Sustainable Energy & Fuels最新文献

{"title":"Chloride-improved crystallization in sequentially vacuum-deposited perovskites for p–i–n perovskite solar cells†","authors":"Jin Yan, Jasmeen Nespoli, Reinder K. Boekhoff, Haoxu Wang, Timo Gort, Martijn Tijssen, Bernardus Zijlstra, Arjan Houtepen, Tom J. Savenije, Olindo Isabella and Luana Mazzarella","doi":"10.1039/D4SE01744G","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4SE01744G","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Sequential thermal evaporation is an emerging technique for obtaining perovskite (PVK) photoactive materials for solar cell applications. Advantages include solvent-free processing, accurate stoichiometry control, and scalable processing. Nevertheless, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PVK solar cells (PSCs) fabricated by evaporation still lags behind that of solution-processed PSCs. Here, based on multi-cycle sequential thermal evaporation, we systematically investigate the effects of the post-deposition annealing temperature on the PVK properties in terms of surface morphology, opto-electronic properties, and device performance. We find that the average grain size increases to almost 1 μm and charge carrier mobilities exceed 50 cm<small>²</small> V<small>⁻¹</small> s<small>⁻¹</small> when the annealing temperature is increased to 170 °C. We introduce a trace of PbCl<small>₂</small> to the multi-cycle sequential deposition to improve the absorber crystallinity at a lower annealing temperature of 150 °C, as evidenced by the XRD and PL analyses. The resulting PSC in a p–i–n structure yields a PCE of 18.5% with a cell area of 0.09 cm<small>²</small>. With the same deposition parameters, the cell area is scaled up to 0.36 cm<small>²</small>, achieving champion PCEs of 17.06%. This indicates the great potential of this technology for the commercialization of PSCs in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":104,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy & Fuels","volume":" 10","pages":" 2729-2737"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/se/d4se01744g?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143943991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hybrid water electrolysis as the way forward to sustainable hydrogen production","authors":"Shambhulinga Aralekallu, Lokesh Koodlur Sannegowda, Mahaveer D. Kurkuri, Ranjith Krishna Pai and Ho-Young Jung","doi":"10.1039/D5SE00236B","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5SE00236B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Replacing the anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) with energy saving and more favorable electrochemical oxidation reactions opens a new door to an innovative way for sustainable hydrogen production. Specifically, the electro-oxidation of organic compounds, biomass molecules, and plastic waste has attracted tremendous interest in recent years owing to its potential for H<small>₂</small> production at the cathode chamber and production of value-added chemicals and fuels at the anode chamber. This review is not intended to provide an in-depth, comprehensive overview of all these reactions and hybrid water electrolysis but rather highlight the key aspects of hybrid water electrolysis. The basic understanding of hybrid water electrolysis, its advantages over conventional water electrolysis, major reactions, bifunctional electrocatalysts and their fabrication based on the available information are discussed. Although this review sheds light on the basic understanding of alternative oxidation reactions in hybrid water electrolysis, a special focus is given on the important question of whether the bifunctional electrocatalysts employed in conventional water electrolysis will be effective in hybrid water electrolysis. Lastly, the challenges and perspectives are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":104,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy & Fuels","volume":" 11","pages":" 2928-2940"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144148282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmentally sustainable fabrication of organic solar cells: preserving the power conversion efficiency while reducing the material footprint†","authors":"Ushasri Mukherjee and Samarendra P. Singh","doi":"10.1039/D5SE00413F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5SE00413F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Organic solar cells (OSCs) have attracted significant interest due to their utilization of a solution-based approach, which allows for easier fabrication procedures. In recent years, OSCs have successfully reached more than 19.0% of power conversion efficiency (PCE). Most of these interesting developments commonly utilized halogenated solvents such as chlorobenzene (CB), chloroform (CF), 1,2-dichlorobenzene (ODCB), <em>etc</em>. These halogenated solvents are harmful to human health as well as the environment. Therefore, the utilization of harmful solvents limits its capability as an environmentally friendly technology. With an aim to employ eco-friendly solvents for OSC fabrication, we present our research on the fabrication of PTB7-Th:PC<small>₇₁</small>BM-based organic solar cells (OSCs) using a combination of non-halogenated and relatively eco-friendly solvents. The combination of 2-methylanisole (MA) and mesitylene (MY) in a specific ratio (7 : 3) has been identified as a suitable substitute solvent. By employing these solvents, we were able to reach a maximum PCE of 7.32% for the OSCs with an inverted device architecture ITO/ZnO/PTB7-Th:PC<small>₇₁</small>BM/MoO<small>_<em>x</em></small>/Ag, which is comparable to the PCE of OSCs processed using ODCB solvent. Furthermore, we established the universality of a relatively non-toxic solvent combination (MA : MY) for eco-friendly OSCs by achieving a PCE of 11.05% for the ternary device architecture ITO/ZnO/PTB7-Th:Y7:IT-M/MoO<small>_<em>x</em></small>/Ag.