surgeon, we ascertained that no glues were used in the surgical procedure but that Friar's Balsam was applied to the skin before the overlying dressing. On this occasion, she had 1+ positive patch test reactions to \u0000 &lt;i&gt;Myroxylon pereirae&lt;/i&gt;\u0000 (25% wsp), fragrance mix I (8.0% wsp), oxidised linalool (0.5% wsp), cinnamic alcohol (2.0% wsp), isoeugenol (2.0% wsp), narcissus absolute (2.0% wsp) and jasmine absolute (2.0% wsp), and a (3+) reaction to a sample of neat Friar's Balsam applied to the abdomen (Figure 2). There was no reaction to neat Friar's Balsam applied to the abdomen of 10 control subjects.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Friar's Balsam is a traditional topical and inhaled topical medication made from a mixture of benzoin resin, tincture of benzoin, and other ingredients [&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;]. It was once widely used in surgery and wound care, before advancements in antiseptic and antimicrobial therapies. It was thought to reduce the risk of infection and improve dressing adherence. It is also known for its use as a home inhaled remedy for respiratory conditions [&lt;span&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Friar's Balsam or Compound Tincture of Benzoin is derived from natural resins. The main constituents are benzoin resin (contains benzoic acid, benzyl benz","PeriodicalId":10527,"journal":{"name":"Contact Dermatitis","volume":"92 6","pages":"486-487"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cod.14770","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143440210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Allergic Contact Dermatitis Caused by Isothiazolinones in an Ultrasound Gel: Need for Stricter Regulation of Topical Medical Devices","authors":"Goël Fenech,&nbsp;Lynda Bensefa-Colas,&nbsp;Marie-Noëlle Crepy","doi":"10.1111/cod.14771","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cod.14771","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;A 74-year-old non atopic retired male presented with weeping dermatitis that had been recurring for almost 2 years. His past medical history included vitiligo and osteoarthritis. The symptoms of his dermatitis had started a few weeks after repeated bi-weekly physiotherapy under ultrasound (US) guidance which included the topical application of LCH Supragel (Turkuaz, Istanbul, Turkey) always on the back, lower and upper extremities. After each application the gel was wiped off, without being completely cleaned and removed. He had already consulted several dermatologists and symptoms improved with topical corticosteroids yet reappeared upon discontinuation. Upon clinical examination, he had pruritic, erythematous oozing dermatitis affecting the lower back, buttocks, upper and lower limbs (Figure 1A,B).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The US gel was labelled as ‘no formaldehyde, paraben free, salt free, PVC free, water soluble’ without a list of ingredients. The safety data sheet (SDS) declared the contents as methylchloroisothiazolinone(MCI)/methylisothiazolinone(MI), carbomer, triethanolamine, monopropylene glycol.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Patch tests were performed with the European baseline, cosmetics and plastics/glues series (Chemotechnique Diagnostics, Vellinge, Sweden) using IQ-Ultra chambers (Chemotechnique Diagnostics) on Hypafix tape (BSN medical, Stockholm, Sweden). A semi-open test was performed with LCH Supragel ‘as is’. Readings per ESCD guidelines showed positive reactions on day(D) 2 and D3 to MCI/MI (+++) 0.02% aq. and to MI alone (+++) 0.2% aq. (with MCI/MI&gt;MI) (Figure 1C), benzisiothiazolinone (+), dimethylaminopropylamine (++). No reaction was observed with triethanolamine and propylene glycol. Carbomer was not tested. The semi-open test with LCH Supragel was positive (+) on D3.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The dermatitis healed completely with topical corticosteroids and avoidance of the US gel.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) due to isothiazolinones contained in an US gel has been described in both non-occupational [&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;] and occupational [&lt;span&gt;2-4&lt;/span&gt;] settings (Table 1). Supragel was marketed as ‘hypoallergenic’ and the labelled constituents did not declare any isothiazolinones. However, its SDS disclosed the mixture of MCI and MI (&lt; 0.0013%) in a 3:1 ratio.