CNS SpectrumsPub Date : 2023-12-01Epub Date: 2023-03-16DOI: 10.1017/S1092852923001177
Ibrahim H Aslan, Jon E Grant, Samuel R Chamberlain
{"title":"Cognition in adults with borderline personality disorder.","authors":"Ibrahim H Aslan, Jon E Grant, Samuel R Chamberlain","doi":"10.1017/S1092852923001177","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1092852923001177","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a common and disabling mental health disorder and has detrimental effects on affected individuals across multiple domains. We aimed to investigate whether individuals with BPD differ from control subjects in terms of cognitive functions, and to see if there is a relationship between cognitive functions, impulsivity, and BPD symptom severity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>BPD individuals (n = 26; mean age = 26.7; 69.2% female) and controls (n = 58; mean age = 25.3; 51.7% female) were enrolled. Intra/Extra-Dimensional Set Shift (IED) and One Touch Stockings of Cambridge (OTS) tasks from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) were used to assess cognitive functions. Barratt Impulsivity Scale-version 11 (BIS-11) was administered to measure impulsivity and both the Zanarini Scale for Borderline Personality Disorder self-report and the clinician-administered versions were used to assess BPD symptom severity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>BPD group showed significantly impaired cognitive performance on the IED task versus controls, but there was not a significant difference in the OTS task. BPD symptom severity was positively correlated with trait (BIS-11) impulsivity and no correlation was found between BPD symptom severity and cognitive functions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study suggests people with BPD experience impaired cognitive flexibility and heightened impulsivity. Only impulsivity appeared to be directly related to symptom severity, perhaps indicating that cognitive inflexibility could be a vulnerability marker. Future research should focus on a longitudinal approach to extend clinical and theoretical knowledge in this area.</p>","PeriodicalId":10505,"journal":{"name":"CNS Spectrums","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9492008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
CNS SpectrumsPub Date : 2023-12-01Epub Date: 2023-02-14DOI: 10.1017/S1092852923000056
Miguel Meira E Cruz
{"title":"The Price of Love: how sleep, and dysregulated clocks may account for its obsessive-compulsive related behaviors?","authors":"Miguel Meira E Cruz","doi":"10.1017/S1092852923000056","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1092852923000056","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10505,"journal":{"name":"CNS Spectrums","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10709959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
CNS SpectrumsPub Date : 2023-12-01Epub Date: 2023-05-23DOI: 10.1017/S109285292300233X
M Ishrat Husain, Jane A Foster, Brittany L Mason, Sheng Chen, Haoyu Zhao, Wei Wang, Susan Rotzinger, Sakina Rizvi, Keith Ho, Raymond Lam, Glenda MacQueen, Roumen Milev, Benicio N Frey, Daniel Müller, Gustavo Turecki, Manish Jha, Madhukar Trivedi, Sidney H Kennedy
{"title":"Pro-inflammatory markers are associated with response to sequential pharmacotherapy in major depressive disorder: a CAN-BIND-1 report.","authors":"M Ishrat Husain, Jane A Foster, Brittany L Mason, Sheng Chen, Haoyu Zhao, Wei Wang, Susan Rotzinger, Sakina Rizvi, Keith Ho, Raymond Lam, Glenda MacQueen, Roumen Milev, Benicio N Frey, Daniel Müller, Gustavo Turecki, Manish Jha, Madhukar Trivedi, Sidney H Kennedy","doi":"10.1017/S109285292300233X","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S109285292300233X","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>There is limited literature on associations between inflammatory tone and response to sequential pharmacotherapies in major depressive disorder (MDD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a 16-week open-label clinical trial, 211 participants with MDD were treated with escitalopram 10-20 mg daily for 8 weeks. Responders continued escitalopram while non-responders received adjunctive aripiprazole 2-10 mg daily for 8 weeks. Plasma levels of pro-inflammatory markers-C-reactive protein, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-17, interferon-gamma (IFN)-Γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and Chemokine C-C motif ligand-2 (CCL-2)-measured at baseline, and after 2, 8 and 16 weeks were included in logistic regression analyzes to assess associations between inflammatory markers and treatment response.