Clinical Spine Surgery最新文献

{"title":"Efficacy of Preventive Foraminotomy in Laminoplasty for Reducing Postoperative C5 Palsy: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Min Cheol Chang, Wook-Tae Park, Gun Woo Lee","doi":"10.1097/BSD.0000000000001967","DOIUrl":"10.1097/BSD.0000000000001967","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Study design: </strong>Systematic review and meta-analysis study.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the effect of preventive foraminotomy during laminoplasty on the outcomes of patients with postoperative C5 palsy.</p><p><strong>Summary of background data: </strong>Preventive foraminotomy at the C4-C5 level has been proposed as a strategy to reduce postoperative C5 palsy; however, its effectiveness remains controversial. In addition, no meta-analysis on this topic has been published to date.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and SCOPUS databases were systematically searched for relevant articles published up to July 3, 2025, that compared 2 surgical techniques: laminoplasty with preventive foraminotomy (F group) and laminoplasty alone (NF group). A total of 491 articles were searched, and 4 studies (n=603) met all the inclusion criteria.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The incidence of postoperative C5 palsy, the primary endpoint of the current meta-analysis, was significantly lower in the F group than in the NF group (OR=0.32; P =0.02). Regarding the clinical parameter, the Japanese Orthopedic Association score recovery rate was higher in the F group than in the NF group ( P =0.002). The radiologic and complication rates, including hinge fractures, dural tears, infections, and the degree of posterior cord shifting, were not significantly different between the groups. The operation time was shorter in the NF group than in the F group ( P <0.001); however, the other outcomes were comparable between the groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Though preventive foraminotomy in laminoplasty showed less C5 palsy, these findings were based on low-quality evidence from a small number of retrospective studies that are prone to bias.</p>","PeriodicalId":10457,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Spine Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"374-381"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146009183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Reoperation Incidence After Anterior Versus Posterior Decompression and Fusion for Cervical Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament: Analysis of a Large Claims-based Database.","authors":"Soichiro Masuda, Toshiki Fukasawa, Bungo Otsuki, Koichi Murata, Takayoshi Shimizu, Takashi Sono, Shintaro Honda, Koichiro Shima, Masaki Sakamoto, Shuichi Matsuda, Koji Kawakami","doi":"10.1097/BSD.0000000000001876","DOIUrl":"10.1097/BSD.0000000000001876","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Study design: </strong>Cohort study.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare reoperation rates between anterior decompression and fusion (ADF) and posterior decompression and fusion (PDF) in patients with cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL).</p><p><strong>Summary of background data: </strong>Reoperation after cervical OPLL surgery is a significant concern for both patients and surgeons. It is unclear which surgical approach, ADF or PDF, is superior in terms of reoperation rates for cervical OPLL.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was conducted under a cohort design in patients who underwent ADF or PDF for cervical OPLL using claims-based data. Primary outcome was the incidence of reoperation during the follow-up period, and secondary outcome was total health care costs during hospitalization, and at 30 days and 1 year postoperatively. Confounding factors were adjusted using propensity score inverse probability of treatment weighting. Cumulative incidence of reoperation was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 251 patients (123 patients in the ADF group and 128 in the PDF group). There was no significant difference in the incidence of reoperation between the 2 groups [weighted HR 2.00 (95% CI 0.76-5.25); P =0.16]. ADF was associated with lower mean costs than PDF during hospitalization [$6416 (95% CI $4898-$7,934); P <0.001], and at 30 days [$6449 (95% CI $4942-$7956)] and 1 year postoperatively [$10,268 ($6545-$13,992); P <0.001].</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although reoperation rates for ADF and PDF in patients with cervical OPLL were similar, ADF was associated with lower health care costs. This study provides important information that will help surgeons make informed decisions about the choice of surgical approach for patients with cervical OPLL.</p>","PeriodicalId":10457,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Spine Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"E389-E394"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144607712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spinal Anesthesia With Erector Spinae Plane Block and Sedation for Biportal Endoscopic Lumbar Decompression: A Preliminary Study.","authors":"Tae Hoon Kang, Seokin Jang, Minjoon Cho, Jae Hyup Lee, Jung-Man Lee","doi":"10.1097/BSD.0000000000002190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/BSD.0000000000002190","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Study design: </strong>Retrospective case-control study.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the feasibility, safety, and perioperative outcomes of spinal anesthesia combined with erector spinae plane block and dexmedetomidine sedation (SES) compared with general anesthesia (GA) in patients undergoing biportal endoscopic lumbar decompression (BELD).</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Regional anesthesia has shown advantages in spine surgery, including reduced complications and faster recovery. However, spinal anesthesia alone has limitations in duration and patient tolerance during prolonged prone positioning. The erector spinae plane block provides extended analgesia, and dexmedetomidine sedation offers patient comfort without respiratory depression. Evidence regarding the combined application of these techniques for lumbar decompression surgery, especially BELD, is limited.