Contact Dermatitis最新文献

{"title":"Self-Reported Severity of Hand Eczema: Important Outcome but How Can We Measure It?","authors":"Annika Wilke, Marc Rocholl, Christoph Skudlik, Kathrin Nordheider","doi":"10.1111/cod.14811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cod.14811","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10527,"journal":{"name":"Contact Dermatitis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144076462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thresholds for Contact Allergy to a Rubber Accelerator: TETD—Determined by Serial Dilution Patch Testing and a Simulated Glove-Use Model","authors":"Christoffer Kursawe Larsen,&nbsp;Jeanne D. Johansen,&nbsp;Claus Zachariae,&nbsp;Cecilia Svedman,&nbsp;Ola Bergendorff,&nbsp;Charlotte G. Mortz,&nbsp;Jakob F. B. Schwensen","doi":"10.1111/cod.14817","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cod.14817","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Rubber accelerators found in rubber gloves may cause contact allergy and thus allergic contact dermatitis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To investigate which doses of tetraethylthiuram disulfide (TETD) elicit allergic contact dermatitis by patch testing and in a repeated occluded application test simulating glove use.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Patients and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A multicentre study was conducted. Eight patients with contact allergy to TETD and eight controls comprised the study group. Doses of TETD 1% (400 μg/cm²), 0.33% (130 μg/cm²), 0.11% (44 μg/cm²), 0.037% (15 μg/cm²), 0.012% (4.9 μg/cm²), 0.0041% (1.6 μg/cm²) and pure vehicle (petrolatum) were used for the patch test. Doses of TETD 1% (39 μg/cm²), 0.33% (13 μg/cm²), 0.11% (4.3 μg/cm²) and pure vehicle (99:1 ethanol: water) were used for the repeated occluded application test.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Three patients (3/8) reacted to the lowest TETD dose of 0.0041% (1.6 μg/cm²) in the patch test. All patients reacted to all doses of TETD in the repeated occluded application test, none to the vehicle. The patch test dose of TETD that elicited allergic contact dermatitis in 10% of the patients (ED₁₀) was estimated to be 0.75 μg/cm².</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A content of 0.75 μg/cm² TETD in rubber gloves may elicit allergic contact dermatitis. We suggest that future studies investigating contact allergy to rubber accelerators should base their methodology on the repeated occluded application test design presented in this study.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p>\u0000 <b>Trial Registration:</b> ClinicalTrial.gov identifier: NCT06042309</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10527,"journal":{"name":"Contact Dermatitis","volume":"93 2","pages":"138-147"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cod.14817","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144076465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Alcohol-Based Virucidal Hand Sanitizers on Skin Barrier Function—A Randomised Experimental Study","authors":"Michal Gina,&nbsp;Robert Ofenloch,&nbsp;Ingeborg Schwebke,&nbsp;Nils-Olaf Hübner,&nbsp;Thomas Brüning,&nbsp;Manigé Fartasch","doi":"10.1111/cod.14808","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cod.14808","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Applying alcohol-based hand rubs (ABHRs) is a proven means of combating hand-borne microorganisms. In addition to their bactericidal activity, some rubs also have virucidal properties (ABVHRs). Frequent use of ABHRs can result in skin irritation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study investigates the impact of four commercially available ABVHRs on skin function (ABVHR A-D). ABVHR-A and ABVHR-B contained ethanol in higher concentrations, whereas ABVHR-C and ABVHR-D comprised ethanol and 1-propanol at lower concentrations combined with phosphoric acid (PA).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using occlusion-modified tandem irritation tests and standard bioengineering methods, we assessed the effects of these ABVHRs and controls (ethanol, isopropanol, PA, water) on 48 healthy Caucasian volunteers' skin.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In general, alcohols and ABVHRs were well tolerated. However, the results revealed significant changes in transepidermal water loss (TEWL), corneometry, and colorimetry between baseline and day 3 for all ABVHRs and controls, particularly for ABVHR-D (TEWL change 6.43 (SD 1.40) to 8.76 (SD 3.87)). Although the differences between the ABVHRs were not statistically significant, ABVHR-A and ABVHR-D significantly increased TEWL compared to water. Most ABVHRs demonstrated a better skin irritation profile than pure ethanol (80%) and isopropanol (70%). PA slightly reduced corneometry values.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study suggests that the irritative potential of ABVHRs varies, likely due to differences in alcohol type (1-propanol in particular) and concentration. At the tested concentration, PA appears to be well tolerated and may enhance virucidal activity without significantly increasing skin irritation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10527,"journal":{"name":"Contact Dermatitis","volume":"93 2","pages":"119-130"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cod.14808","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143969557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occupational Protein Contact Dermatitis and Allergic Contact Dermatitis From Different Vegetables in a Market Gardener","authors":"Alexis Lefebvre,&nbsp;Clémence Gautier,&nbsp;Mathieu Lagassy,&nbsp;Florence