CNS Spectrums最新文献

{"title":"Exploring the relationship among hikikomori tendencies, autistic traits, computer game use and eating disorder symptoms.","authors":"Barbara Carpita, Benedetta Nardi, Federico Giovannoni, Francesca Parri, Gianluca Cerofolini, Chiara Bonelli, Giulia Amatori, Gabriele Massimetti, Ivan Mirko Cremone, Stefano Pini, Enza Pellecchia, Liliana Dell'Osso","doi":"10.1017/S1092852924002335","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1092852924002335","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The hikikomori phenomenon has recently gained growing global interest, and evidences of its association with other psychopathological dimensions are slowly but steadily emerging. We aimed to evaluate the presence and correlates of hikikomori tendencies in an Italian University population, focusing on its relationships with autism spectrum, pathological computer gaming, and eating disorders. In particular, to our knowledge, no study has yet systematically evaluated the latter association, using psychometric instruments tailored to assess eating disorder symptoms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>2574 students were recruited via an online survey. All participants were assessed with the Hikikomori Questionnaire-25 (HQ-25), the Adult Autism Subthreshold Spectrum Questionnaire (AdAS Spectrum), the Eating Attitude test-26 (EAT-26), and the Assessment of Internet and Computer Game Addiction (AICA-S).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results outlined how hikikomori risk was significantly correlated to autistic dimensions, altered eating behaviors, and videogame addiction. The closest relationship was detected with the autism spectrum. Interestingly, pathological computer gaming, most autistic dimensions, and EAT-26 oral control emerged as significant predictors of a greater risk for hikikomori, while the proneness to inflexibility and adherence to routine emerged as negative predictors.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings support the association among hikikomori, autism spectrum, pathological computer game use, and eating disorder symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":10505,"journal":{"name":"CNS Spectrums","volume":" ","pages":"670-681"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142892248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The mediational role of cognitive function on occupational outcomes in persons with major depressive and bipolar disorder].","authors":"Jocelyn K Tamura, Dorottya Harangi, Nelson B Rodrigues, Rodrigo B Mansur, Mehala Subramaniapillai, Danica E Johnson, Joshua D Rosenblat, Yena Lee, Joshua D Di Vincenzo, Roger Ho, Ronesh Sukhdeo, Bing Cao, Leanna Lui, Felicia Ceban, Roger S McIntyre","doi":"10.1017/S1092852924002293","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1092852924002293","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Improving functioning in adults with major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) is a priority therapeutic objective.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective post hoc secondary analysis evaluated 108 patients with MDD or BD receiving the antidepressants vortioxetine, ketamine, or infliximab. The analysis aimed to determine if changes in objective or subjective cognitive function mediated the relationship between depression symptom severity and workplace outcomes. Cognitive function was measured by the Perceived Deficits Questionnaire (PDQ-5), the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), and the Trail Making Test Part B (TMT-B). Depression symptom severity was measured by the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). Workplace function was measured by the Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS) work-school item.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>When co-varying for BMI, age, and sex, the association between MADRS and SDS work scores was partially mediated by PDQ-5 total scores and DSST total scores, but not DSST error scores and TMT-B time.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>This study was insufficiently powered to perform sub-group analyses to identify distinctions between MDD and BD populations as well as between antidepressant agents.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that cognitive impairment in adults with MDD and BD is a critical mediator of workplace function and reinforces its importance as a therapeutic target.</p>","PeriodicalId":10505,"journal":{"name":"CNS Spectrums","volume":" ","pages":"697-704"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142945881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The revival of psilocybin between scientific excitement, evidence of efficacy, and real-world challenges.","authors":"Mauro Scala, Chiara Fabbri, Paolo Fusar-Poli, Giorgio Di Lorenzo, Maria Ferrara, Andrea Amerio, Laura Fusar-Poli, Anna Pichiecchio, Carlo Asteggiano, Marco Menchetti, Diana De Ronchi, Giuseppe Fanelli, Alessandro Serretti","doi":"10.1017/S1092852924002268","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1092852924002268","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The revival of psilocybin in psychopharmacological research heralds a potential paradigm shift for treating mood and anxiety disorders, and other psychiatric conditions beyond the psychotic spectrum. This critical review evaluates current evidence on psilocybin's efficacy, juxtaposing potential benefits with the practical aspects of psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy (PAP) and the methodological constraints of existing research.An electronic literature search was conducted using PubMed/MEDLINE, selecting studies published up to December 2023 that explored the clinical use of psilocybin in mood and anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and substance use disorder. Despite promising preliminary results suggesting psilocybin's efficacy in alleviating depression and anxiety, as well as obsessions, compulsions, and addictive behaviors, significant evidence gaps persist. These include evaluating the efficacy of psilocybin compared to standard antidepressants or anxiolytic molecules and identifying patient subpopulations that might benefit most from PAP. Concerns about psilocybin's safety, long-term efficacy, and optimal dosage remain