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This retrospective study included 41 patients who underwent 1- or 2-level BELD between June 2023 and June 2024. Nineteen patients received SES, and 22 patients underwent GA. Outcomes included operative times, hemodynamic parameters, postoperative pain, ambulation timing, hospital stay, and complications.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All SES procedures were completed without conversion to GA. SES was associated with significantly shorter operation times and earlier emergence, improved intraoperative hemodynamic stability, reduced postoperative pain scores (Visual Analog Scale: 0.2 ± 0.7 vs. 2.7 ± 1.4, P < 0.001), earlier ambulation (0.5 ± 0.8 vs. 1.5 ± 0.8 d, P < 0.001), and shorter hospital stay (3.8 ± 1.5 vs. 6.6 ± 3.0 d, P < 0.001). No anesthesia-related complications occurred in the SES group, whereas the GA group experienced several complications, including postoperative nausea and vomiting.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>SES is a feasible and safe anesthetic technique for BELD, offering favorable perioperative outcomes compared with GA. These preliminary results support SES as a promising approach for enhanced recovery protocols in minimally invasive spine surgery. Larger randomized trials are needed to confirm its safety and effectiveness.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level III.</p>","PeriodicalId":10457,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Spine Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149103521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Controversies in Spine Surgery: The Role of MRI in Odontoid Process Fractures in Elderly Patients Without a Neurological Deficit.","authors":"Richard N Storey, Yoshinori Maki, Stacey Darwish, Joseph S Bulter","doi":"10.1097/BSD.0000000000002182","DOIUrl":"10.1097/BSD.0000000000002182","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Odontoid process fractures in elderly patients are common and significant for their poor clinical and radiologic prognosis. This controversy debates the role of MRI in odontoid process fractures in elderly patients without a neurological deficit.</p><p><strong>Controversy: </strong>Elderly patients generally sustain odontoid process fractures following low-energy mechanisms. Ligamentous structures provide a significant secondary constraint to progressive fracture displacement. The additional contribution of MRI after CT and/or radiographs is controversial.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Potentially the most justifiable reason for getting an MRI in the setting of an odontoid process fracture in a neurologically intact elderly patient is to identify occult adjacent segment injury, particularly in the setting of advanced degenerate disease or ankylosis. This debate is useful in guiding imaging criteria and hypothesis generation, particularly the role of discrete MRI findings as indicators for surgery. The authors suspect that ligamentous injury findings are nuanced in their predictive features; ie, anterior longitudinal ligament disruption in extension fractures and posterior longitudinal ligament disruption in flexion injuries. Translational work to demonstrate CT thresholds which are consistent with MRI-confirmed ligamentous injury may give the ability to anticipate ligamentous injury on CT alone. This is of high importance in healthcare systems where access to MRI is limited.</p>","PeriodicalId":10457,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Spine Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149079996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"En Bloc Resection for Primary Malignant Tumors of the Subaxial Cervical Spine: Oncologic and Technical Considerations.","authors":"Alberto Benato, Rebecca Du, Hanna Kemeny, Jean-Paul Wolinsky","doi":"10.1097/BSD.0000000000002187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/BSD.0000000000002187","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Study design: </strong>Case series and narrative review.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To provide a practical overview of the management of primary malignant bone tumors of the subaxial cervical spine, focusing on en bloc resection, and to propose a stepwise framework for surgical decision-making.</p><p><strong>Summary of background data: </strong>En bloc resection is generally considered the preferred treatment for selected primary cervical spine tumors as it offers the greatest potential for durable local control. However, subaxial cervical en bloc surgery remains technically demanding owing to complex regional anatomy, and the available literature is limited.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Four illustrative cases were combined with a narrative review of the literature. Surgical strategies were analyzed with emphasis on preoperative planning, anatomic and oncological considerations, technical challenges, and practical operative pearls.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The illustrative cases and literature review demonstrated that successful subaxial cervical en bloc resection relies on careful assessment of tumor histology, compartmental extension, vertebral artery involvement, epidural disease, and relationships with the brachial plexus and visceral structures. Multistage circumferential approaches are frequently required to establish osteotomy planes, mobilize the specimen, and restore spinal stability. When en bloc resection is not technically feasible or would entail unacceptable morbidity, individualized strategies combining stabilization, neural decompression, and radiation therapy must be considered.