Sustainable Energy & Fuels最新文献

{"title":"Techno-economic and uncertainty analysis of an integrated solar–hydrogen energy system for institutional decarbonization in Bangladesh","authors":"Mohammad Sohel, Yasir Arafat and Md. Zahid Hasan","doi":"10.1039/D6SE00105J","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D6SE00105J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >This study presents a comprehensive techno-economic and environmental assessment of an integrated solar-powered green hydrogen system designed to decarbonize energy use at a large private university campus in Bangladesh. The research addresses the growing need for sustainable institutional energy solutions in developing South Asian regions, where rising electricity demand and diesel dependency contribute significantly to greenhouse gas emissions. To bridge this gap, the study proposes a 6.25 MWp photovoltaic array coupled with a 5 MW proton exchange membrane electrolyzer, targeting simultaneous fulfillment of on-site electricity demand (1015 MWh per year) and transport fuel substitution (504 000 L diesel per year). A novel unified dual-vector institutional architecture is introduced, integrating electricity and hydrogen systems using a seasonal demand superposition approach to optimize system design within a 1–10 MW capacity range. Methodologically, the study advances system sizing accuracy through the introduction of a solar window capacity factor (95.3%), which corrects a 4.80× underestimation inherent in the conventional annual capacity factor (19.9%). A tropical grid-specific energy management system model, developed using 13 months of institutional operational data, demonstrates 98.5% autonomous reliability and achieves 42% energy cost savings during off-peak periods. Economic feasibility is evaluated using a co-product revenue-based levelized cost of hydrogen framework, incorporating dual weighted average cost of capital scenarios and Monte Carlo simulations (10 000 iterations across 12 variables). The results highlight concessional financing as a key enabler: the levelized cost decreases from $5.50 ± 0.70/kg at 8% WACC (with a net present value of −$7.23 million) to $3.09 ± 0.52/kg at 4% WACC (NPV −$0.23 million), significantly improving viability. An ISO-compliant lifecycle assessment reveals total emissions of 12 089 tCO<small>₂</small>e, with a carbon payback period of 8.17 years within a 20-year project lifespan and a net lifecycle reduction of 17 520 tCO<small>₂</small>e, corresponding to 59.2% emission reduction efficiency. The proposed methodologies offer a flexible and scalable framework for institutional adoption of green hydrogen systems, contributing both to decarbonization goals and to the broader transition toward sustainable energy systems in developing economies.</p>","PeriodicalId":104,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy & Fuels","volume":" 12","pages":" 2949-2968"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148261602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrocatalytic characteristics of quinoxaline hydrogenation/tetrahydroquinoxaline dehydrogenation of CoMoO4/NF as a bifunctional catalyst in flow batteries","authors":"Xin Zheng, Shaowen Tan, Yajie Zhang, Fangcheng Qiu, Hanyu Li, Xue Han and Shengping Wang","doi":"10.1039/D6SE00294C","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D6SE00294C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Quinoxaline (QXL) is highly promising as a negative electrode material of flow batteries due to its high theoretical capacity and low redox potential. However, its practical application is hindered by sluggish hydrogenation/dehydrogenation kinetics and susceptibility to side reactions such as the hydrogen evolution reaction. To address this issue, a bimetallic CoMoO<small>₄</small> catalyst was constructed on nickel foam (NF) <em>via</em> an electrodeposition method (CoMoO<small>₄</small>/NF). The synergistic effect between Co and Mo enables efficient and reversible conversion of the QXL/tetrahydroquinoxaline (THQXL) redox. CoMoO<small>₄</small>/NF possesses a porous structure with uniformly dispersed active sites, resulting in a significantly enhanced electrochemically active surface area. CoMoO<small>₄</small>/NF at −0.30 V (<em>vs.</em> RHE) in half-cell tests achieves a hydrogenation conversion of 99.4% and a selectivity of 97.7%, and at 1.5 V (<em>vs.</em> RHE) attains a dehydrogenation conversion of 99.9% and a selectivity of 99.3%. CoMoO<small>₄</small>/NF in QXL‖K<small>₄</small>[Fe(CN)<small>₆</small>] flow batteries also delivers a discharge capacity of 19.5 mAh and a coulombic efficiency of 24.38% at 2 mA cm<small>⁻²</small> of discharge current density, and exhibits good stability over 10 cycles. The synergistic catalytic mechanism is explained, Co sites primarily drive hydrogenation and dehydrogenation, while Mo sites promote the generation and transfer of hydrogen species. This study provides an effective strategy and experimental basis for the design of highly active and stable electrode materials for nitrogen-containing heteroaromatic flow batteries.