Clinical Spine Surgery最新文献

{"title":"Factors Associated With Postoperative Kyphosis and Loss of Range of Motion After Cervical Disc Replacement.","authors":"Abel De Varona-Cocero, Stephane Owusu-Sarpong, Juan Rodriguez-Rivera, Fares Ani, Camryn Myers, Constance Maglaras, Tina Raman, Themistocles Protopsaltis","doi":"10.1097/BSD.0000000000001869","DOIUrl":"10.1097/BSD.0000000000001869","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Study design: </strong>Single-center retrospective study.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the risks associated with postoperative kyphosis and loss of range of motion after cervical disc replacement (CDR).</p><p><strong>Summary of background data: </strong>One of the main benefits of CDR is that it maintains physiological range of motion (ROM) and lordosis while achieving decompression. However, some patients experience loss in segmental ROM or postoperative segmental kyphosis. This study analyzes the radiographic outcomes of these patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Adult patients who underwent CDR were included. The cohort was divided into patients with poor x-ray outcomes (PXR) and successful x-ray outcomes (SXR). The PXR group was defined as patients who had a loss in segmental ROM (≥11 degress decrease in Δ segmental ROM) after CDR and/or postoperative segmental kyphosis at the operative level at 2-year follow-up. Sagittal alignment and other measures were compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 151 (PXR=47; SXR=104) patients met the inclusion criteria. Pre- and postoperative segmental lateral Cobb angles were more kyphotic in the PXR group (3.5 vs. -1.4 degress, P <0.001; 2.6 vs. -5.6 degress, P <0.001). There was a larger Δ in segmental lateral Cobb angle in the SXR group (-4.2 vs. -0.9 degress, P <0.001). The PXR group had more flexion and less extension (11.3 degress vs. 6.5 degress, P <0.001; -2.2 vs. -6.1 degress, P =0.049). Segmental ROM loss was significant in the PXR group (-5.7 degress vs. 1.5 degress, P <0.001). Pre- and postoperative C2-C7 lateral Cobb angles were more kyphotic in the PXR group (-1.2 vs. -9.4 degress, P <0.001; -2.9 vs. -13.9 degress, P <0.001). Pre- and postoperative cSVA were larger in the PXR group (29.6 vs. 25.3 mm, P =0.047; 30.1 vs. 22.8 mm, P =0.004). Multiple variable regressions showed higher preoperative segmental lateral Cobb angle increased odds of SXR (OR=1.217, 95% CI: 1.083-1.369, P <0.001), while larger preoperative C2-C7 ROM decreased them (OR=0.970, 95% CI: 0.994-0.996, P =0.024). No significant differences in postoperative complications were observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Patients with postoperative kyphosis or loss of ROM were more likely to have less segmental and regional C2-7 lordosis and a larger cSVA. Surgeons should consider these preoperative parameters when indicating CDR and counseling patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":10457,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Spine Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"E382-E388"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144636449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of the SARS-CoV2 Pandemic on Postoperative Outcomes Following Elective Spine Surgery: A Case-Control Study Performed in a Large SARS-CoV2 Epicenter.","authors":"Amy Z Lu, Lauren A Barber, Tomoyuki Asada, Samuel Adida, Philip K Louie, Sheeraz A Qureshi","doi":"10.1097/BSD.0000000000001968","DOIUrl":"10.1097/BSD.0000000000001968","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Study design: </strong>Retrospective cohort study with matched historical controls.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate postoperative outcomes for patients undergoing elective spine surgery immediately before the suspension of elective procedures due to COVID-19, comparing them to a matched cohort from the same period in 2018.</p><p><strong>Summary of background data: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic significantly disrupted elective surgeries globally. The impact of these disruptions on surgical outcomes, particularly for spine surgery, remains unclear, especially during the height of the pandemic when health care resources were strained.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study included 60 patients who underwent elective spine surgery between March 1 and 16, 2020, during the initial wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, compared with 60 matched patients from March 1 and 16, 2018. Data were extracted from the institution's electronic health records. Variables analyzed included patient demographics, surgical data, complications, reoperations, follow-up outcomes at 30 days, 90 days, and 2 years, as well as the use of telemedicine for follow-up visits. Outcomes were compared between the 2 cohorts.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both groups had similar Charlson comorbidity index scores ( P =0.508). The COVID-19 cohort had a higher proportion of ASA III patients (35% vs. 31.7%) and a significantly higher rate of telemedicine use for follow-up (81.7% vs. 23.3%, P <0.001). There were no significant differences in complications, readmissions, reoperations, or follow-up rates at any time point. Surgical indications differed, with weakness more frequently cited as an indication in the COVID-19 cohort (30% vs. 10%, P =0.014).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Postoperative outcomes for elective spine surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic did not differ significantly from those observed in a matched cohort from 2018. The use of telemedicine and careful patient selection may have helped mitigate the potential negative effects of the pandemic on surgical outcomes. Further studies are needed to assess longer-term impacts and optimize care during future global crises.</p>","PeriodicalId":10457,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Spine Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"382-388"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147590449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Two-Handed Technique in Biportal Endoscopic Spine Surgery Using an Endoscopic Self-Retractor for Resection of Ossification of Ligamentum Flavum in Thoracic Spine.","authors":"Dong Hwa Heo, Ji Yeon Kim","doi":"10.1097/BSD.0000000000002110","DOIUrl":"10.1097/BSD.0000000000002110","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Study design: </strong>Technical note.