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>En bloc resection is a complex strategy for selected cervical primary tumors, with the potential to provide durable long-term control. Larger prospective series are needed to better define outcomes and evaluate evolving reconstructive techniques and materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":10457,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Spine Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149105210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suffering and Disability as a Predictor of Outcome After Lumbar Spinal Fusion Surgery in Real-World Practice: A Multicenter, Prospective Observational Study.","authors":"Vincent Raymaekers, Gert Roosen, Eric Put, Steven Vanvolsem, Salah-Eddine Achahbar, Sacha Meeuws, Maarten Wissels, Sven Bamps, Zoë Pieters, Dirk De Ridder, Tomas Menovsky, Mark Plazier","doi":"10.1097/BSD.0000000000002185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/BSD.0000000000002185","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Study design: </strong>A prospective, multicenter, and observational cohort study.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to explore the outcomes after lumbar spinal fusion surgery in daily practice, identifying significant patient clusters based on baseline characteristics to guide future decision-making.</p><p><strong>Summary of background data: </strong>Chronic low back pain from lumbar degenerative disease is a leading cause of global disability. Despite widespread use of spinal fusion surgery, patient outcomes vary. Real-world data are needed to identify which patients benefit most from surgery, particularly considering baseline levels of pain, disability, and psychosocial burden.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study involved 693 patients undergoing lumbar spinal fusion surgery. Data were collected using the BackApp. Missing observation at fixed time points were imputed using multiple imputation. A K-means cluster analysis was performed on baseline variables (VAS, ODI, EQ-5D, and PCS) to identify distinct patient subgroups. ANOVA and logistic regression were used to analyze primary and secondary outcomes after lumbar spinal fusion surgery to compare the identified patient subgroups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cluster 1 (N=337) comprised patients with painfulness without suffering and disability. Cluster 2 (N=356) involves patients experiencing higher pain scores, associated with a decrease in QOL, disability, and suffering. Only cluster 2 showed significant and clinically relevant improvement in painfulness (VAS back: -2.67 [95% CI: -4.53 to -0.80], VAS leg: -3.56 [95% CI: -3.56 to -1.78]), disability (ODI: -7.01 [95% CI: -13.31 to -0.82]) and QOL (EQ-5D: 0.27 [95% CI: 0.19-0.36]) after lumbar fusion surgery. There were no significant differences in return to work, pain medication reduction, or patient satisfaction between the clusters.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Real-world evidence indicates that patients with preoperative suffering and disability benefit significantly more from lumbar spinal fusion surgery. These findings highlight the importance of comprehensive baseline health assessments to guide personalized treatment strategies and improve patient outcomes. Selecting the right patients for spinal fusion surgery may have important repercussions, both clinically and economically, and may benefit the development of clinical guidelines.</p>","PeriodicalId":10457,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Spine Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149104887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel Classification of Single-segment Thoracolumbar Tuberculosis and Its Reliability Analysis: A Multicenter Study.","authors":"Jiani Li, Haoxin Jiang, Yu Liu, Xuhong Xue, Zhiqiang Zhou, Fan Feng, Liuxue Du, Xu Xiong, Jiangwei Chen, Rongping Zhou, Ning Zhang, Zhili Liu, Jiaming Liu","doi":"10.1097/BSD.0000000000002184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/BSD.0000000000002184","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Study design: </strong>A multicenter retrospective study.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to propose a novel classification for single-segment thoracolumbar tuberculosis (TLTB) and test its reliability for clinical application.</p><p><strong>Summary of background data: </strong>The classifications of spinal tuberculosis reported by studies exhibit certain limitations with low utilization.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The proposed classification included 3 types of single-segment TLTB based on lesion extent, vertebral and/or intervertebral disc height loss, sagittal index, spinal instability, and neurological deficit: type I, involves an intervertebral disc or a single vertebral body or an intervertebral disc along with its adjacent superior and inferior vertebrae, without spinal instability, subdivided into 3 subtypes according to lesion extent; type II involves the affected segment with concomitant spinal instability, divided into 4 subtypes according to lesion extent and bone defects; type III involves an intervertebral disc and its adjacent superior and inferior vertebrae, with spinal instability and kyphosis, divided into 3 subtypes according to bone defects. The reliability of the classification was assessed by 10 observers twice from different institutions at a 1-month interval. The Fleiss Kappa coefficient and Spearman correlation analysis were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 210 patients were included in study, with type Ia (16 cases, 7.6%), type Ib (19 cases, 9.0%), type Ic (24 cases, 11.4%), type IIa (20 cases, 9.5%), type IIb (23 cases, 11.0%), type IIc (19 cases, 9.0%), type IId (28 cases, 13.3%), type IIIa (19 cases, 9.0%), type IIIb (24 cases, 11.4%), and type IIIc (18 cases, 8.6%). Interobserver reliability was \"nearly perfect,\" with a mean Fleiss Kappa coefficient of 0.85, and all Spearman correlation coefficients exceeded 0.9. Intraobserver reliability was also \"nearly perfect,\" with a mean Fleiss Kappa coefficient of 0.88 and a mean Spearman correlation coefficient of 0.97.