</p>","PeriodicalId":104,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy & Fuels","volume":" 11","pages":" 2742-2755"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148141591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Steering deep CO2 reduction to C3+ hydrocarbons on nickel-based catalysts via ligand modification","authors":"Ting Wang, Yuchen Wang, Fuping Pan and Kai-Jie Chen","doi":"10.1039/D6SE00029K","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D6SE00029K","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Electrochemical CO<small>₂</small> reduction is a promising approach to produce synthetic fuels and chemicals. Nickel-based catalysts have been shown to reduce CO<small>₂</small> toward long-chain hydrocarbons, whereas selectivity remains limited due to inefficient C–C coupling. We report a ligand-engineering strategy to modulate the electronic properties of a nickel hydroxide catalyst by surface cysteamine modification (Ni-OH-c) to boost the generation of C<small>₃₊</small> hydrocarbons. Structural and compositional characterization showed that carbon-supported amorphous Ni(OH)<small>₂</small> nanosheets were reconstructed <em>in situ</em> into ultrasmall crystalline Ni(OH)<small>₂</small> nanoparticles. More importantly, surface cysteamine donates an electron to Ni(OH)<small>₂</small>, thus increasing the surface electron density of Ni(OH)<small>₂</small> and creating interfacial Ni<small>^δ+</small>/Ni<small>²⁺</small> sites. Electrochemical measurements showed that, compared with pristine Ni(OH)<small>₂</small>, Ni-OH-c significantly promoted deep CO<small>₂</small> reduction and C–C coupling, presenting a C<small>₃₊</small> hydrocarbons faradaic efficiency of 1.88% and a partial current density of 0.31 mA cm<small>⁻²</small>. We demonstrated stable C<small>₃₊</small> hydrocarbon generation for over 13 h. <em>In situ</em> spectroscopic investigation revealed that cysteamine modification facilitated the adsorption of bridge-bonded *CO, which promoted *CO hydrogenation and enabled facile asymmetric *CO–COH coupling, thereby enabling the preferential generation of C<small>₃₊</small> hydrocarbons. These findings offer an effective platform toward rational design of high-performance Ni-based non-Cu catalysts for selective synthesis of valuable long-chain feedstocks from direct CO<small>₂</small> reduction.</p>","PeriodicalId":104,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy & Fuels","volume":" 10","pages":" 2590-2597"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147967936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrothermal oxidative desulfurization of thiophene to sulfate: the effect of MoOx, WOx and carbon supports","authors":"Cheng Chang, Frédéric Vogel, Oliver Kröcher and David Baudouin","doi":"10.1039/D5SE01500F","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5SE01500F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Among various forms of sulfur, some organosulfur compounds (particularly alkyl thiophenes) in biomass are rather refractory under hydrothermal conditions, posing a threat to the catalysts used in catalytic hydrothermal gasification (cHTG). In petrochemistry, alkyl thiophenes are usually treated by oxidative desulfurization (ODS) under mild conditions and removed in the form of sulfones, generating a sulfur-free product stream. ODS could be used to oxidize organosulfur compounds to sulfate, allowing efficient separation by exploiting the low salt solubility in supercritical water. To assess the viability of ODS in a cHTG process, we explored the effect of temperature and oxidant concentration (O/S ratio) on sulfate production from the ODS of thiophene. More importantly, the impact of Mo- and W-based carbon materials on the conversion of thiophene to sulfate was investigated. Our results showed a sulfate yield below 5% at temperatures ranging from 50 °C to as high as 400 °C in pressurized water. Experiments varying the oxidant-to-sulfur (O/S) ratio revealed that lower ratios (≤12) enhanced both sulfate yield and oxygen selectivity, whereas higher ratios (58 and 116) led to decreased selectivity due to excess oxidant consumption by organic matter. Carbon nanofibers (CNFs) alone increased the sulfate yield threefold (to 2.3%) at 400 °C, an effect attributed to oxygen-containing surface groups. Acid treatment of CNFs further boosted this yield to 7%. A clear correlation between surface functionalities and catalytic activity was established using FTIR and Boehm titration. Among metal oxides, Mo(<small>IV</small>), in the form of MoO<small>₂</small>, was identified as an active phase for oxidative desulfurization (ODS), achieving a sulfate yield of 12%, while MoO<small>₃</small> and WO<small>₃</small> showed no such activity. However, metal oxide loading altered the CNF surface properties, potentially diminishing their promotional effect. These findings provide a basis for further development of MoO<small>₂</small> catalysts supported on surface-modified carbon materials, with the goal of preserving beneficial carbon surface characteristics.