Surui Ai, Le Liu, Yuan Xue, Xiaoou Cheng, Meng Li, Qihong Deng
{"title":"Prenatal Exposure to Air Pollutants Associated with Allergic Diseases in Children: Which Pollutant, When Exposure, and What Disease? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","authors":"Surui Ai, Le Liu, Yuan Xue, Xiaoou Cheng, Meng Li, Qihong Deng","doi":"10.1007/s12016-024-08987-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12016-024-08987-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This systematic review aims to identify the association between prenatal exposure to air pollutants and allergic diseases in children, focusing on specific pollutants, timing of exposure, and associated diseases. We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science for English articles until May 1, 2023, examining maternal exposure to outdoor air pollutants (PM<sub>1</sub>, PM<sub>2.5</sub>, PM<sub>10</sub>, NO, NO<sub>2</sub>, SO<sub>2</sub>, CO, and O<sub>3</sub>) during pregnancy and child allergic diseases (atopic dermatitis (AD), food allergy (FA), asthma (AT) and allergic rhinitis (AR)/hay fever (HF)). The final 38 eligible studies were included in the meta-analysis. Exposure to PM<sub>2.5</sub> and NO<sub>2</sub> during pregnancy was associated with the risk of childhood AD, with pooled <i>ORs</i> of 1.34 (95% confidence interval <i>(CI)</i>, 1.10–1.63) and 1.10 (95%<i>CI</i>, 1.05–1.15) per 10 µg/m<sup>3</sup> increase, respectively. Maternal exposure to PM<sub>1</sub>, PM<sub>2.5</sub>, and NO<sub>2</sub> with a 10 µg/m<sup>3</sup> increase posed a risk for AT, with pooled <i>ORs</i> of 1.34 (95%<i>CI</i>, 1.17–1.54), 1.11 (95%<i>CI</i>, 1.05–1.18), and 1.07 (95%<i>CI</i>, 1.02–1.12), respectively. An increased risk of HF was observed for PM<sub>2.5</sub> and NO<sub>2</sub> with a 10 µg/m<sup>3</sup> increase, with <i>ORs</i> of 1.36 (95%<i>CI</i>, 1.17–1.58) and 1.26 (95%<i>CI</i>, 1.08–1.48), respectively. Traffic-related air pollutants (TRAP), particularly PM<sub>2.5</sub> and NO<sub>2</sub>, throughout pregnancy, pose a pervasive risk for childhood allergies. Different pollutants may induce diverse allergic diseases in children across varying perinatal periods. AT is more likely to be induced by outdoor air pollutants as a health outcome. More research is needed to explore links between air pollution and airway-derived food allergies.</p>","PeriodicalId":10423,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology","volume":"2013 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140624366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yi Wu, Qiwei Qian, Qiaoyan Liu, Rui Wang, Xiting Pu, Yao Li, Huayang Zhang, Zhengrui You, Qi Miao, Xiao Xiao, Min Lian, Qixia Wang, Minoru Nakamura, M Eric Gershwin, Zhiqiang Li, Xiong Ma, Ruqi Tang
{"title":"Osteoporosis and Primary Biliary Cholangitis: A Trans-ethnic Mendelian Randomization Analysis.","authors":"Yi Wu, Qiwei Qian, Qiaoyan Liu, Rui Wang, Xiting Pu, Yao Li, Huayang Zhang, Zhengrui You, Qi Miao, Xiao Xiao, Min Lian, Qixia Wang, Minoru Nakamura, M Eric Gershwin, Zhiqiang Li, Xiong Ma, Ruqi Tang","doi":"10.1007/s12016-024-08986-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12016-024-08986-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Osteoporosis is a major clinical problem in many autoimmune diseases, including primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), the most common autoimmune liver disease. Osteoporosis is a major cause of fracture and related mortality. However, it remains unclear whether PBC confers a causally risk-increasing effect on osteoporosis. Herein, we aimed to investigate the causal relationship between PBC and osteoporosis and whether the relationship is independent of potential confounders. We performed bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to investigate the association between PBC (8021 cases and 16,489 controls) and osteoporosis in Europeans (the UK Biobank and FinnGen Consortium: 12,787 cases and 726,996 controls). The direct effect of PBC on osteoporosis was estimated using multivariable MR analyses. An independent replication was conducted in East Asians (PBC: 2495 cases and 4283 controls; osteoporosis: 9794 cases and 168,932 controls). Trans-ethnic meta-analysis was performed by pooling the MR estimates of Europeans and East Asians. Inverse-variance weighted analyses