{"title":"Allergic Contact Dermatitis to Both Latanoprost and Dorzolamide in Eye Drops","authors":"Antoine Badaoui","doi":"10.1111/cod.14761","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cod.14761","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10527,"journal":{"name":"Contact Dermatitis","volume":"92 5","pages":"398-400"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143051699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"If Left to Your Own Devices, Consider Colophony","authors":"E. Dimitra Bednar, Joel G. DeKoven","doi":"10.1111/cod.14762","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cod.14762","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A 37-year-old female with Type 1 diabetes reported a 1-year history of an erythematous, papular and blistering eruption on her abdomen and lateral thighs which correlated with application sites of her Omnipod CSII insulin pump (Insulet Corporation, Acton, Massachusetts) and Dexcom G6 glucose sensor (Dexcom Inc., San Diego, California). Her regimen for device application included: isopropyl alcohol wipe, 3M Cavilon No Sting Barrier wipe (3M Inc., Saint Paul, Minnesota), SKIN TAC adhesive wipe (Torbot Group Inc., Cranston, Rhode Island), IV 3000 transparent adhesive film dressing (Smith & Nephew Inc., Mississauga, Ontario, Canada), then the diabetes-related-device (DRD). On examination, there were multiple well-demarcated dermatitic plaques on the abdomen and thighs (Figure 1).</p><p>The patient was patch tested to the North American Contact Dermatitis Group Screening and Supplement series (Chemotechnique Diagnostics, Vellinge, Sweden), the methacrylate/acrylate adhesive series (Chemotechnique), methylene-bis monoacrylate 1.0% in petrolatum (custom preparation) and SKIN-TAC adhesive wipe (semi-occlusive). After 96 h, reactions were noted to colophonium 20.0% in petrolatum (1+) and SKIN-TAC (1+). Previous literature indicated colophony was an ingredient in the SKIN-TAC, Omnipod CSII and Dexcom G6 [<span>1-5</span>].</p><p>Our patient strongly preferred the tubeless Omnipod CSII and found the Dexcom G6 user-friendly. Therefore, we recommended she discontinue the adhesive wipes but otherwise continue with her DRDs over unaffected skin. Within 1 month, her dermatitis resolved and new application sites were clear.</p><p>Allergic contact dermatitis to insulin pumps, glucose sensors and their adhesive components is reported frequently [<span>1-5</span>]. Usually, the allergens are a component within the DRD. Isobornyl acrylate is the most commonly recognised allergen, but multiple reports identified colophony as relevant [<span>1-5</span>]. Because our patient subsequently tolerated her DRDs after selective discontinuation of SKIN-TAC, further investigation was conducted.</p><p>The manufacturer of SKIN-TAC discloses colophony in their product, with a concentration by weight of < 18% [<span>6</span>]. Allergic contact sensitization may occur because SKIN-TAC is applied wet, air dried, then occluded [<span>7</span>]. The Omnipod CSII was previously reported to contain colophony, however, the manufacturer disclosed to us that their internal analysis did not show colophony or related substances [<span>2, 8</span>]. The components had not changed, and are consistent worldwide [<span>8</span>]. The Dexcom G6 adhesive patches analysed via gas chromatography–mass spectrometry suggested the presence of a colophony-related substance, but further investigation was recommended [<span>5</span>]. In summary, SKIN-TAC may have been the only relevant exposure for the patient.</p><p>This case illustrates the value of eliciting a comprehensive inventory of all co","PeriodicalId":10527,"journal":{"name":"Contact Dermatitis","volume":"92 5","pages":"401-402"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cod.14762","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143051706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Esen Özkaya, Yasemin Erdem, İmran Can Özdemir, Tuğrul Furkan Morgül
{"title":"Allergic Contact Dermatitis From Colophonium in Upholstery Adhesive: Two Case Reports of a Novel Source","authors":"Esen Özkaya, Yasemin Erdem, İmran Can Özdemir, Tuğrul Furkan Morgül","doi":"10.1111/cod.14760","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cod.14760","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10527,"journal":{"name":"Contact Dermatitis","volume":"92 5","pages":"403-407"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143045742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Severe Allergic Contact Dermatitis to Hair Dye in a Patient With Atopic Dermatitis During Dupilumab Therapy","authors":"Alessandra Chiei Gallo, Gianluca Tavoletti, Gianluca Avallone, Eleonora Bono, Francesca Barei, Paolo Calzari, Angelo Valerio Marzano, Silvia Mariel Ferrucci","doi":"10.1111/cod.14759","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cod.14759","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Dupilumab, a