</p>","PeriodicalId":104,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy & Fuels","volume":" 10","pages":" 2563-2574"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13130181/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147809007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Boosted hydrogen production via binder-assisted immobilization of hydrogen boride sheets on cathodes","authors":"Masaki Imura, Yuta Yamamoto, Yohei Cho, Akira Yamaguchi, Shin-ichi Ito, Yasuyuki Hikita, Takahiro Kondo and Masahiro Miyauchi","doi":"10.1039/D6SE00145A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D6SE00145A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Hydrogen boride (HB) sheets are attractive solid-state hydrogen carriers because of their safe, lightweight, and light-induced dehydrogenation properties. Previously, electrolytic hydrogen release under cathodic bias was reported for dispersed HB sheets. In this paper, we demonstrate that the immobilization of HB sheets on an electrode enhances their dehydrogenation rates by facilitating direct electron injection from the electrode into the HB sheets. HB sheets were immobilized on a carbon paper electrode using coating solutions containing HB sheets, various polymeric binders, and a solvent. Among various binders, aramid demonstrated excellent adhesion of HB sheets to an electrode and a high hydrogen release rate under cathodic bias. To further enhance the dehydrogenation rate, we have additionally introduced electroconductive graphene into the coating solutions to fix the film of HB sheets/aramid/graphene composites onto carbon electrodes. The optimum weight ratio of HB/aramid/graphene was 1/2/1, yielding a high dehydrogenation rate under cathodic bias. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis revealed a significant decrease in charge transfer resistance upon the addition of graphene. The present immobilized film provides a superior system compared with the conventional dispersed one for hydrogen release.</p>","PeriodicalId":104,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy & Fuels","volume":" 10","pages":" 2478-2485"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2026/se/d6se00145a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147967857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A multiphysics electrochemical–thermal–mechanical model for predicting the lifetime and degradation pathways of hierarchical Co3O4/graphene anodes in sustainable lithium-ion batteries","authors":"Hamza Abu Owida, Suleiman Ibrahim Mohammad, Asokan Vasudevan, Shirin Shomurotova, M. M. Rekha, Anupam Agarwal, Abhayveer Singh, Renu Sharma, Ali Khalef and Amirali Nikpendar","doi":"10.1039/D5SE01494H","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5SE01494H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The sustainable advancement of lithium-ion batteries relies on understanding and mitigating degradation in high-capacity anodes. This study develops a coupled electrochemical–thermal–mechanical model to elucidate the degradation behavior of hierarchical Co<small>₃</small>O<small>₄</small>/graphene anodes. Using COMSOL Multiphysics® software, lithium diffusion, stress evolution, Joule heating, and solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) growth were simultaneously simulated to capture their complex interdependence. Results indicate that repeated cycling generates localized temperature rises of up to 12 °C and mechanical stresses exceeding 100 MPa, which accelerate SEI thickening and interfacial resistance growth. A novel Anode Lifetime Index (ALI) was introduced to quantify cumulative degradation by integrating mechanical and interfacial variables over time. Sensitivity analyses revealed that thinner electrodes (20–40 µm) and optimized Co<small>₃</small>O<small>₄</small>/graphene ratios (0.7–0.8) enhance durability, reducing lifetime degradation by up to 40%. The model accurately reproduces experimental electrochemical trends, validating its predictive capability. This integrated framework provides a powerful tool for designing thermally and mechanically stable oxide-based anodes. By linking fundamental multiphysics mechanisms with macroscopic lifetime prediction, the study contributes to the rational design of durable, safe, and energy-efficient lithium-ion batteries aligned with sustainable energy goals.