revealed that genetic liability to PBC was associated with a higher risk of osteoporosis in Europeans (OR, 1.040; 95% CI, 1.016-1.064; P = 0.001). Furthermore, the causal effect of PBC on osteoporosis persisted after adjusting for BMI, calcium, lipidemic traits, and sex hormones. The causal relationship was further validated in the East Asians (OR, 1.059; 95% CI, 1.023-1.096; P = 0.001). Trans-ethnic meta-analysis confirmed that PBC conferred increased risk on osteoporosis (OR, 1.045; 95% CI, 1.025-1.067; P = 8.17 × 10<sup>-6</sup>). Our data supports a causal effect of PBC on osteoporosis, and the causality is independent of BMI, calcium, triglycerides, and several sex hormones.</p>","PeriodicalId":10423,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"138-148"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140329743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wai Sze Tong, Shanshan Li, Nicki Y H Leung, Wing Tak Wong, Ting Fan Leung, Patrick S C Leung, Ka Hou Chu, Christine Y Y Wai
{"title":"Shrimp Extract Exacerbates Allergic Immune Responses in Mice: Implications on Clinical Diagnosis of Shellfish Allergy.","authors":"Wai Sze Tong, Shanshan Li, Nicki Y H Leung, Wing Tak Wong, Ting Fan Leung, Patrick S C Leung, Ka Hou Chu, Christine Y Y Wai","doi":"10.1007/s12016-024-08994-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12016-024-08994-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tropomyosin has been identified as the major cross-reactive shellfish allergen, but recent studies showed the presence of other clinically relevant allergens. This study aims at determining the allergic immune responses of mice sensitized with raw and boiled shrimp extracts in comparison to recombinant tropomyosin (rTM). Female Balb/c mice were intragastrically sensitized and challenged with raw, boiled shrimp or rTM. Systemic, cellular and humoral allergic responses were compared, while allergenicity of the extracts was also compared by skin prick test (SPT) and immunoblot on shrimp allergic subjects. We showed that rTM and shrimp extracts induced IgE- and Th2-mediated allergic responses in mice, distinguished by remarkable intestinal inflammation in small intestine across all regimens. Notably, boiled shrimp extract exhibited the highest sensitization rate (73.7% of mice developed positive TM-specific IgE response) when compared with raw extract (47.8%) and rTM (34.8%). Mice sensitized with boiled extract manifested the highest allergen-specific IgE and Th2 cytokine responses than the others. Immunoblot results indicated that tropomyosin remained the major allergen in extract-based sensitization and had stronger allergenicity in a heat-treated form comparing to untreated TM, which was in line with the SPT results that boiled extract induced larger wheal size in patients. Hemocyanin and glycogen phosphorylase were also identified as minor allergens associated with manifestation of shrimp allergy. This study shows that boiled extract enhanced sensitization and Th2 responses in agreement with the higher allergenicity of heat-treated TM. This study thus presents three shrimp allergy murine models suitable for mechanistic and intervention studies, and in vivo evidence implies higher effectiveness of boiled extract for the clinical diagnosis of shellfish allergy.</p>","PeriodicalId":10423,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"250-259"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11193834/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141075746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elisabetta L T De Felice, Gabriel F Toti, Beatrice Gatti, Renato Gualtieri, Pietro Camozzi, Sebastiano A G Lava, Gregorio P Milani, Giorgio Treglia, Federica Vanoni, Mario G Bianchetti, Gianmaria F Bernasconi, Benedetta Terziroli Beretta Piccoli, Camilla Lavagno