monoclonal antibody that targets the interleukin-4 (IL-4) receptor alpha, effectively disrupts the T helper 2 (Th2)-mediated inflammatory cascade, a pathway critical to the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD). While its clinical benefits in AD are well-documented, its influence on patch test outcomes and the management of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) remains less clearly understood [<span>1</span>]. The immunological mechanisms driving ACD are complex, frequently involving a Th1/Th17-mediated response [<span>2</span>]. In certain cases, specific allergens can activate different immune responses, such as the Th2 pathway triggered by exposure to fragrances and rubber, adding further complexity to the immunological landscape [<span>3</span>].</p><p>A 38-year-old female with a longstanding history of AD presented with an Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) score of 26. Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) included a Pruritus Numeric Rating Scale (Pruritus-NRS) of 9, Sleep-NRS of 9, Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) of 21, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) scores of 9 for anxiety (HADS-A) and 12 for depression (HADS-D). The patient had been dyeing her hair regularly over the last year. Previous patch testing in 2018 (2016 SIDAPA Baseline series) was performed because of suspected contact triggers for her AD; paraphenylenediamine (PPD) 1% pet. was included but tested negative. Her medical history was significant for allergic asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis, bilateral keratoconus, and polysensitization to aeroallergens. The laboratory evaluation was largely unremarkable, with normal findings across complete blood count, inflammatory markers, and liver and kidney function tests, except for an elevated serum Immunoglobulin E (IgE) level of 2550 IU/mL. Previous treatments, including topical and systemic corticosteroids and calcineurin inhibitors, failed to achieve a sustained control. The patient initiated dupilumab with a 600 mg loading dose, followed by a 300 mg biweekly maintenance regimen, along with topical corticosteroids. At 16-week, her EASI score had markedly improved to 2, Pruritus-NRS to 5, with corresponding improvements in Sleep-NRS (3), DLQI (2), HADS-A (4), and HADS-D (3).</p><p>After six months of dupilumab, the patient experienced a worsening of AD symptoms a few days after exposure to hair dye (EASI 11, Sleep-NRS 6, DLQI 5, HADS-A 7, and HADS-D 5), with eczematous lesions emerging on the neck, face and antecubital folds. Concurrently, erythematous and pruritic plaques developed on the scalp, raising suspicion of ACD potentially triggered by hair dye. Patch testing was recommended, employing the 2023 Italian Baseline series according to the AIFA Technical Committee [<span>4</span>], along with the hairdressing series (Smart Practice, Rome, Italy), performed without dupilumab discontinuation. Strongly positive reactions (+++) were observed to PPD 1% pet., p-Aminophenol 1% pet., Disperse Orange 3 1% pet.,","PeriodicalId":10527,"journal":{"name":"Contact Dermatitis","volume":"92 5","pages":"392-394"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cod.14759","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143001413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Beatriz F. Vilela, Pedro S. Farinha, Bruno Duarte, Ana Brasileiro
{"title":"Dupilumab-Associated Unmasking of Allergic Contact Dermatitis","authors":"Beatriz F. Vilela, Pedro S. Farinha, Bruno Duarte, Ana Brasileiro","doi":"10.1111/cod.14758","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cod.14758","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10527,"journal":{"name":"Contact Dermatitis","volume":"92 5","pages":"390-391"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143001410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daniel Isufi, Mikkel Bak Jensen, Christoffer Kursawe Larsen, Farzad Alinaghi, Jakob Ferløv Baselius Schwensen, Jeanne D. Johansen
{"title":"Allergens Responsible for Contact Allergy in Children From 2010 to 2024: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Daniel Isufi, Mikkel Bak Jensen, Christoffer Kursawe Larsen, Farzad Alinaghi, Jakob Ferløv Baselius Schwensen, Jeanne D. Johansen","doi":"10.1111/cod.14753","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cod.14753","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Contact allergy (CA) is a frequent condition in children; however, newer estimates of the prevalence of CA in children are lacking. Herein, we aim to provide an estimate of the prevalence of CA in children from 2010 to 2024. Two authors independently searched PubMed, Embase and Web of Science for studies reporting the prevalence of positive patch tests (PPTs) to allergens in populations including ≥ 100 children (< 18 