Tetart","doi":"10.1111/cod.14801","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cod.14801","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10527,"journal":{"name":"Contact Dermatitis","volume":"93 2","pages":"168-170"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143981092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sodium Benzoate as an Emerging but Problematic Allergen: Retrospective Analysis of Patch Test Results in 3198 Cases Underlines the Need for an Improved Test Preparation, as Even Dubious Reactions May Be Clinically Relevant","authors":"Nicholas J. Lawrance,&nbsp;Catherine R. Holden,&nbsp;David J. Gawkrodger","doi":"10.1111/cod.14803","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cod.14803","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sodium benzoate is increasingly used as a preservative in personal care products and in foods. Recently published experience of patch testing sodium benzoate at 5% in pet shows it to be an allergen that may be assuming increasing clinical relevance.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We set out to define the prevalence of clinically relevant reactions to sodium benzoate, to delineate problems with the interpretation of patch test readings to this allergen and to identify whether its inclusion in various series offers additional diagnostic benefit beyond those offered by commonly tested allergens, for example benzoic acid and \u0000 <i>Myroxylon pereirae</i>\u0000 , with which it may show some cross reactivity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>From 2008 to 2023, 3198 patients were patch tested to 5% sodium benzoate in pet, which has been included in our bakery/cheilitis, fragrance and facial series. Types of reaction, clinical relevance and cross-reactivities were noted.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Of 3198 subjects tested to 5% sodium benzoate in pet, 57 (1.8%) had an allergic positive reaction (+/++), 53 (1.6%) had a doubtful reaction (?+) and 133 (4.1%) had an irritant reaction (IR) – meaning that ?+ or irritant reactions were more than three times more common than allergic responses. Clinical relevance was identified in 67% (38 of 57) of + or ++ reactors to sodium benzoate, and in 36% (19 of 53) of those with doubtful (?+) reactions.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Co-reactivity to benzoic acid was seen in 15.4% of cases + or ++ to sodium benzoate.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The positivity ratio (the proportion of + reactions compared to ++ and +++) was 96.5% and the reaction index (number of allergic positives compared to ?+ or IR) was −0.53. Both indices indicate a problematic allergen.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This series reaffirms that sodium benzoate is an important allergen which should be included in bakery/cheilitis, fragrance and facial series in addition to benzoic acid and <i>Myroxylon pereirae</i>, with which it occasionally cross-reacts. However, it is tricky to test and its reactions are difficult to interpret—underlining the need to refine the preparation used for patch testing.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10527,"journal":{"name":"Contact Dermatitis","volume":"93 2","pages":"114-118"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cod.14803","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143969556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Composition of Myroxylon pereirae Resin and Colophonium for Patch Testing","authors":"Anton de Groot,&nbsp;Evelyn Calta,&nbsp;Norbertus A. Ipenburg,&nbsp;Emma M. van Oers,&nbsp;Thomas Rustemeyer","doi":"10.1111/cod.14807","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cod.14807","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In patch testing, co-reactivity between \u0000 <i>Myroxylon pereirae</i>\u0000 resin, colophonium and propolis is well recognised. One of the possible explanations is that these materials have common allergenic ingredients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To identify the main ingredients in \u0000 <i>M. pereirae</i>\u0000 resin and colophonium samples used in the preparation of commercial patch test allergens and to compare their compositions with each other as well as with propolis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Analyses were performed on \u0000 <i>M. pereirae</i>\u0000 resin and colophonium samples using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry/flame ionisation detection of the volatile components obtained by headspace SPME (solid phase microextraction).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The main ingredients in \u0000 <i>M. pereirae</i>\u0000 resin were benzyl benzoate, (<i>E)</i>-nerolidol, benzoic acid, benzyl alcohol, (<i>E</i>)-cinnamic acid, vanillin and (<i>E</i>)-benzyl cinnamate. In colophonium, longifolene, caryophyllene oxide, acetone + formic acid, α-terpineol and δ-cadinene + calamenene were the major constituents.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The major ingredients of the volatile fractions of \u0000 <i>M. pereirae</i>\u0000 resin and colophonium are quite different; common haptens in volatile ingredients cannot readily explain co-reactivity. \u0000 <i>M. pereirae</i>\u0000 resin has cinnamic acid- and benzoic acid derivatives in common with propolis and in addition (<i>E</i>)-nerolidol and vanillin with Brazilian propolis and benzyl alcohol with Chinese propolis. Colophonium shares various ingredients with Brazilian propolis but few with the Chinese variety.