Coatings最新文献

{"title":"High-Performance Sodium Alginate Fiber-Reinforced Polyvinyl Alcohol Hydrogel for Artificial Cartilage","authors":"Lingling Cui, Yifan Lu, Jun Wang, Haiqin Ding, Guodong Jia, Zhiwei Li, Guang Ji, Dangsheng Xiong","doi":"10.3390/coatings15080893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15080893","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrogels, especially Polyvinyl alcohols, have received extensive attention as alternative materials for articular cartilage. Aiming at the problems such as low strength and poor toughness of polyvinyl alcohol hydrogels in practical applications, an enhancement and modification strategy is proposed. Sodium alginate fibers were introduced into polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel network through physical blending and freezing/thawing methods. The prepared composite hydrogels exhibited a three-dimensional porous network structure similar to that of human articular cartilage. The mechanical and tribological properties of hydrogels have been significantly improved, due to the multiple hydrogen bonding interaction between sodium alginate fibers and polyvinyl alcohol. Most importantly, under a load of 2 N, the friction coefficient of the PVA/0.4SA hydrogel can remain stable at 0.02 when lubricated in PBS buffer for 1 h. This work provides a novel design strategy for the development of high-performance polyvinyl alcohol hydrogels.","PeriodicalId":10520,"journal":{"name":"Coatings","volume":"15 8","pages":"893-893"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6412/15/8/893/pdf?version=1754047211","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147877350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimized Si-H Content and Multivariate Engineering of PMHS Antifoamers for Superior Foam Suppression in High-Viscosity Systems","authors":"Soyeon Kim, Changchun Liu, Jing Huang, Xiang Feng, Hong Tu Sun, Xiaoli Zhan, M. K. Shi, H.L. Bai, Guping Tang","doi":"10.3390/coatings15080894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15080894","url":null,"abstract":"A modular strategy for the molecular design of silicone-based antifoaming agents was developed by precisely controlling the architecture of poly (methylhydrosiloxane) (PMHS). Sixteen PMHS variants were synthesized by systematically varying the siloxane chain length (L1–L4), backbone composition (D3T1 vs. D30T1), and terminal group chemistry (H- vs. M-type). These structural modifications resulted in a broad range of Si-H functionalities, which were quantitatively analyzed and correlated with defoaming performance. The PMHS matrices were integrated with high-viscosity PDMS, a nonionic surfactant, and covalently grafted fumed silica—which was chemically matched to each PMHS backbone—to construct formulation-specific defoaming systems with enhanced interfacial compatibility and colloidal stability. Comprehensive physicochemical characterization via FT-IR, 1H NMR, GPC, TGA, and surface tension analysis revealed a nonmonotonic relationship between Si-H content and defoaming efficiency. Formulations containing 0.1–0.3 wt% Si-H achieved peak performance, with suppression efficiencies up to 96.6% and surface tensions as low as 18.9 mN/m. Deviations from this optimal range impaired performance due to interfacial over-reactivity or reduced mobility. Furthermore, thermal stability and molecular weight distribution were found to be governed by repeat unit architecture and terminal group selection. Compared with conventional EO/PO-modified commercial defoamers, the PMHS-based systems exhibited markedly improved suppression durability and formulation stability in high-viscosity environments. These results establish a predictive structure–property framework for tailoring antifoaming agents and highlight PMHS-based formulations as advanced foam suppressors with improved functionality. This study provides actionable design criteria for high-performance silicone materials with strong potential for application in thermally and mechanically demanding environments such as coating, bioprocessing, and polymer manufacturing.","PeriodicalId":10520,"journal":{"name":"Coatings","volume":"15 8","pages":"894-894"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6412/15/8/894/pdf?version=1754027175","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147331468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation of S-Doped Ni-Mn-Fe Layered Hydroxide for High-Performance of Oxygen Evolution Reaction","authors":"Jiefeng Wang, Shilin Li, Yifan Guo, Jiaqi Ding, Zhi Lu","doi":"10.3390/coatings15070825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15070825","url":null,"abstract":"A novel catalyst with a metal sulfide/hydroxide heterostructure was prepared by introducing sulfur ions into NiMnFe layered hydroxide by a simple hydrothermal method, using a series of characterization methods and electrochemical tests to explore the optimal sulfur ion doping amount. The XPS results show that the introduction of sulfur ions leads to a change in metal electron delocalization, which is conducive to the OER procedure. The newly formed metal sulfide can not only improve the conductivity of NiMnFe LDH/NF electrode materials but also enhance the intrinsic catalytic activity of