</p>","PeriodicalId":104,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy & Fuels","volume":" 10","pages":" 2792-2804"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143944001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strong impacts of inter-π-chain charge transfer accelerating CO2 reduction photocatalysis of carbazole–diimine-based linear conjugated polymer/Ru complex hybrids†","authors":"Akinobu Nakada, Shunsuke Asai, Chen Zhang, Kotaro Ishihara, Hajime Suzuki, Osamu Tomita, Katsuaki Suzuki, Hironori Kaji, Akinori Saeki and Ryu Abe","doi":"10.1039/D5SE00142K","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5SE00142K","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Conjugated polymers are promising candidates for photocatalyst materials owing to the molecular design flexibility in tuning their properties, including visible light responsiveness. The rational introduction of a molecular metal complex acting as a catalyst at a specific location is an effective approach to activate conjugated polymer photocatalysts for the selective conversion of small molecules, such as carbon dioxide. However, the photocatalytic activity of the conjugated polymer/metal complex hybrids has not been satisfactory. In particular, there is still much room for improvement in polymer structure engineering to maximise the activation of a molecular complex catalyst centre by photoexcited electrons. This work demonstrates the strong impact of side chains and ligand structures, which do not significantly affect the optical properties of the polymers, on their photocatalytic performance for CO<small>₂</small> reduction. The relatively rigid aromatic side chains and condensed aromatic ligand moieties enable effective inter-π-chain charge transfer to activate the isolated (<em>i.e.</em> low-concentration) Ru(<small>II</small>) complex catalyst. The manipulation of photoexcited charge transfer by structural modulation resulted in a significantly improved photocatalytic activity (quantum efficiency of 2.2% at 450 nm) compared to the counterpart photocatalysts containing the alkyl side chain and bipyridine ligand moieties.</p>","PeriodicalId":104,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy & Fuels","volume":" 11","pages":" 2941-2950"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/se/d5se00142k?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144148283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Additive passivation strategies to improve properties of evaporation-spray coating perovskite solar cells†","authors":"Yuxin Zhang, Cong Geng, Chunyang Zheng, Huiren Zheng, Xin Zhao, Mingwei Zhu, Yong Peng and Yi-Bing Cheng","doi":"10.1039/D5SE00143A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5SE00143A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The evaporation-spray coating process has been applied in the field of perovskites. However, perovskite solar cells fabricated using the evaporation-spray coating process often exhibit significant hysteresis, which is attributed to the ease of ion migration and interface recombination in the perovskite produced by this method. To address this issue, we introduced butylamine additives containing different halide ions (I<small>⁻</small>, Br<small>⁻</small>, Cl<small>⁻</small>) into the spray process. After comparing the results, it was found that butylamine iodide (BAI) can effectively passivate lead and iodide-related defects in the perovskite by interacting with uncoordinated lead and iodide ions, thereby suppressing non-radiative recombination. Additionally, BAI promotes the transformation of PbI<small>₂</small> during the evaporation-spray coating process, reducing the residual lead iodide in the perovskite. The wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells (energy gap (<em>E</em><small>_g</small>), <em>E</em><small>_g</small> ≈ 1.68 eV) fabricated using this method achieved a champion device photovoltaic conversion efficiency (PCE) increase from 16.61% to 19.91%. Furthermore, the unencapsulated devices demonstrated excellent stability, maintaining 80% of their initial efficiency after 450 hours of thermal aging at 60 °C.