</p>","PeriodicalId":104,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy & Fuels","volume":" 10","pages":" 2575-2589"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147967858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermocatalytic conversion of fatty acids and their derivatives to aromatics over MoOx/HZSM-5 via tandem deoxygenation–aromatization","authors":"Satyam Dixit, Anil Kumar Jhawar, Birendra Adhikari, Marcus Trygstad, Craig Piacek and Paul A. Charpentier","doi":"10.1039/D5SE01600B","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5SE01600B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Benzene, toluene and xylenes (BTX) serve as critical components in enhancing cold flow properties in high-performance fuels such as jet fuel, preventing fuel gelling and crystallization at low temperatures while maintaining combustion efficiency; however, their production remains largely reliant on conventional crude oil-derived processes. Alternate pathways such as catalytic pyrolysis, methanol-to-aromatics processes, <em>etc.</em> remain underexplored for sustainable synthesis of these aromatic hydrocarbons. This study presents a novel approach for producing aromatic hydrocarbons using MoO<small>_<em>x</em></small>/HZSM-5 catalyst in a continuous fixed-bed reactor. Feedstocks of interest such as oleic acid (OA), linoleic acid (LA), corn distiller's oil (CDO), and used cooking oil (UCO) were individually co-fed with water through the catalyst bed. A comprehensive design of experiments was employed to systematically elucidate the effect of critical reaction parameters such as temperature (350–375 °C), space time (1–4 h), and Mo(<small>VI</small>) loading on HZSM-5 (0–10 wt%). With no additional H<small>₂</small> requirement for the process, the maximized operating conditions generated a maximum yield of 85% aromatic hydrocarbons in the liquid product obtained. The major platform chemicals produced during the conversion were benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX), which were characterized using GC-MS. Further evidence for the extent of deoxygenation of feedstocks and presence of aromatic compounds in the product was supported by IR and <small>¹</small>H-NMR analyses respectively. The catalysts synthesized were characterized using BET, XRD, IR, SEM, NH<small>₃</small> and XPS. This study positions MoO<small>_<em>x</em></small>/HZSM-5 as a promising catalyst enabling the efficient, H<small>₂</small>-free production of BTX from renewable fatty acid feedstocks, advancing the development of sustainable routes to produce these platform chemicals.</p>","PeriodicalId":104,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy & Fuels","volume":" 11","pages":" 2756-2780"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2026/se/d5se01600b?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148141597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tuning the solvation environment of polyoxometalate redox-active species to boost thermo-electrochemical cell performance","authors":"Shunsuke Ohkata, Katsuhiro Wakamatsu, Riku Hosokawa, Kazuma Iwata, Kohei Tada and Hirofumi Yoshikawa","doi":"10.1039/D6SE00045B","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D6SE00045B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >In modern industrial societies, large amounts of waste heat are inevitably generated from sources such as manufacturing, power generation, and transportation. In particular, low-grade waste heat below 200 °C constitutes a major portion of the total industrial waste heat generated worldwide. The thermal energy loss significantly compromises the overall efficiency of primary energy utilisation. Recovering and reusing waste heat not only improves energy efficiency but also plays a crucial role in reducing CO<small>₂</small> emissions and advancing sustainable energy systems. However, low-grade waste heat remains largely unexploited because of its low energy density and poor conversion efficiency. Thermo-electrochemical cells (TECs)—which convert thermal energy into electricity <em>via</em> temperature-dependent redox reactions—have emerged as a low-cost, eco-friendly technology for harvesting low-temperature heat. The use of redox-active molecules in TECs enables molecular-level tunability, structural flexibility, and temperature responsiveness, features that are not achievable with conventional thermoelectrics. Nonetheless, improving the thermoelectric performance of TECs remains a key challenge for practical applications. In this study, we systematically investigate the effect of organic solvents on the