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Pre-treatment IFN-Γ and CCL-2 levels were significantly associated with a lower of odds of response to escitalopram at 8 weeks. Increases in CCL-2 levels from weeks 8 to 16 in escitalopram non-responders were significantly associated with higher odds of non-response to adjunctive aripiprazole at week 16.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Higher pre-treatment levels of IFN-Γ and CCL-2 were associated with non-response to escitalopram. Increasing levels of these pro-inflammatory markers may be associated with non-response to adjunctive aripiprazole. These findings require validation in independent clinical populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":10505,"journal":{"name":"CNS Spectrums","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9648374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
CNS SpectrumsPub Date : 2023-12-01Epub Date: 2023-05-15DOI: 10.1017/S1092852923002328
Sujita K Kar, Saalya Chak
{"title":"Borderline personality disorder and cognition: unraveling the enigma one piece at a time!","authors":"Sujita K Kar, Saalya Chak","doi":"10.1017/S1092852923002328","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1092852923002328","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10505,"journal":{"name":"CNS Spectrums","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9589078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
CNS SpectrumsPub Date : 2023-12-01Epub Date: 2023-04-18DOI: 10.1017/S1092852923002249
Michael C Christensen, Roger S McIntyre, Michael Adair, Ioana Florea, Henrik Loft, Andrea Fagiolini
{"title":"Clinical benefits of vortioxetine 20 mg/day in patients with major depressive disorder.","authors":"Michael C Christensen, Roger S McIntyre, Michael Adair, Ioana Florea, Henrik Loft, Andrea Fagiolini","doi":"10.1017/S1092852923002249","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1092852923002249","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Vortioxetine has demonstrated dose-dependent efficacy in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), with the greatest effect observed with vortioxetine 20 mg/day. This analysis further explored the clinical relevance of the more rapid and greater improvement in depressive symptoms observed with vortioxetine 20 mg/day vs 10 mg/day.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Analysis of pooled data from six short-term (8-week), randomized, placebo-controlled, fixed-dose studies of vortioxetine 20 mg/day in patients with MDD (<i>N</i> = 2620). Symptomatic response (≥50% decrease in Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale [MADRS] total score), sustained symptomatic response, and remission (MADRS total score ≤10) were assessed by vortioxetine dosage (20 or 10 mg/day).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After 8 weeks, 51.4% of patients receiving vortioxetine 20 mg/day had achieved symptomatic response vs 46.0% of those receiving vortioxetine 10 mg/day (<i>P</i> < .05). Significantly more patients achieved symptomatic response vs placebo from week 2 onwards for vortioxetine 20 mg/day and from week 6 onwards for vortioxetine 10 mg/day (both <i>P</i> ≤ .05). Sustained response was achieved from week 4 for 26.0% of patients receiving vortioxetine 20 mg/day vs 19.1% of those receiving vortioxetine 10 mg/day (<i>P <</i> .01), increasing to 36.0% and 29.8%, respectively, over the 8-week treatment period (<i>P <</i> .05). At week 8, 32.0% of patients receiving vortioxetine 20 mg/day were in remission vs 28.2% of those receiving vortioxetine 10 mg/day (<i>P</i> = .09). Rates of adverse events and treatment withdrawal were not increased during the week following vortioxetine dose up-titration to 20 mg/day.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Vortioxetine 20 mg/day provides more rapid and more sustained symptomatic response than vortioxetine 10 mg/day in patients with MDD, without compromising tolerability.</p>","PeriodicalId":10505,"journal":{"name":"CNS Spectrums","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9528380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
CNS SpectrumsPub Date : 2023-12-01Epub Date: 2023-05-03DOI: 10.1017/S1092852923002262
Alexander Seiser, Reinhard Eher, Daniel Turner, Martin Rettenberger