unclear due to previous trials' limitations. Real-world implementation faces challenges, including infrastructural requirements, personnel training, and unresolved legal and ethical issues. This paper argues for further research to substantiate the evidence base, emphasizing the need for larger studies that overcome current methodological limitations and explore psilocybin's full therapeutic potential. While psilocybin holds promise for psychiatry, its successful translation from research to clinical practice demands more robust evidence on efficacy, safety, and methodological rigor. In addition, other factors, such as cultural stigma and legal/ethical issues, need to be successfully addressed to facilitate psilocybin's implementation in healthcare systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":10505,"journal":{"name":"CNS Spectrums","volume":" ","pages":"570-584"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142799435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rumination and altered reactivity to sensory input as vulnerability factors for developing post-traumatic stress symptoms among adults with autistic traits - CORRIGENDUM.","authors":"Liliana Dell'Osso, Giulia Amatori, Federico Giovannoni, Enrico Massimetti, Ivan Mirko Cremone, Barbara Carpita","doi":"10.1017/S1092852924000221","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1092852924000221","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10505,"journal":{"name":"CNS Spectrums","volume":" ","pages":"705"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142638630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psilocybin and hallucinogenic mushrooms.","authors":"Mathieu Fradet, Carlton M Kelly, Anna J Donnelly, Trisha Suppes","doi":"10.1017/S1092852924002487","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1092852924002487","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Psilocybin therapy has recently emerged as a promising new treatment for depression and other mental health disorders. This chapter summarizes the most recent data on its safety and efficacy. The delivery of psilocybin therapy and its subjective effects are also presented. Furthermore, this chapter outlines our current understanding of psilocybin's pharmacology and neurobiological effects. Other similar psychedelic substances with encouraging therapeutic potential are briefly presented.</p>","PeriodicalId":10505,"journal":{"name":"CNS Spectrums","volume":" ","pages":"611-632"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142945883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advance directives in patients with schizophrenia.","authors":"Jacob M Appel","doi":"10.1017/S1092852924002207","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1092852924002207","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Balancing autonomy and beneficence remains an ongoing challenge in the ethical treatment of patients with schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders of thought. Psychiatric advance directives (PADs) offer one mechanism through which individuals can guide their own care, but unlike medical advance directives, they are not widely utilized in the United States. They are also highly limited by state law in the scope of their legal authority. This article explores the evidentiary basis for PADs as well as the legal and ethical issues that arise in the use of PADs in individuals with schizophrenia, arguing that providers' fears of complete opt-out from care by patients are likely unfounded and that PADs offer a powerful tool through which individuals with schizophrenia can ensure meaningful consideration of their own values and goals.</p>","PeriodicalId":10505,"journal":{"name":"CNS Spectrums","volume":" ","pages":"e3"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142726574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic review on the efficacy of GLP-1 receptor agonists in mitigating psychotropic drug-related weight gain.","authors":"Trisha Menon, Serene Lee, Xuan Yi Gong, Sabrina Wong, Gia Han Le, Angela T H Kwan, Kayla M Teopiz, Roger Ho, Bing Cao, Taeho Greg Rhee, Yang Jing Zheng, Kyle Valentino, Kangguang Lin, Maj Vinberg, Heidi K Y Lo, Roger S McIntyre","doi":"10.1017/S1092852924000531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1092852924000531","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Many psychotropic drugs are highly associated with related weight gain. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are established anti-obesity and glucose-lowering agents. Preliminary evidence also indicates they are fit for purpose in mitigating psychotropic drug-related weight gain (PDWG). This systematic review aims to synthesize the extant evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effects of GLP-1RAs on weight change in persons experiencing PDWG.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Online databases (ie, PubMed, OVID Medline, Google Scholar) were searched to identify relevant studies from inception to January 1, 2024. Articles were screened by title, abstract, and full-text by three independent reviewers against inclusion and exclusion criteria.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified six studies with participants aged ≥18 (n=374) that were eligible for inclusion in our systematic review. Most studies reported a significant and clinically meaningful effect of GLP-1RAs on anthropometrics and/or metabolics. All RCTs replicated the finding of modest or greater effects of GLP-1RAs; the most studied agents were liraglutide and exenatide. There was insufficient literature to conduct a meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Evidence suggests that GLP-1RAs are effective in mitigating weight gain in persons prescribed psychiatric medication. It is hypothesized that GLP-1RAs may moderate weight change in persons prescribed psychiatric medication through direct effects on metabolism and cognitive processes implicated in hunger/satiety. Future studies should aim to explore the long-term safety, tolerability, and efficacy profiles of various GLP-1RAs in the treatment and prevention of abnormal weight and metabolic homeostasis in psychiatric populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":10505,"journal":{"name":"CNS