</p>","PeriodicalId":104,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy & Fuels","volume":" 10","pages":" 2670-2677"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143944165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dopant-free hydrophobic fluorene-based hole transport materials: impact of methoxy-substituted triphenylamine and carbazole peripheral groups on the performance of perovskite solar cells†","authors":"Vighneshwar Ganesh Bhat, Kavya S. Keremane, Subramanya K. S., Archana S., Akash Hegde, Ivy M. Asuo, Bed Poudel and Udaya Kumar Dalimba","doi":"10.1039/D5SE00120J","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5SE00120J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Hole-transporting materials (HTMs) are crucial for charge separation in perovskite solar cells (PVSCs). Besides possessing suitable HOMO/LUMO energies, HTMs should ideally be hydrophobic to protect the perovskites from atmospheric moisture to enhance device stability. We designed two fluorene-core D–π–D-type organic HTMs (<strong>V1</strong> and <strong>V2</strong>), consisting of either 4,4′-methoxy triphenylamine (<strong>V1</strong>) or <em>N</em>-phenyl-3,6-methoxy carbazole (<strong>V2</strong>) as the peripheral donor moiety. Optoelectronic characterization and density functional theory calculations confirmed the intramolecular charge transfer within these new HTMs. UPS and REELS analyses revealed favorable HOMO–LUMO energy level alignment of <strong>V1</strong> and <strong>V2</strong> with the work functions of MAPbI<small>₃</small> and gold electrode for effective charge extraction. TRPL and transient absorption studies commendably explained better quenching of perovskite's luminescence by <strong>V1</strong> over <strong>V2</strong>, suggesting a better interfacial contact of <strong>V1</strong> with the perovskite layer. Accordingly, the PVSCs with <strong>V1</strong> and <strong>V2</strong> as HTMs in an architecture ITO/SnO<small>₂</small>/MAPbI<small>₃</small>/HTM(<strong>V1</strong> or <strong>V2</strong>)/Au demonstrated power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.05% and 12.73% respectively. Also, the device with <strong>V1</strong> retains 75% of its initial efficiency for more than 480 hours. The contact angle measurements revealed the strong hydrophobicity of both alkylated fluorene molecules (<strong>V1</strong> and <strong>V2</strong>), and impedance spectroscopy measurements further revealed higher <em>R</em><small>_rec</small> values for these HTMs, indicating improved charge transport and reduced recombination losses. These findings demonstrate the potential of the newly developed hydrophobic fluorene-based HTMs for achieving long-lasting performance in PVSCs.</p>","PeriodicalId":104,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy & Fuels","volume":" 10","pages":" 2769-2781"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143943999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pushing the boundaries: enhancing TiO2 performance for hydrogen evolution under visible light photocatalysis by incorporating RuO2†","authors":"Moses D. Ashie, Gayani Pathiraja, Shobha Mantripragada and Bishnu P. Bastakoti","doi":"10.1039/D5SE00040H","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5SE00040H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >A highly efficient and porous TiO<small>₂</small>–RuO<small>₂</small> nanocomposite was fabricated <em>via</em> a one-pot solvothermal route. Varying the ruthenium content in the synthesis revealed the importance of modifying synthesis conditions in achieving a highly porous and effective photocatalytic material. The results from the study show that an optimal weight of 20% ruthenium precursor in the TiO<small>₂</small>–RuO<small>₂</small> nanocomposite demonstrated enhanced photocatalytic properties compared to other compositions. The nanocomposite exhibited high performance in the H<small>₂</small> gas evolution reaction due to the synergistic effect of TiO<small>₂</small> and RuO<small>₂</small>, enhancing charge transfer and improving light absorption. The TiO<small>₂</small>–RuO<small>₂</small>-20 exhibited double reduction potential and low solution resistance. As a result of the reduced band gap, improved light absorption capability, and low electron–hole recombination, TiO<small>₂</small>–RuO<small>₂</small>-20 yielded a significant amount of hydrogen gas, 1794.8 μmol g<small>⁻¹</small> h<small>⁻¹</small>, over 3 h of activity under visible light. This amount far exceeded the yield observed for RuO<small>₂</small> alone (21.9 μmol g<small>⁻¹</small> h<small>⁻¹</small>) and the commercially available TiO<small>₂</small> (246.4 μmol g<small>⁻¹</small> h<small>⁻¹</small>). This confirms the contribution and effectiveness of a low amount of ruthenium required in fabricating highly effective TiO<small>₂</small>–RuO<small>₂</small> catalysts for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. The single-step, low-cost solvothermal method offers a significant advantage in obtaining cost-effective materials for efficient hydrogen generation.</p>","PeriodicalId":104,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy & Fuels","volume":" 10","pages":" 2707-2717"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143944169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of environmental impacts of a perovskite solar cell with a p-i-n meso-superstructured architecture through life cycle assessment†","authors":"Camilo Andrés Valderrama Benítez, Francisco José Molina Pérez, Juan Felipe Montoya Arango, Diana Catalina Rodríguez, Aída Luz Villa and Jaume-Adrià Alberola-Borràs","doi":"10.1039/D4SE01571A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4SE01571A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >This study analyzes the environmental impacts of a 1 cm<small>²</small> perovskite solar cell (PSC) with a <em>meso</em>-superstructured p-i-n configuration, fabricated in Colombia. Using life cycle assessment (LCA), we evaluated impacts from cradle to gate, excluding assembly, transportation, and waste treatment. The results were compared with another PSC. When comparing to commercial solar cells, the functional unit was converted to 1 kW h for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The PSC exhibited the lowest environmental impacts, attributed to lower energy requirements for its layers and reduced use of contaminating materials. Notably, substituting fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) with indium tin oxide (ITO) and using silver instead of gold for the top electrode significantly reduced impacts. Lead in the perovskite layer showed an insignificant contribution to key environmental categories, including human carcinogenic toxicity and ecotoxicity in water. The energy analysis indicates that manufacturing energy consumption varies by location, suggesting the PSC could be competitive with commercial solar cells in terms of GHG emissions if its lifetime exceeds ten years. Further reductions in impact could be achieved through material modifications and improved disposal techniques.</p>","PeriodicalId":104,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy & Fuels","volume":" 10","pages":" 2753-2768"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143943998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-modification of NCM-622 via Mg2+in situ doping and LiBO2/B2O3 surface coating: a pathway to design high-voltage cathodes for lithium-ion batteries†","authors":"Praneash Venkatachalam, Kamala Kumari Duru, Sambasivam Sangaraju, Asha Anish Madhavan, Pilgun Oh, Pardha Saradhi Maram and Sujith Kalluri","doi":"10.1039/D4SE01297F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4SE01297F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >NCM-622 cathodes have been promising cathodes for lithium-ion batteries due to their high reversible specific capacity and low cost. However, the NCM-622 cathode suffers from structural instability, especially at high voltage. Moreover, at elevated voltages and temperatures the cathode suffers from surface side reactions and particle cracks due to the presence of grain boundaries. The <em>in situ</em> doping of Mg<small>²⁺</small> is achieved by doping Mg ions during the synthesis procedure using a CSTR and the LiBO<small>₂</small>/B<small>₂</small>O<small>₃</small> surface coating is achieved by a simple wet-chemistry method; this dual-modification not only protects the surface of the cathode but the Mg<small>²⁺</small> ions in the structure also enhance the cycling stability even at high voltage (4.5 V) and temperature (55 °C). As a result, animproved electrochemical behaviour was observed and the cathode could retain 82.5% of its initial capacity after 100 cycles at 4.5 V. Furthermore, the presence of the hybrid coating on the surface protects the cathode from HF attack and reduces the voltage polarisation during high temperature and voltage cycling. Such a dual-modification strategy can be commercially viable and useful for modification of high-energy-density NCM-622 cathodes.</p>","PeriodicalId":104,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy & Fuels","volume":" 10","pages":" 2805-2812"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143944002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cellulose hydrogenolysis on a combination of tungsten oxide nanorods with and without ruthenium loading for enhanced ethanol selectivity†","authors":"Ambereen A. Niaze, Mahendra K. Sunkara and Sreedevi Upadhyayula","doi":"10.1039/D5SE00265F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5SE00265F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The hydrolysis of cellulose to ethanol is still uneconomical with a low yield of this desired product; hence it is important to develop a promising multifunctional catalyst that can convert cellulose to selectively high yields of ethanol. Herein, an attempt has been made to synthesize ruthenium (Ru) loaded WO<small>₃</small> nanorods, which will give a highly active catalytic surface with both the metal and support participating in the reaction to improve ethanol yields from 28.94% to 44.56%. WO<small>₃</small> not only helps the C–C cleavage of glucose but also suppresses the isomerization of glucose so that no propanol is produced, and the selective yield of ethanol improves. The combined electronic properties of Ru<small>^o</small> and W<small>⁶⁺</small> participate in enhancing the catalytic activity and increasing the cellulose conversion to ethanol. The bond functionality was also investigated by performing reactions with various reactants under the same reaction conditions. Based on the obtained reaction pathway, the kinetic parameters were calculated for the simplified reaction network and validated with the experimental values. The retro-aldol condensation reaction led by C–C cleavage of glucose to form glycolaldehyde was determined as the rate-limiting step. Cellulose conversion to ethanol using the combination of catalysts Ru/WO<small>₃</small> and WO<small>₃</small> in an integrated system was well-fitted with first-order kinetics.</p>","PeriodicalId":104,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy & Fuels","volume":" 11","pages":" 3055-3067"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144148205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}