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Biportal endoscopic spine surgery commonly employs a single-handed technique despite the presence of dual portals. An endoscopic self-retractor attached to the viewing trocar enables true bimanual manipulation. The adoption of this 2-handed technique enables safer, more effective resection of the thoracic ossification of the ligamentum flavum (OLF).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We describe the surgical method of the bimanual biportal endoscopic approach and its clinical application. A 74-year-old woman presented with bilateral leg weakness, radiating pain, and paresthesia. Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging revealed severe T11-T12 spinal cord compression due to OLF. She underwent decompression using the 2-handed biportal endoscopic technique. An endoscopic self-retractor mounted on the viewing portal trocar facilitated soft-tissue dissection and safe separation of the ossified ligamentum flavum (OLF) from the dura, enabling circumferential decompression through stepwise laminotomy, medial facetectomy, and controlled drilling under continuous saline irrigation. This technique allowed effective bilateral OLF removal while minimizing direct manipulation of the dura or spinal cord.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The use of an endoscopic self-retractor for 2-handed manipulation enhances surgical precision and facilitates safer, more effective OLF removal. This technique improves control and safety during complex thoracic decompression.</p>","PeriodicalId":10457,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Spine Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"368-373"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148762957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age-Specific Risk Factors and Time to New Vertebral Fractures After Percutaneous Vertebral Augmentation: Insights From a Retrospective Study.","authors":"Jing Peng, Shuizhen Peng, Fan Ding, Daixiang Jiang, Rongzhen Lin, Wei Chen, Qiang Li, Qingchu Li, Qinghao Zhao","doi":"10.1097/BSD.0000000000002036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/BSD.0000000000002036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Study design: </strong>Matched case-control study.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To identify age-specific risk factors and timing of new vertebral fractures following percutaneous vertebral augmentation (PVA) in patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCF).</p><p><strong>Summary of background data: </strong>Age is an established independent risk factor for vertebral re-fracture following PVA. However, current clinical guidelines treat the elderly as a homogenous group. It remains unclear whether the \"very elderly\" (80 y or older) exhibit distinct risk profiles compared with the general elderly, warranting age-stratified prevention strategies to optimize outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study analyzed OVCF patients undergoing PVA (January 2020 and January 2023). Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to assess time to new fractures between the elderly and very elderly groups. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression identified independent risk factors for new fractures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 1220 PVA patients, 75 eligible re-fracture cases, and 150 matched controls were analyzed. In the elderly group, 38 patients experienced new fractures at an average time of 25.72±9.29 months postsurgery, whereas in the very elderly group, 37 patients had fractures significantly earlier, at an average time of 11.49±7.59 months (P<0.001). Adjacent vertebral fractures were more common in the very elderly group (P<0.001), with a higher proportion of severe osteoporosis (T-score ≤-2.5) (P=0.009). Logistic regression identified thoracolumbar junction fractures and cement-endplate contact as key risk factors in the elderly group (P=0.01 and 0.003), while low bone density (P=0.006), cement leakage (P=0.029), and hypertension (P=0.017) were significant risk factors in the very elderly group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We identified significant differences in risk factors and fracture timing between age groups, with the very elderly showing a higher propensity for rapid re-fracture. Therefore, targeted prevention strategies are crucial for reducing fracture risk in both age groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":10457,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Spine Surgery","volume":"39 8","pages":"E395-E405"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149058995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Refracture and Morphologic Classification in Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures After Percutaneous Kyphoplasty: A Retrospective Observational Study.","authors":"Wenxiang Tang, Haifu Sun, Weiqiao Tu, Yanping Niu, Yuye Zhang, Tao Liu, Fanguo Lin","doi":"10.1097/BSD.0000000000001893","DOIUrl":"10.1097/BSD.0000000000001893","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Study design: </strong>This study is a clinical retrospective case-control study.</p><p><strong>Summary of background data: </strong>Percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) is a common treatment for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCF). It is effective in relieving pain and restoring vertebral height, but it can also lead to new compression fractures in other vertebrae.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate whether the type of OVCF affects the risk of refracture after PKP and to identify other risk factors for refracture.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study included 3676 patients with OVCF who had undergone PKP. They were divided into 2 groups: those who experienced refractures and those who did not. Fractures were classified into 4 types based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signals. The study used univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses to assess factors such as fracture type, gender, age, bone cement leakage, and Hounsfield-unit (HU) value.