Spectrums","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142709439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparison between community and treatment-seeking samples of hoarding disorder.","authors":"Bárbara Perdigão Stumpf, Fábio Lopes Rocha, Leonardo F Fontenelle, Izabela Guimarães Barbosa","doi":"10.1017/S1092852924000361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1092852924000361","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Hoarding disorder studies are primarily based on persons who seek treatment and demonstrate good insight. The aim of the present study is to evaluate whether there are differences between community and treatment-seeking samples of individuals with hoarding disorder (HD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fourteen people with HD from the community and twenty treatment-seeking people with HD were assessed by a battery of instruments to evaluate HD features and other associated characteristics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to the treatment-seeking sample, the HD community sample was older, had poorer insight, and had a lower prevalence of comorbid obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). There were no differences in gender, education, presence of psychiatric comorbidities, quality of life, and hoarding behavior characteristics between the samples. The final logistic regression model with the Dimensional Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (DOCS) as the single predictor of treatment-seeking status was statistically significant, indicating that it was able to distinguish between the two samples. The model explained between 20.7% and 27.9% of the variance of subjects, and correctly classified 67.6% of cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results indicate that there appear to be few differences between the treatment-seeking and community samples of individuals with HD. The presence of comorbid OCD in treatment-seeking groups seems to be more frequent than in HD community samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":10505,"journal":{"name":"CNS Spectrums","volume":" ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142685998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of multiple sclerosis with psychiatric disorders and homelessness among veterans in the United States Department of Veterans Affairs healthcare system.","authors":"Stephanie L Silveira, Hind Beydoun, Jack Tsai","doi":"10.1017/S1092852924002165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1092852924002165","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe and compare the prevalence of psychosocial and psychiatric disorders among veterans with multiple sclerosis (MS) and a propensity-score-matched group of veterans without MS, and to identify sociodemographic and clinical characteristics associated with comorbid psychosocial and psychiatric problems among veterans with MS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were linked and extracted from the Veterans Affairs (VA) Homeless Operations Management and Evaluation System and the Corporate Data Warehouse. The total sample comprised 27,342 veterans in the VA healthcare system between January 1, 2022, and June 30, 2023, who met eligibility criteria for an MS diagnosis (n=13,671) and 1:1 propensity-score-matched sample of veterans who did not have MS (n=13,671). MS diagnosis, substance use disorder (SUD), mental illness, and homelessness were defined using standard ICD-10 codes. Covariates included sex, age, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), and VA service-connected disability rating.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A higher prevalence of mental illness among veterans with MS (33%) was found compared with those without MS (31%). Multivariable logistic regression models indicated MS was negatively associated with diagnoses of alcohol use disorder, stimulant use disorders, posttraumatic stress disorder, and schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder but positively associated with diagnoses of cannabis use disorder and major depressive disorder. MS was not significantly related to homelessness. Disparities in psychosocial and psychiatric disorders among veterans with MS are described.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides novel insights regarding rates of homelessness, SUD, and mental illnesses among veterans with MS. Interdisciplinary approaches to identification and management of mental illness, SUD, and homelessness among veterans with MS are critically needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":10505,"journal":{"name":"CNS Spectrums","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142686109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The historical opposition to psychedelic research and implications for credibility in psychiatry.","authors":"Elena Koning, Elvina M Chu, Elisa Brietzke","doi":"10.1017/S1092852924002141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1092852924002141","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Psychedelics are a group of psychoactive substances that alter consciousness and produce marked shifts in sensory perception, cognition, and mood. Although psychedelics have been used by indigenous communities for centuries, they have only recently been investigated as an adjunctive therapeutic tool in psychotherapy. Since the early twentieth century, psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy has been explored for the treatment of several neuropsychiatric conditions characterized by rigid thought patterns and treatment resistance. However, this rapidly emerging field of neuroscience has evolved alongside opposition in several areas, including the affiliation with mid-twentieth century counterculture movements, media sensationalization, legislative restriction, and scientific criticisms such as \"breaking the blind\" and \"excessive enthusiasm.\" This perspective article explores the historical opposition to psychedelic research and the implications for the credibility of the field. In the midst of psychedelic drug policy reform, drawing lessons from historical events will contribute to clinical research efforts in psychiatry.</p>","PeriodicalId":10505,"journal":{"name":"CNS Spectrums","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142681084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}