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10527,"journal":{"name":"Contact Dermatitis","volume":"93 2","pages":"108-113"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cod.14807","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143957451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tolerance of Other Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors in a Patient With Dorzolamide-Induced Allergic Contact Dermatitis","authors":"María Nerea Otero-Fernández,&nbsp;Elena Laffond-Yges,&nbsp;Esther María Moreno-Rodilla,&nbsp;Adelaida Cabrera-Núñez,&nbsp;Elena Mazoteras-Martínez,&nbsp;Egleé Elena Muñoz-Díaz,&nbsp;Ignacio Jesús Dávila-González","doi":"10.1111/cod.14809","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cod.14809","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10527,"journal":{"name":"Contact Dermatitis","volume":"93 2","pages":"163-164"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143976315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Terpene Hydroperoxides as Lipid Peroxidation Inducers: Biomimetic and HaCaT Cell Studies in Allergic Contact Dermatitis","authors":"Aaron I. Moore,&nbsp;Ana S. P. Moreira,&nbsp;Tiago Conde,&nbsp;Tânia Melo,&nbsp;Pedro Domingues,&nbsp;Niamh M. O'Boyle,&nbsp;M. Rosário Domingues","doi":"10.1111/cod.14804","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cod.14804","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Terpene hydroperoxides are oxidation products of fragrance terpenes commonly found in cosmetic and household products. They are moderate to strong contact allergens associated with allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). Through the cleavage of their oxygen–oxygen bond, they have the potential to induce lipid peroxidation (LPO). However, the role of oxidised lipids in the context of ACD is largely unexplored.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Herein, the capacity of terpene hydroperoxides derived from linalool (Lin-6/7-OOH), geraniol (Ger-6/7-OOH), and limonene (Lim-2-OOH) to induce LPO was evaluated using liposomes in a biomimetic metal-catalysed oxidation system. LPO products were identified and quantified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and Tandem MS (MS/MS). The C11-BODIPY^581/591 ratio-fluorescence probe was also used to assess the capacity of terpene hydroperoxides to cause LPO in vitro using a human epidermal keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>LC-MS/MS analysis identified 14 LPO products (long-chain and short-chain) formed under metal-catalysed oxidation mediated by terpene hydroperoxides. All hydroperoxides tested at 50 mM caused significant LPO, with Lim-2-OOH exhibiting exceptionally high oxidising potential. The C11-BODIPY^581/591 ratio-fluorescence assay also revealed higher oxidation associated with Lim-2-OOH.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This work shows the ability of terpene hydroperoxide allergens to cause LPO, raising the possibility that LPO products may act as effectors in the pathogenesis of ACD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10527,"journal":{"name":"Contact Dermatitis","volume":"93 1","pages":"16-30"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cod.14804","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143957341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contact Dermatitis and Related Exposures in Danish Adolescents—Self-Reported Data From a Nationwide Questionnaire Study","authors":"Anne Birgitte Simonsen,&nbsp;Jojo Biel-Nielsen Dietz,&nbsp;Jeanne Duus Johansen","doi":"10.1111/cod.14805","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cod.14805","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Very little is known about skin exposures and related contact dermatitis among adolescents in the general population.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To explore the epidemiology of contact dermatitis and related skin exposures in Danish adolescents.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study was designed as a self-administered questionnaire study. An electronic questionnaire, intended to cover previous and current atopic dermatitis, previous and current facial- and hand eczema, and current skin exposures, was sent out to a random sample of 13.000 Danish individuals aged 15–19 years.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 5251 (40%) responded to the questionnaire. More than one third of participants (33.8%) reported a history of contact dermatitis from the use of a cosmetic product, and nearly 20% had a history of dermatitis following skin contact with a metal item. The risk of contact dermatitis from the use of cosmetic products was significantly and strongly associated with female sex (OR 2.9) and atopic dermatitis (OR 1.8).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Adolescent girls were significantly more exposed to cosmetic products, piercings, hair dye, brow tints and artificial nails compared to boys and at a younger age. Given that contact dermatitis may become chronic and result in lifelong skin issues, greater attention should be directed toward enhancing the safety of cosmetic products.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10527,"journal":{"name":"Contact Dermatitis","volume":"93 1","pages":"39-48"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143986889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Positive Osimertinib Patch Test in a Bullous Lichenoid Drug Reaction","authors":"Clarisse Marcombes,&nbsp;Kamar Bel Hareth,&nbsp;Héloïse Mazoyer,&nbsp;Sabina Solinas,&nbsp;Saskia Ingen-Housz-Oro,&nbsp;Haudrey Assier","doi":"10.1111/cod.14810","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cod.14810","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10527,"journal":{"name":"Contact Dermatitis","volume":"93 2","pages":"165-167"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143971428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}