thermoelectric properties of Keggin-type polyoxometalates as a redox system. By modifying solvation environments, we enhanced the Seebeck coefficient and output power density through increased solvation entropy changes during redox reactions. Our findings elucidate the contributions of redox species and the solvation structure, providing design principles for advanced TEC materials. Tailoring solvation environments <em>via</em> the appropriate selection and composition of organic solvents in aqueous media offers a promising route toward optimising TEC performance for future energy applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":104,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy & Fuels","volume":" 11","pages":" 2706-2717"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148141588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing the rate and efficiency of electrochemical ammonia synthesis from N2 in concentrated divalent electrolytes","authors":"Achyuth Marammurian Chathoth, Hanan Teller and Alex Schechter","doi":"10.1039/D6SE00271D","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D6SE00271D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (ENRR) is a promising alternative to the Haber–Bosch process, offering an energy-efficient and carbon-free method for ammonia synthesis. In the last few years, many catalyst materials have been investigated for N<small>₂</small> conversion to ammonia, where PtRu has shown relatively high activity, selectivity, and stability. This work describes a novel approach to increase the ENRR rate and efficiency by utilizing concentrated electrolytes (≥40 wt%) of common and nontoxic divalent CaBr<small>₂</small> and MgBr<small>₂</small>, which have high hydration energy, resulting in low free water concentration. This results in high overpotential for the competing hydrogen evolution reaction and high N<small>₂</small> solubility while maintaining high conductivity (120–160 mS cm<small>⁻¹</small> at 30–60 wt%). These properties have been harnessed to improve the rate of ammonia formation and the faradaic efficiency (FE) of the kinetically sluggish ENRR. The highest NH<small>₃</small> production rate of 94.01 µg h<small>⁻¹</small> cm<small>⁻²</small> and a FE of 23.7% at −0.15 V <em>vs.</em> the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) are observed in 60% CaBr<small>₂</small> solution using the PtRu alloy as the catalyst. This ammonia production rate is 2 times higher than that in 0.1 M KOH and 5 times higher than that in 0.25 M (4.75 wt%) CaBr<small>₂</small> electrolyte.</p>","PeriodicalId":104,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy & Fuels","volume":" 11","pages":" 2729-2741"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148141590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Designing stable electrocatalysts for sustainable energy conversion","authors":"Muhammad Faizan, Maryem Ourimi, Usman Bello, Roa'a H. Alzoubi, Abdul Aziz Jallow and Mohammad Nahid Siddiqui","doi":"10.1039/D6SE00370B","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D6SE00370B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The long-term stability of electrocatalyst nanoparticles remains a critical challenge for electrochemical energy conversion systems and storage technology such as proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), water electrolyzers, CO<small>₂</small> reduction systems, and metal–air batteries. This review focuses on the durability aspects of electrocatalysts by systematically connecting their degradation mechanisms, including Ostwald ripening, particle migration, dissolution, and support corrosion, to advanced stabilization strategies. The evaluation of structural, compositional, and operational parameters that control the catalyst lifetime is critically considered using information obtained from <em>operando</em> spectroscopy, <em>in situ</em> microscopy, and electrochemical diagnostics. In a comparative context, the recent developments in alloying, core shell structures, new support materials and surface changes (<em>e.g.</em> atomic layer deposition and self-assembled monolayers) are proposed with their strengths and weaknesses. New data-driven methods, especially machine-learning-aided catalyst stability prediction, are also discussed as potential solutions to rational catalyst design. Such a unified view offers viable instructions on how to come up with long-lasting, high efficiency and economical electrocatalysts for use in sustainable energy systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":104,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy & Fuels","volume":" 11","pages":" 2657-2705"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148141587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}