the materials. The electrochemical performance indicated that the S2-NiMnFe LDH/NF catalyst required only 205 mV overpotential to provide a current density of 10 mA−2, and the Tafel slope was only 45.79 mV dec−1. In addition, the large turnover frequency value (1.2614 S−1) reflects the excellent intrinsic activity of the novel catalytic material.","PeriodicalId":10520,"journal":{"name":"Coatings","volume":"15 7","pages":"825-825"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6412/15/7/825/pdf?version=1752582148","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147919234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Methodology for Lacquer Gilding Restoration of Sandstone Sculptures: A Multidisciplinary Approach Combining Material Characterization and Environmental Adaptation","authors":"Haijun Bu, Jianrui Zha","doi":"10.3390/coatings15070819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15070819","url":null,"abstract":"The restoration of gold leaf on sandstone sculptures requires structural stability, aesthetic considerations, and compliance with the principles of cultural heritage preservation. A primary issue is achieving visual and material compatibility between newly restored and original areas. Based on the “Diagnosis–Analysis–Selection–Restoration” methodology, the research team developed a targeted restoration approach for gilded stone sculptures, using the Shakyamuni sculpture at Erfo Temple in Chongqing as a case study. Assessment of the current situation revealed that over 70% of the sculpture’s surface exhibited gold leaf delamination. The composition and structure of the gold-sizing lacquer, lacquer plaster filler, ground layers, and pigments were investigated using SEM-EDS, XRD, Raman spectroscopy, and THM-Py-GC/MS techniques. The results confirmed that the sculpture featured a typical multilayer gilding structure with clear evidence of historical restorations. Considering both material performance and interfacial compatibility, an NHL2/SiO2/SF016 composite emulsion and traditional lacquer plaster were selected as the optimal materials for reattachment and infill, respectively. A scientific restoration protocol was developed, encompassing gentle cleaning, targeted reattachment and reinforcement, and region-specific repair methods. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to evaluate the influence of temperature and humidity on the curing behavior of lacquer layers. Additionally, a non-invasive gold leaf color-matching technique was developed by controlling the surface roughness of the gold-sizing lacquer, effectively avoiding the damage caused by traditional color-matching methods.","PeriodicalId":10520,"journal":{"name":"Coatings","volume":"15 7","pages":"819-819"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6412/15/7/819/pdf?version=1752492875","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147333086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction of Silane-Modified Diatomite-Magnetic Nanocomposite Superhydrophobic Coatings Using Multi-Scale Composite Principle","authors":"Dan Li, Mei Wu, Ru Xia, Jiwen Hu, Fangzhi Huang","doi":"10.3390/coatings15070786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15070786","url":null,"abstract":"To address the challenges of cotton cellulose materials being susceptible to environmental humidity and pollutant erosion, a strategy for constructing superhydrophobic functional coatings with biomimetic micro–nano composite structures was proposed. Through surface silanization modification, diatomite (DEM) and Fe3O4 nanoparticles were functionalized with octyltriethoxysilane (OTS) to prepare superhydrophobic diatomite flakes (ODEM) and OFe3O4 nanoparticles. Following the multi-scale composite principle, ODEM and OFe3O4 nanoparticles were blended and crosslinked via the hydroxyl-initiated ring-opening polymerization of epoxy resin (EP), resulting in an EP/ODEM@OFe3O4 composite coating with hierarchical roughness. Microstructural characterization revealed that the micrometer-scale porous structure of ODEM and the nanoscale protrusions of OFe3O4 form a hierarchical micro–nano topography. The special topography combined with the low surface energy property leads to a contact angle of 158°. Additionally, the narrow bandgap semiconductor characteristic of OFe3O4 induces the localized surface plasmon resonance effect. This enables the coating to attain 80% light absorption across the 350–2500 nm spectrum, and rapidly heat to 45.8 °C within 60 s under 0.5 sun, thereby demonstrating excellent deicing performance. This work provides a theoretical foundation for developing environmentally tolerant superhydrophobic photothermal coatings, which exhibit significant application potential in the field of anti-icing and anti-fouling.","PeriodicalId":10520,"journal":{"name":"Coatings","volume":"15 7","pages":"786-786"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6412/15/7/786/pdf?version=1751607512","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147331125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Production of Self-Supporting Hollow Carbon Nanofiber Membranes with Co/Co2P Heterojunctions via Continuous Coaxial Co-Spinning for Efficient Overall Water Splitting","authors":"Ruidan Duan, J. Ding, Jiawei