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 157 patients in the refracture group (type I, 51 cases; type II, 23 cases; type III, 44 cases; type IV, 39 cases). And 3,519 patients in the nonrefracture group (type I, 1464 cases; type II, 637 cases; type III, 1063 cases; type IV, 355 cases). Intra-group analysis showed that the distribution of type I and type IV fractures between the 2 groups was statistically different. The results of the multivariate analysis showed that the morphologic classification of fractures, age, gender, bone cement leakage, and HU values were independent risk factors for refracture after PKP.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The risk of refracture after PKP in patients with OVCF is influenced by the fracture type. Among the different types, type IV has the highest risk of refracture after PKP.</p>","PeriodicalId":10457,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Spine Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"E421-E427"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144752617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Cost-Driver Analysis of Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusions: A 10-Year Single-Center Analysis.","authors":"Heili Truumees, Minkyoung Yoo, Richard E Nelson, Emma Baker, Brian A Karamian","doi":"10.1097/BSD.0000000000002191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/BSD.0000000000002191","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Study design: </strong>Retrospective cohort.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To analyze costs (reimbursements herein \"cost\") of transforaminal lumbar interbody fusions (TLIF) over a 10-year period at a single academic center.</p><p><strong>Summary of background data: </strong>Lumbar fusions are responsible for some of the highest charges billed to payers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Three hundred seventy-six patients who underwent single-level TLIF between 2014 and 2024 were reviewed. Costs were obtained from the Value Driven Outcomes framework and stratified by category, including implants. Multivariable fixed-effects regression was used to identify independent predictors of total and implant costs, controlling for patient and procedural factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Implants accounted for the largest share of total TLIF cost, comprising 51% on average. Within implant costs, bone graft expenses were stable over time, with implant hardware accounting for most of the variability in cost. Expandable cages were associated with a 25% higher total cost (P=0.023) and a 42% higher implant cost (P=0.031) compared with static cages.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The primary driver of total cost for single-level TLIF was implant type, with expandable cages costing significantly more than static. Given this finding, the choice of implant may be a viable target for price reduction and optimizing value. Further studies are warranted to determine the impact of cage type on other outcomes.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level III.</p>","PeriodicalId":10457,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Spine Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149105191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Emergency Department Visits are a Predictor of Increased Health Care Utilization Within 1 Year After Elective Spine Surgery for Degenerative Pathologies.","authors":"Mark A Plantz, Jacob R Staub, Erik B Gerlach, Srikanth N Divi, Wellington K Hsu, Alpesh A Patel","doi":"10.1097/BSD.0000000000001870","DOIUrl":"10.1097/BSD.0000000000001870","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Study design: </strong>Retrospective cohort study.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The purpose of this study is to determine the incidence of and risk factors for emergency department (ED) utilization following elective spine surgery and to quantify health care utilization in this subpopulation of patients.</p><p><strong>Summary of background data: </strong>The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) imposes financial penalties for unplanned 30-day hospital readmissions following the surgery. Determining predictive factors of hospital readmission and further health care utilization is a concern aligned with the values of both payers and providers to better improve patient outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 618 patients who underwent elective spine surgery between 2013 and 2018 at a single academic institution were identified. Demographic and surgical variables were compared between patients with and without 90-day ED visits. After propensity score matching, univariate analysis and binary logistic regression were used to identify risk factors for 90-day ED visits and compare health care utilization between groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 618 included patients, 44 (7.1%) had a 90-day ED visit. Patients with ED visits were more likely to have class II obesity ( P =0.043), diabetes ( P =0.013), congestive heart failure ( P =0.006), and a history of myocardial infarction ( P =0.027). Independent risk factors were obesity, diabetes, congestive heart failure, history of myocardial infarction, and preoperative opioid use. Patients with a 90-day ED visit had increased health care utilization within 1 year postoperatively, including: more MRI studies ( P =0.044), repeat ED visits ( P =0.033), more urgent care visits ( P =0.007), and opioid prescriptions ( P =0.043).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While only ∼7% of patients visit the ED within 90 days of spine surgery, various patient-specific factors were predictive of this. As these patients are more likely to be high health care utilizers, attention should be garnered toward preoperative patient optimization.