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;European legislation prohibits the use of MCI/MI in ‘leave-on’ products, but permits the use of a mixture of MCI/MI at a maximum of 0.0015% (15 ppm) in a 3:1 ratio in ‘rinse-off’ cosmetic products. Currently, there is no equivalent legal requirement for non-cosmetic products, particularly not regarding ‘topical’ medical devices. Although the concentration of MCI/MI in Supragel is below the permissible limit of rinse-off products, it is only sparsely removed with a tissue paper without actually immediately and thoroughly cleansing the skin with water. Our patient developed ACD after a few applications of the US gel. Taking into account the frequent and repeated application on the same skin area, it mig","PeriodicalId":10527,"journal":{"name":"Contact Dermatitis","volume":"92 6","pages":"483-485"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cod.14771","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143398269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Legislation and Current Practices Concerning Risk Assessment of Skin Sensitizers in the European Union: A Comparative and Survey Study","authors":"Mathias Krogh Pedersen,&nbsp;Jakob Ferløv Baselius Schwensen,&nbsp;Jose Hernán Alfonso,&nbsp;Steen Mollerup,&nbsp;Gianluca Selvestrel,&nbsp;Christina Rudén,&nbsp;Martin F. Wilks,&nbsp;Jeanne Duus Johansen","doi":"10.1111/cod.14754","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cod.14754","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Despite legislation aimed to protect the population against skin sensitization in the European Union (EU), over one quarter of the general population is sensitised to at least one chemical.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To provide an overview and comparison of European legislation concerning skin sensitization. In addition, we gathered the opinions of experts and stakeholders regarding improvements in the legislation and risk assessment process in the EU, to provide suggestions for improvement.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Legislation was identified and compared. Four questionnaires were created towards industry, competent authorities and regulators, researchers/clinicians, and non-governmental organisations. The questions concerned the legislation, the risk assessment process, data collection and potential improvements.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Seven areas of legislation were analysed. The legislation was found to be unharmonised, for example, differing modes of restriction and accepted tests for skin sensitization. Approximately 40% of the questionnaire respondents found that the EU legislation and tools were not sufficiently protective. To improve the legislation 83% suggested harmonisation and 68% suggested better data sharing. Other areas were: improved exposure data (78%), better understanding of the skin sensitization mechanism (67%) and non-animal tests (66%).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Stakeholders had varying confidence towards the protection of European citizens against skin sensitization. Multiple areas for improvement regarding the legislations and the risk assessment process were identified.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10527,"journal":{"name":"Contact Dermatitis","volume":"92 6","pages":"446-459"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cod.14754","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143364031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic Prurigo Associated With Allergic Contact Dermatitis: A Case Series Highlighting Textile Dyes and Fragrance Allergens","authors":"Juan Ruiz Sánchez,&nbsp;Joaquín Espiñeira Sicre,&nbsp;Víctor Cristóbal Redondo,&nbsp;Irene Albert Cobo,&nbsp;Omar Al-Wattar Ceballos,&nbsp;Juan Francisco Silvestre Salvador","doi":"10.1111/cod.14764","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cod.14764","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Chronic prurigo (CP) is a condition characterised by chronic pruritus and pruriginous lesions. While frequently associated with atopic dermatitis (AD), its link with allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is less understood.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To describe the clinical features, diagnostic findings, and therapeutic outcomes of CP associated with ACD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Patients/Materials/Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This case series included patients diagnosed with CP or prurigo nodularis, identified through medical records from a specialised ACD clinic. Inclusion criteria were positive patch tests identifying relevant allergens, complete medical histories, and resolution or improvement of CP lesions after allergen avoidance. Patch testing was performed using the Spanish Extended Baseline Series and additional allergen panels as needed, following International Contact Dermatitis Research Group guidelines.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Six patients were identified: four cases of CP associated with fragrances and two with textile dyes. All patients improved significantly with allergen avoidance; two required dupilumab. Histological findings and clinical responses suggested a Th2-driven immune response in fragrance-induced ACD and a Th2/Th17 involvement in azo dye-related cases.