years). Proportion meta-analyses were conducted to calculate the pooled prevalence estimates of CA in children. Seventeen studies comprising 11 593 children undergoing patch testing with 4176 (36%) PPTs were eligible for inclusion. The allergen with the highest prevalence was nickel (11.9% [95% confidence interval [CI], 8.6%–15.71%]), followed by cobalt (6.6% [95% CI, 4.2%–9.5%]), cocamidopropyl betaine (5.5% [95% CI, 3.1–8.7]), bacitracin (5.2% [95% CI, 1.2%–10.0%]), fragrance mix I (4.8% [95% CI, 2.9%–7.1%]) and methylisothiazolinone (4.3% [95% CI, 2.2%–7.2%]). Children with atopic dermatitis had higher rates of PPTs for cocamidopropyl betaine, propylene glycol, lanolin alcohol and carba mix. Across geographical areas, higher prevalences of several allergens were found in the United States compared to Europe, for example, for methylisothiazolinone. This meta-analysis confirmed that CA is frequent in children across geographical areas; however, differences in the frequency of top allergens depend on regulatory interventions, indicating their value.</p>","PeriodicalId":10527,"journal":{"name":"Contact Dermatitis","volume":"92 5","pages":"327-343"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cod.14753","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143001407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Type I Hypersensitivity due to Basic Blue 99 in a Hair Colour Conditioning Agent","authors":"Takafumi Numata, Kazuki Fujimori, Kana Kato, Tomonobu Ito, Kazutoshi Harada, Yukari Okubo","doi":"10.1111/cod.14755","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cod.14755","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Basic Blue 99 (BB99) is used as a direct, nonoxidative hair colourant in hair dyes [<span>1</span>]. Type I hypersensitivity to BB99 has rarely been reported [<span>2-5</span>]. We herein present a case of Type I hypersensitivity caused by BB99 and review four, previously reported cases.</p><p>A 54-year-old, female, Japanese patient visited our dermatology department following a recent episode of Type I hypersensitivity. She had a history of atopic dermatitis, cold urticaria, and contact dermatitis caused by <i>p-</i>phenylenediamine (PPD)-containing hair dye. Moreover, 4 years previously, following the self-application of a hair colour conditioning agent without PPD, she experienced a pruritic facial rash, which subsided overnight.</p><p>One month prior to her current presentation, she experienced a pruritic facial rash, throat irritation, sneezing, stomach pain, and vomiting 20 min after a non-PPD hair dye, a hair colour conditioning agent, and a hydrogen peroxide solution had been applied to her hair in a hair salon. She visited an emergency centre at a nearby hospital where Type I hypersensitivity reaction triggered by the hair dye or hair colour conditioning agent was diagnosed. A skin prick test carried out with the same hair colour conditioning agent which she used 4 years ago (Hair colour conditioning agent <b>A</b>) and the hair colour conditioning agent used most recently at the hair salon (Hair colour conditioning agent <b>B</b>), both at a 1% dilution in saline, as well as hair dye at a 1% dilution in saline and the hydrogen peroxide solution ‘as is’, was positive for both hair colour conditioning agents but was negative for the hair dye and hydrogen peroxide solution within 15 min after application (Figure 1A,B,D). A skin prick test later performed using the ingredients of the hair colour conditioning agents and the two hair colour conditioning agents was positive for BB99 and the two hair colour conditioning agents, but was negative for Basic Brown 16 and Basic Brown 17 within 15 min after application (Figure 1C,D). Both hair colour conditioning agents contained BB99, leading to the diagnosis of Type I hypersensitivity induced by BB99.</p><p>BB99 (3-[(4-amino-6-bromo-5,8-dihydro-1-hydroxy-8-imino-5-oxo-2-naphthalenyl) amino]-N,N,N-trimethyl benzenaminium chloride [Arianor Steel Blue; CAS no. 68123-13-7]) can cause Type I hypersensitivity, including contact urticaria and contact anaphylaxis. Besides the present case, only four other cases of Type I hypersensitivity caused by BB99 have been reported to date (Table 1). Interestingly, all the patients were older than 50 years, and most were female. Two patients had a history of an atopic disorder. The positive concentration used for the skin prick tests ranged from 0.1% to 1%.</p><p>In conclusion, hair dyes containing BB99 are commonly used worldwide, but BB99 itself has rarely been reported as a contact sensitizer. The skin prick test is a useful method of identifying the allergenic","PeriodicalId":10527,"journal":{"name":"Contact Dermatitis","volume":"92 5","pages":"414-416"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cod.14755","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142977956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wolfgang Uter, Klaus Ejner Andersen, Richard Brans, Magnus Bruze, Steffen Schubert, Margarida Gonçalo, the EECDRG