</p>","PeriodicalId":10457,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Spine Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"E375-E381"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144820708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Surgical Technique Guide for C1-2 Fixation By the Cervical Spine Research Society.","authors":"Marc Prablek, Ashel C Dsouza, Brian W Su, Lee A Tan","doi":"10.1097/BSD.0000000000002070","DOIUrl":"10.1097/BSD.0000000000002070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Summary of background data: </strong>Atlantoaxial (C1-2) instability, arising from etiologies such as trauma, rheumatoid arthritis, congenital anomalies, neoplasms, and degenerative conditions, has been addressed since the early 20th century. Initial treatments utilized suture-based fixation, followed by wire-based techniques that depended on the integrity of posterior elements. The introduction of transarticular screws in the 1980s enhanced stability, yet challenges persist, including risks of vertebral artery injury due to anomalous anatomy and technical difficulties with variable bony structures. This technical note provides a comprehensive guide for C1 lateral mass, C2 pars, pedicle, and translaminar screw placement, emphasizing preoperative CT angiography and imaging to enhance safety and adapt to anatomic variations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A step-by-step surgical technique is described for C1 lateral mass, C2 pars, pedicle, and translaminar screw placement, including patient positioning and joint exposure. Complication avoidance and management are detailed, supported by fluoroscopic guidance and optional navigation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Mastery of multiple C1-2 fixation techniques allows tailored approaches based on patient anatomy, minimizing risks such as vertebral artery injury while achieving high fusion rates (>94%) and patient satisfaction (>88%). Preoperative CT angiography in high-risk cases enhances safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":10457,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Spine Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"359-367"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147615888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Value of Artificial Intelligence in Predicting Perioperative Complications and Key Quality Metrics Following Elective Degenerative Spine Surgery: A Narrative Review of the Current Landscape.","authors":"Ayush Arora, Alekos A Theologis","doi":"10.1097/BSD.0000000000002101","DOIUrl":"10.1097/BSD.0000000000002101","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Study design: </strong>Narrative review.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To perform a review discussing current applications of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in the prediction of quality metrics in elective degenerative spinal surgeries.</p><p><strong>Summary of background data: </strong>A major barrier to the long-term effectiveness of elective spine surgery is the high incidence of perioperative complications. The use of AI and ML in the preoperative evaluation of elective spine surgery has been limited.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A literature review was performed to identify adults who underwent surgery for elective lumbar degenerative spinal pathology or deformity. Studies were stratified by cohort size, type of complications that the AI/ML models predicted, type of machine learning algorithm, and performance of AI/ML models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Included for analysis were 46 studies. The median study sample size to build and validate predictive models was 4538 (109-279,135). Models and associated AUCs are as follows: AUC 0.57-0.95 [extended length of stay (LOS), discharge disposition, and costs], AUC 0.59-0.95 (medical complications), and AUC 0.64-0.87 (short-term readmissions/reoperations).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The AI/ML models favored supervised learning algorithms and opened the possibility for additional development of unsupervised and reinforcement-based algorithms. Future models should utilize additional granular predictors such as the surgical invasiveness index, social support, and socioeconomic variables to enhance predictive capabilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":10457,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Spine Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"349-358"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148013919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is There Any Relationship Between Idiopathic Scoliosis and Pineal Gland, Pituitary Gland, and Brain Ventricles?","authors":"Fatma Yasemin Öksüzler, Mahmut Öksüzler, Sema Polat","doi":"10.1097/BSD.0000000000001886","DOIUrl":"10.1097/BSD.0000000000001886","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Study design: </strong>Retrospective cohort.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This paper aims to contribute to the determination of the possible factors that may be associated with idiopathic scoliosis (IS) by assessing the dimensions in the pineal and pituitary gland volumes, and brain ventricle morphometry.</p><p><strong>Summary of background data: </strong>The role of hormones in growth and development is known. Growth hormones and melatonin play a role in bone metabolism. Some studies have shown that hormones that play roles in growth and development and the glands that secrete these hormones may affect the formation of scoliosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 46 subjects with scoliosis and 52 healthy subjects aged between 18 and 46 years were included in the study. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure pineal and pituitary gland volumes and brain ventricles. Also, the Cobb angle was evaluated using X-rays to determine the severity of scoliosis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average Cobb angle in the IS group was 33.02±17.02 degrees. The mean volumes of the pineal and pituitary glands were 41.53±19.25 mm 3 , 215.15±82.39 mm 3 in IS, and 57.75±31.04 mm 3 and 284.90±96.90 mm 3 in healthy groups, respectively ( P <0.05). Frontal horn widths, fourth ventricle anteroposterior, and transverse diameters were lower in the IS group than in healthy subjects. There was a significant difference in 3 parameters, including the fourth ventricle anteroposterior, transverse diameter, and third ventricle width ( P <0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The differences in the dimensions of pineal, and pituitary glands may be an underlying cause of scoliosis or support a link with scoliosis. Although the values of the brain ventricles differed in both groups, more studies are needed to determine the relationship between the brain ventricles and scoliosis. Gaining insight into neuroendocrine influences on spine development or a comprehensive understanding of how these factors affect the risk and progression of scoliosis is of clinical importance, as it may lead to innovative preventive strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":10457,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Spine Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"E406-E414"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144648765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}