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>ACD caused by textile dyes and fragrances may manifest as papular dermatitis with features consistent with CP. Patch testing should be considered for idiopathic CP or cases associated with AD. Further studies are needed to clarify the immune mechanisms underlying this association.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10527,"journal":{"name":"Contact Dermatitis","volume":"92 6","pages":"469-474"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143364028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occupational Dermatoses in Parachute Riggers: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study","authors":"V. K. Sashindran,&nbsp;Rohit Kothari,&nbsp;Rahul Kumar","doi":"10.1111/cod.14763","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cod.14763","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Parachute riggers are specialised tradesmen involved in packing parachutes. Occupational dermatoses have never been studied in them despite their job entailing hard manual work.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To observe, diagnose, record and characterise various hand and nail changes and diseases in parachute riggers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Parachute riggers working at Paratrooper Training School (PTS), Agra, India, consenting to participate in the study were enrolled. A brief history and hand and nail changes seen using a hand-lens were recorded. Data were analysed using R-Project for Statistical Computing version R 3.6.2 for Windows.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 76 participants were examined. The mean age was 29.6 years and the mean duration of employment was 29.7 months. All were males. Callosities and loss of cuticle were the commonest abnormalities present in 61 (80.2%) and 57 (75%) participants, respectively. Other common changes were pitted scars 24 (31.5%), xeroderma 23 (30.2%), pigmentary changes 21 (27.6%), onychoschizia 10 (13.1%) and splinter haemorrhages 5 (6.5%). The most common diseases observed were dermatitis (21%) and onychomycosis. The odds ratio for occurrence of callosities decreased with age (OR 0.889, 95% CI 0.825–0.957, <i>p</i> = 0.002). Spearman's rank coefficient of correlation showed a statistically significant negative association between the number of hand and nail changes observed and duration of employment (Spearman's <i>ρ</i> = − 0.25, <i>p</i> = 0.03).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Most of the changes observed were secondary to repeated friction, pressure and dryness of hands. Emphasising adequate corrective measures involving barrier creams, good quality gloves and health education may significantly reduce the incidence of these changes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10527,"journal":{"name":"Contact Dermatitis","volume":"92 5","pages":"380-386"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143364033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Benzoyl Peroxide's Sensitisation Potential and Potency in Experimental Methods and Review of Contact Allergy and Allergic Contact Dermatitis","authors":"Kerstin Egele,&nbsp;Hans Drexler,&nbsp;Manigé Fartasch,&nbsp;Vera van Kampen,&nbsp;Hans F. Merk,&nbsp;Dennis Nowak,&nbsp;Axel Schnuch,&nbsp;Wolfgang Uter,&nbsp;Patricia Kreis,&nbsp;Brunhilde Blömeke","doi":"10.1111/cod.14765","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cod.14765","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Positive patch test responses to benzoyl peroxide (BPO) have been reported from patients without and with known exposure. Up to 6.5% were found in the United States and 7.8% in a study including patients from Germany, Austria and Switzerland. We provide an overview of the skin sensitisation potential and potency of BPO based on animal experiments and non-animal methods. BPO tested positive in Guinea Pig Tests and the Local Lymph Node Assay. Application of the current OECD guideline to identify a skin sensitizer by combining non-animal method results gave differing outcomes. Moreover, patch test responses of patients to BPO were considered to determine the importance of BPO as a relevant occupational contact allergen. Another well-known BPO exposure is the topical application to treat acne. Despite widespread use, extensive and long-term skin exposure, we found for this group only studies reporting few positive patch test reactions. Further, occupational handling of BPO and contact allergy is reported by dental technicians. In-depth evaluation of the prevalence of contact allergy in different professions with suspected BPO exposure did not reveal an association with occupational handling of BPO. Consequently, a generally increased risk for those professions is not supported.</p>","PeriodicalId":10527,"journal":{"name":"Contact Dermatitis","volume":"92 6","pages":"436-445"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cod.14765","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143255086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}