Fan, Linzhou Zhuang","doi":"10.3390/coatings15070772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15070772","url":null,"abstract":"To address mass transport limitations in carbon nanofiber membrane electrodes for overall water splitting, a self-supporting nitrogen-doped hollow carbon nanofiber membrane embedded with Co/Co2P heterojunctions (Co/Co2P-NCNFs-H) was fabricated via continuous coaxial electrospinning. The architecture features uniform hollow channels (200–250 nm diameter, 30–50 nm wall thickness) and a high specific surface area (254 m2 g−1), as confirmed by SEM, TEM, and BET analysis. The Co/Co2P heterojunction was uniformly dispersed on nitrogen-doped hollow carbon nanofibers through electrospinning, leverages interfacial electronic synergy to accelerate charge transfer and optimize the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Electrochemical tests demonstrated exceptional catalytic activity, achieving current densities of 100 mA cm−2 at ultralow overpotentials of 405.6 mV (OER) and 247.9 mV (HER) in 1.0 M KOH—surpassing most reported transition metal catalysts for both half-reactions. Moreover, the electrode exhibited robust long-term stability, maintaining performance for nearly 20 h at 0.6 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) (OER) and over 250 h at −1.5 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) (HER), attributed to the mechanical integrity of the hollow architecture and strong metal–carbon interactions. This work demonstrates that integrating hollow nanostructures (enhanced mass transport) and heterojunction engineering (optimized electronic configurations) creates a scalable strategy for designing efficient bifunctional catalysts, offering significant promise for sustainable hydrogen production via water electrolysis.","PeriodicalId":10520,"journal":{"name":"Coatings","volume":"15 7","pages":"772-772"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6412/15/7/772/pdf?version=1751271471","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147887391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lightweight and High-Performance Electromagnetic Wave Absorbers Based on Hollow Glass Microspheres and Carbon-Supported Ni-Co Composites","authors":"Qian Sun, Li Song, Longlong Jin, Jingyao Xiao, Tuoya Wulin, Xianbin Hou, Xianhui Zhang","doi":"10.3390/coatings15070775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15070775","url":null,"abstract":"With the continuous advancement of electromagnetic protection technologies, the development of lightweight electromagnetic wave-absorbing materials with excellent absorption performance has become a critical challenge in the field. In this study, commercially available hollow glass microspheres (HGMs) were employed as templates, and Ni2+/Co2+ metal ions were used to catalyze the polymerization of dopamine (PDA), forming HGM@NixCoy/PDA precursors. Subsequent high-temperature pyrolysis yielded lightweight composite absorbing materials, denoted as HGM@NixCoy/C. This material integrates dielectric loss, conductive loss, magnetic loss, and resonance absorption mechanisms, exhibiting outstanding electromagnetic wave absorption properties. The absorption performance can be effectively tuned by adjusting the Ni-to-Co ratio, with the optimal performance observed at an atomic ratio of 2:3. At a filler loading of 20 wt.%, HGM@Ni2Co3/C achieved an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 6.83 GHz (ranging from 10.53 to 17.36 GHz) and a minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of −27.26 dB. These results demonstrate that the synergistic combination of hollow glass bubbles and carbon-based magnetic components not only significantly reduces the material density and required filler content but also enhances overall absorption performance, highlighting its great potential in the development of lightweight and high-efficiency electromagnetic wave absorbers.","PeriodicalId":10520,"journal":{"name":"Coatings","volume":"15 7","pages":"775-775"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6412/15/7/775/pdf?version=1751296800","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147904935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation of Transparent MTMS/BNNS Composite Siloxane Coatings with Anti-Biofouling Properties","authors":"Lu Cao, Zhijun Ding, Qi Chen, Yuefeng Ji, Ying Xiong, Yun Gao, Zhongyan Huo","doi":"10.3390/coatings15070769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15070769","url":null,"abstract":"With the rapid development of marine renewable energy, especially offshore photovoltaic systems, the problem of biofouling of photovoltaic equipment in the marine environment has become increasingly prominent. The attachment of marine organisms such as algae will significantly affect the photoelectric conversion efficiency of photovoltaic panels, thereby reducing the stability and economy of the system. In this study, a composite siloxane coating was designed and prepared. Methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) was used as the organosilicon component. The negative potential of the coating was significantly enhanced by incorporating hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets (h-BNNS). This negative potential and