{"title":"The ‘MOAHLFA(P) Index’: An Attempt to Standardise a Widely Used Array of Descriptors of Patch-Tested Patients","authors":"Wolfgang Uter, Klaus Ejner Andersen, Richard Brans, Magnus Bruze, Steffen Schubert, Margarida Gonçalo, the EECDRG","doi":"10.1111/cod.14750","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cod.14750","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Since its inception in 1980, the MOHL index (% patients who are male, have occupational, hand, or leg dermatitis, respectively) and its later evolutions until the presently used MOAHLFA(P) index (adding % patients with atopic dermatitis, face dermatitis, age 40+ years and positive reaction(s) to ≥ 1 baseline series allergen) have been intended to convey important demographic and clinical information on the patients patch tested in a certain area and time, aiding the interpretation of the observed spectrum of sensitisation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To examine the current usage of the MOAHLFA(P) index and suggest consolidated definitions for its single items.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A title/abstract search in Medline identified publications mentioning the evolving acronyms. A Delphi-like survey among contact dermatitis experts collected agreement with suggested definitions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The search term ‘MOAHLFA’ was used in 35 publications from a broad geographical origin. More than 80% of the 24 participants of the survey (65% response) agreed on maintaining to use (i) sex for the ‘M’ criterion, (ii) occupation-related dermatitis irrespective of medicolegal definitions for the ‘O’, (iii) atopic dermatitis (but not rhinitis or asthma) for the ‘A’. The possibility to use more than one site among ‘H’, ‘L’ and ‘F’ and a more detailed description of age distribution were favoured, and the difficult interpretability of the ‘P’ measure was highlighted.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The ‘classical’ MOAHLFA(P) index may be extended. Some aspects, notably atopic dermatitis, need further standardisation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10527,"journal":{"name":"Contact Dermatitis","volume":"92 4","pages":"251-260"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cod.14750","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142969913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Luca Cegolon, Francesca Larese Filon, the North-East Research Group on Contact Dermatitis
{"title":"Prevalence and Determinants of Sensitisation to Neomycin in North-Eastern Italy, 1997–2021","authors":"Luca Cegolon, Francesca Larese Filon, the North-East Research Group on Contact Dermatitis","doi":"10.1111/cod.14730","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cod.14730","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) induced by topical application of neomycin is frequently reported.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This multi-center study investigated prevalence and determinants of neomycin sensitisations in 30 629 outpatients from North-eastern Italy during 1997–2021.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Patients and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>European baseline and extended Triveneto series were applied on the upper back of patients patch testing for suspected ACD and removed after 48 h.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Prevalence of neomycin sensitisation was 2.29% (=701/30 629), significantly decreasing over time, especially after 2003. Neomycin sensitisation increased with age, especially in female patients older than 60 with leg dermatitis. The majority of patients sensitised to neomycin (74.5%) tested positive also against other haptens, particularly ingredients included in creams and emollients, as lanolin or benzocaine or preservatives as thimerosal or parabens.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The decreasing prevalence of neomycin sensitisation over time likely reflected reduced accessibility and circulation of neomycin in Italy, due to containment of prescriptions and over-the-counter accessibility. Older individuals are typically more likely to be treated by topical medications and antibiotics as neomycin for various conditions, including stasis dermatitis. Since ACD caused by topical medications is relatively easy to miss, comprehensive drug history and patch testing are essential for any patient with suspected sensitisation caused by neomycin.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10527,"journal":{"name":"Contact Dermatitis","volume":"92 6","pages":"460-468"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cod.14730","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142945898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}