{"title":"The prevalence of mental disorders among incarcerated adult men convicted of child sexual exploitation material offences.","authors":"Alexander Seiser, Reinhard Eher, Daniel Turner, Martin Rettenberger","doi":"10.1017/S1092852923002262","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1092852923002262","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Despite the growing body of research on individuals convicted of child sexual exploitation material (CSEM), relatively little is known about the prevalence of mental disorders in this population. The aim of the present study was to describe the prevalence of mental disorders among individuals convicted of CSEM offenses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study examined data from 66 individuals serving a sentence for CSEM offenses in the Austrian prison system who underwent a clinical assessment between 2002 and 2020. Diagnoses were based on the German version of the Structured Clinical Interview for Axis I and Axis II disorders.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the total sample, n = 53 individuals (80.3%) were diagnosed with a mental disorder. Twenty-seven individuals (40.9%) had an Axis I disorder and n = 47 (71.2%) had an Axis II disorder. More than two-thirds of the sample, n = 47 (71.2%), had a personality disorder diagnosis, with cluster B personality disorders being the most frequent mental disorders. More than half of the sample, n = 43 (65.2%), had a diagnosis of pedophilic disorder, of which n = 9 (13.6%) were of the exclusive type. Twenty-eight persons (42.4%) showed evidence of a hypersexual disorder.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In line with previous research, the present sample of convicted CSEM offenders showed a comparatively high prevalence of personality disorders and paraphilic disorders, particularly pedophilic disorders. Additionally, the rate of hypersexual disorder symptoms was considerably high. These findings should be considered for the development of successful risk management strategies for this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":10505,"journal":{"name":"CNS Spectrums","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9914897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
CNS SpectrumsPub Date : 2023-12-01Epub Date: 2023-07-10DOI: 10.1017/S1092852923002341
Sujita Kumar Kar, Shivangini Singh
{"title":"Anomic suicides on rise during recently emerging crises: revisiting Durkheim's model.","authors":"Sujita Kumar Kar, Shivangini Singh","doi":"10.1017/S1092852923002341","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1092852923002341","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Suicide is a global public health issue, with behavior differing across genders, age groups, places, and sociopolitical settings. Emile Durkheim characterized anomic suicide as occurring when social standards fail, resulting in purposelessness and directionlessness. Young people who are experiencing social issues are in danger, even if they do not voice suicidal ideas. Prevention interventions should target these people by strengthening resilience, minimizing social dysregulation stress, and fostering the development of life skills, coping resources, and social support. Anomic suicide has important psychological and societal implications, emphasizing the importance of fostering social cohesion and assisting persons experiencing purposelessness or a lack of direction in life.</p>","PeriodicalId":10505,"journal":{"name":"CNS Spectrums","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10214549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
CNS SpectrumsPub Date : 2023-12-01Epub Date: 2023-03-16DOI: 10.1017/S1092852923001189
Eva-Maria Tsapakis, Calypso A Mitkani, Konstantinos N Fountoulakis
{"title":"Neurological soft signs and schizophrenia.","authors":"Eva-Maria Tsapakis, Calypso A Mitkani, Konstantinos N Fountoulakis","doi":"10.1017/S1092852923001189","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1092852923001189","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neurological soft signs (NSS) are likely to represent abnormal neurodevelopment and aberration in neural maturation and connectivity. They may not be unique to schizophrenia, but they appear to be a trait characteristic in psychosis and therefore could serve as an objective measure for the assessment of serious psychiatric disorder in the prodromal phase, at onset, and along the course of the disease. Evidence so far proposes that NSS are independent of antipsychotic treatment and therefore constitute a trait symptom, independent of the illness stage and medication. Somatomotor and somatosensory regions, spatial orientation, and visual processing areas, cerebellum, and basal ganglia are implicated as possible structural substrates of NSS. Several studies have examined the relationship between NSS and schizophrenia positive, negative symptoms and deficit syndrome; however, results have been so far ambiguous. Neurocognitive symptoms have been moderately related to NSS suggesting that neurocognitive deficits may contribute to the construct of NSS. Regardless of the fact that NSS are not unique to schizophrenia but extend across to the schizotypy continuum, they may help identify individuals at risk of developing schizophrenia later in life.</p>","PeriodicalId":10505,"journal":{"name":"CNS Spectrums","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9492009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