the negative charge on the surface of marine organisms, especially algae, would produce electrostatic repulsion, which can effectively reduce the attachment of organisms. The results show that the prepared coating exhibits excellent performance in anti-biofouling, adhesion, chemical stability, transparency, and self-cleaning properties. The transparency of the coating reached 92.7%. After immersion with Chlorella for 28 days, the coverage percentage on the coating surface was only 0.98%, while the coverage percentage on the blank sample was 23.25%. The corrosion resistance and salt resistance of the coating also ensure its stability in complex marine environments, and it has broad application prospects.","PeriodicalId":10520,"journal":{"name":"Coatings","volume":"15 7","pages":"769-769"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6412/15/7/769/pdf?version=1751179097","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147333951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication of CF–NiO Electrodes and Performance Evaluation of Microbial Fuel Cells in the Treatment of Potato Starch Wastewater","authors":"Tianyi Yang, Song Xue, Liming Jiang, Jiuming Lei, Wenjing Li, Yiwei Han, Zhijie Wang, Jinlong Zuo, Yuyang Wang","doi":"10.3390/coatings15070760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15070760","url":null,"abstract":"Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) generate electricity through the microbial oxidation of organic waste. However, the inherent electrochemical performance of carbon felt (CF) electrodes is relatively poor and requires enhancement. In this study, nickel oxide (NiO) was successfully loaded onto CF to improve its electrode performance, thereby enhancing the electricity generation capacity of MFCs during the degradation of treated wastewater. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy diffusion spectrometer (EDS) analyses confirmed the successful deposition of NiO on the CF surface. The modification enhanced both the conductivity and capacitance of the electrode and increased the number of microbial attachment sites on the carbon fiber filaments. The prepared CF–NiO electrode was employed as the anode in an MFC, and its electrochemical and energy storage performance were evaluated. The maximum power density of the MFC with the CF–NiO anode reached 0.22 W/m2, compared to 0.08 W/m2 for the unmodified CF anode. Under the C1000-D1000 condition, the charge storage capacity and total charge output of the CF–NiO anode were 1290.03 C/m2 and 14,150.03 C/m2, respectively, which are significantly higher than the 452.9 C/m2 and 6742.67 C/m2 observed for the CF anode. These results indicate notable improvements in both power generation and energy storage performance. High-throughput gene sequencing of the anodic biofilm following MFC acclimation revealed that the CF–NiO anode surface hosted a higher proportion of electroactive bacteria. This suggests that the NiO modification enhances the biodegradation of organic matter and improves electricity generation efficiency.","PeriodicalId":10520,"journal":{"name":"Coatings","volume":"15 7","pages":"760-760"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6412/15/7/760/pdf?version=1751014161","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147886472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Craftsmanship and Techniques of a Lacquered Ear Cup from the Ancient Nanyue Kingdom","authors":"Lin Zheng, Li Xia, Zichen Zhao, Shuang’e Tian, Jianling Tang, Shuojiao Li, Xiaocen Li, Na Wang, Tao Yu","doi":"10.3390/coatings15070752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15070752","url":null,"abstract":"This study analyzes a lacquered ear cup excavated from the Luobowan tomb complex in Guigang, Guangxi, attributed to the Nanyue Kingdom of the early Han dynasty. A range of analytical techniques, including optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), pyrolysis–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), were employed to investigate the structural layers, material composition, and preservation state of the artifact. The lacquerware consists of four traditional layers: a wooden core, fabric reinforcement, lacquer ground, and lacquer film, reflecting Central Plains lacquerware techniques. The wooden core was identified as Phoebe sp., and the fabric layer is likely hemp, though fiber degradation limited exact identification. The lacquer ground layer contains natural lacquer mixed with SiO2 from brick or tile powder. The lacquer film is a blend of Chinese and Vietnamese lacquer, with no synthetic additives or plant oils detected. The red lacquer layer contains cinnabar (HgS) as a pigment, while the black lacquer uses carbon black. Differences in moisture content between the red and black lacquer films are attributed to variations in surface porosity and pigment characteristics. This research provides valuable insights into Nanyue lacquer technology and preservation challenges.","PeriodicalId":10520,"journal":{"name":"Coatings","volume":"15 7","pages":"752-752"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6412/15/7/752/pdf?version=1750857337","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147899270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}