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The proposed classification demonstrates excellent reliability and provides a standardized framework for single-segment TLTB.</p>","PeriodicalId":10457,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Spine Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149105187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Instrumentation Strategies and New Technologies in Treating Cervical Spine Tumors.","authors":"Shaarada Srivatsa, Robert Winkelman, Arpan A Patel, Dominic W Pelle, Ajit Krishnaney, Jason W Savage","doi":"10.1097/BSD.0000000000002178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/BSD.0000000000002178","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Study design: </strong>Narrative review.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This paper summarizes instrumentation strategies and emerging technologies for the treatment of cervical spine tumors.</p><p><strong>Summary of background data: </strong>The management of cervical spine tumors involves unique challenges due to inherent anatomic differences between the cervical spine compared with the remainder of the spine. Existing and emerging technologies, such as CT-based navigation, robotic-assisted surgery, ultrasound, and augmented reality, allow for increased efficiency and efficacy with instrumentation and surgical decompression.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A thorough review of the cervical spine oncologic literature was performed using the PubMed database, and articles addressing the topic of instrumentation strategies and emerging technologies were included within the narrative review.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cervical spine approaches in the oncologic patient involve a multidisciplinary approach, careful consideration of the patient's systemic disease, and thorough anatomic and preoperative imaging review. Depending on the approach and extent of resection and expected structural instability, reconstruction methods vary from anterior-based, posterior-based, and circumferential. The unique considerations of the oncologic spine inform implant, graft, and reconstruction choice. Use of neuronavigation and, increasingly, robotic systems provides safe and beneficial adjuncts to the operative workflow. Future directions in cervical oncologic surgery include patient-specific implant design, artificial intelligence and machine-learning-based models, and augmented and mixed-reality systems to aid in intraoperative decision-making and navigation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Existing reconstruction and navigation technologies provide safe and accurate tools for cervical spine reconstruction after tumor resection. With improved systemic disease control, future surgical innovations may enhance intraoperative workflow, minimize imaging artifacts, and improve postoperative fusion in oncologic patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":10457,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Spine Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149023988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcomes, Quality of Life, and Value in Cervical Spine Oncology: Neurological Recovery, Patient-Reported Outcomes, and Prognostic Decision-Making.","authors":"Tyler M Compton, Theodore A Joaquin, Mark A Plantz, Jason D Tegethoff, Srikanth N Divi","doi":"10.1097/BSD.0000000000002167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/BSD.0000000000002167","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Study design: </strong>Narrative review.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To provide an overview of outcomes, cost-effectiveness, local control, survivorship, and prognostic decision-making in cervical spine oncology.</p><p><strong>Summary of background data: </strong>Cervical spine oncology includes both metastatic and primary tumors, each with distinct treatment goals and oncologic considerations. Cervical spine tumors can impair quality of life through pain, neurological deficits, and mechanical instability.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This review synthesizes current literature on neurological and functional outcomes, health-related quality of life (HRQOL), cost-effectiveness, local control, survivorship, and prognostic decision-making in cervical spine oncology.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Prospective multicenter studies demonstrate significant improvements in pain, neurological function, and HRQOL after surgery for metastatic cervical spine disease. Separation surgery followed by stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) achieves high rates of local control in appropriately selected patients. Cost-effectiveness is greatest among patients with acute neurological compromise and favorable survival prognoses. We additionally review prognostic classification systems, machine-learning algorithms, and outcomes in primary cervical spine tumors including cervical chordoma.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Cervical spine oncology requires individualized multidisciplinary treatment. Prospective outcomes data, validated patient-reported outcome instruments, modern radiation strategies, and prognostic algorithms support contemporary decision-making in patients with cervical spine tumors.</p>","PeriodicalId":10457,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Spine Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149024005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Controversies in Spine Surgery: Should Drains Be Used for Outpatient Lumbar Spine Surgeries?","authors":"Thomas Kroymann, Alex Thingvold, Madelyn Anderson, Blake Salfer, Cale Hendricks, Lauren M Boden, William Sheppard, Matthew Davies, Taylor Paziuk","doi":"10.1097/BSD.0000000000002174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/BSD.0000000000002174","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10457,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Spine Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149016036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}