CNS SpectrumsPub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.1017/S1092852923006363
Miguel Meira e Cruz, Mayank Gupta, Nihit Gupta, Miguel Meira, Cruz Donatella Marazziti, Sujita K. Kar, Saalya Chak, Sujita K. Kar, Shivangini Singh, Eva-Maria Tsapakis, Calypso A. Mitkani, Konstantinos N. Fountoulakis, Roger S. McIntyre, Walter Greenleaf, Grzegorz Bulaj, Steven T. Taylor, Georgia Mitsi, Dylan Saliu, Andy Czysz, Greg Silvesti, Manny Garcia, Rakesh Jain, Ibrahim H. Aslan, Jon E. Grant, Samuel R. Chamberlain, M. Tocco, John W. Newcomer, Yongcai Mao, A. Pikalov, Michael C. Christensen, Michael Adair, Ioana Florea, Henrik Loft, Andrea Fagiolini, Wei Yan, Duanlu Hou, Zhixin Li, Weijun Tang, Xiang Han, Yuping Tang, Brett D. M. Jones, Urbee Mahmood, J. Hodsoll, I. Chaudhry, A. Khoso, M. O. Husain, Abigail Ortiz, Nusrat Husain, Benoit H. Mulsant, Allan H. Young, M. I. Husain, Alexander Seiser, R. Eher, Daniel Turner, M. Rettenberger, F. Cruz-Sanabria, M. Violi, A. Bazzani, Simone Bruno, L. Massoni, C. Bertelloni, V. Dell’Oste, Paolo Frumento, U. Faraguna, L. Dell’Osso, C. Carmassi, M. I. Husain, Jan
{"title":"CNS volume 28 issue 6 Cover and Front matter","authors":"Miguel Meira e Cruz, Mayank Gupta, Nihit Gupta, Miguel Meira, Cruz Donatella Marazziti, Sujita K. Kar, Saalya Chak, Sujita K. Kar, Shivangini Singh, Eva-Maria Tsapakis, Calypso A. Mitkani, Konstantinos N. Fountoulakis, Roger S. McIntyre, Walter Greenleaf, Grzegorz Bulaj, Steven T. Taylor, Georgia Mitsi, Dylan Saliu, Andy Czysz, Greg Silvesti, Manny Garcia, Rakesh Jain, Ibrahim H. Aslan, Jon E. Grant, Samuel R. Chamberlain, M. Tocco, John W. Newcomer, Yongcai Mao, A. Pikalov, Michael C. Christensen, Michael Adair, Ioana Florea, Henrik Loft, Andrea Fagiolini, Wei Yan, Duanlu Hou, Zhixin Li, Weijun Tang, Xiang Han, Yuping Tang, Brett D. M. Jones, Urbee Mahmood, J. Hodsoll, I. Chaudhry, A. Khoso, M. O. Husain, Abigail Ortiz, Nusrat Husain, Benoit H. Mulsant, Allan H. Young, M. I. Husain, Alexander Seiser, R. Eher, Daniel Turner, M. Rettenberger, F. Cruz-Sanabria, M. Violi, A. Bazzani, Simone Bruno, L. Massoni, C. Bertelloni, V. Dell’Oste, Paolo Frumento, U. Faraguna, L. Dell’Osso, C. Carmassi, M. I. Husain, Jan","doi":"10.1017/S1092852923006363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1092852923006363","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10505,"journal":{"name":"CNS Spectrums","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138611243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reduced left hippocampal perfusion is associated with insomnia in patients with cerebral small vessel disease.","authors":"Wei Yan, Duanlu Hou, Zhixin Li, Weijun Tang, Xiang Han, Yuping Tang","doi":"10.1017/S1092852923002250","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1092852923002250","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Insomnia was associated with cerebral structural changes and Alzheimer's disease. However, associations among cerebral perfusion, insomnia with cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), and cognitive performance were little investigated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included 89 patients with CSVDs and white matter hyperintensities (WMHs). They were dichotomized into the normal sleep and poor sleep group, according to Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI). Baseline characteristics, cognitive performance, and cerebral blood flow (CBF) were measured and compared between the two groups. The association or correlation between cerebral perfusion, cognition, and insomnia was analyzed using binary logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our study found that declined MoCA score (<i>P</i> = .0317) was more prevalent in those with poor sleep. There was a statistical difference in the recall (<i>P</i> = .0342) of MMSE, the delayed recall (<i>P</i> = .0289) of MoCA between the two groups. Logistic regression analysis showed educational background (<i>P</i> < .001) and insomnia severity index (ISI) score (<i>P</i> = .039) were independently correlated with MoCA scores. Arterial spin labeling demonstrated that left hippocampal gray matter perfusion was significantly reduced (<i>P</i> = .0384) in the group with poor sleep. And, negative correlation was found between left hippocampal perfusion and PSQI scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In the patients with CSVDs, insomnia severity was associated with cognitive decline. Left hippocampal gray matter perfusion was correlated with PSQI scores in CSVDs.</p>","PeriodicalId":10505,"journal":{"name":"CNS Spectrums","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9477037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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