{"title":"Acute Aseptic Meningitis Temporally Associated with Intravenous Polyclonal Immunoglobulin Therapy: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Elisabetta L T De Felice, Gabriel F Toti, Beatrice Gatti, Renato Gualtieri, Pietro Camozzi, Sebastiano A G Lava, Gregorio P Milani, Giorgio Treglia, Federica Vanoni, Mario G Bianchetti, Gianmaria F Bernasconi, Benedetta Terziroli Beretta Piccoli, Camilla Lavagno","doi":"10.1007/s12016-024-08989-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12016-024-08989-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An acute aseptic meningitis has been occasionally observed on intravenous polyclonal human immunoglobulin therapy. Since case reports cannot be employed to draw inferences about the relationships between immunoglobulin therapy and meningitis, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature. Eligible were cases, case series, and pharmacovigilance studies. We found 71 individually documented cases (36 individuals ≤ 18 years of age) of meningitis. Ninety percent of cases presented ≤ 3 days after initiating immunoglobulin therapy and recovered within ≤ 7 days (with a shorter disease duration in children: ≤ 3 days in 29 (94%) cases). In 22 (31%) instances, the authors noted a link between the onset of meningitis and a rapid intravenous infusion of immunoglobulins. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed a predominantly neutrophilic (N = 46, 66%) pleocytosis. Recurrences after re-exposure were observed in eight (N = 11%) patients. Eight case series addressed the prevalence of meningitis in 4089 patients treated with immunoglobulins. A pooled prevalence of 0.6% was noted. Finally, pharmacovigilance data revealed that meningitis temporally associated with intravenous immunoglobulin therapy occurred with at least five different products. In conclusion, intravenous immunoglobulin may cause an acute aseptic meningitis. The clinical features remit rapidly after discontinuing the medication.</p>","PeriodicalId":10423,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"241-249"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11193830/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140911724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis of Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DReSS) in Children: A Scoping Review","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s12016-024-08983-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12016-024-08983-7","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Abstract</h3> <p>Effective treatment of drug reactions with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DReSS) requires early diagnosis and close monitoring. Diagnosing DReSS is especially challenging in children due to a low incidence rate, heterogeneous clinical presentation, and a lack of (pediatric) diagnostic criteria and clinical practice guidelines. We performed a scoping review, according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, to summarize the clinical presentation and diagnostic process of DReSS in children (aged 0–18 years). Data from 644 individuals showed that DReSS manifests differently in children compared to adults. Children have a higher number of organs involved, including higher rates of cardiac and respiratory involvement compared to adults. Children < 6 years of age appear more prone to develop neurologic symptoms. Conversely, eosinophilia, edema, and kidney involvement are less frequently observed in children. Anti-seizure medications are by far the most common causative drug class, but the range of implicated drugs increases as children get older. This study highlights that children with DReSS not only differ from adults but also that differences exist between children of different ages. As such, there is a need to establish pediatric-specific diagnostic criteria. These efforts will promote earlier diagnosis of DReSS and likely lead to improved clinical care offered to children and their families.</p>","PeriodicalId":10423,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology","volume":"167 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140098988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daniel Elieh-Ali-Komi, Ilze Bot, Mónica Rodríguez-González, Marcus Maurer
{"title":"Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Mast Cells in Atherosclerotic Plaque Progression and Destabilization.","authors":"Daniel Elieh-Ali-Komi, Ilze Bot, Mónica Rodríguez-González, Marcus Maurer","doi":"10.1007/s12016-024-08981-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12016-024-08981-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mast cells (MCs) are commonly recognized for their crucial involvement in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases, but over time, it has come to light that they also play a role in the pathophysiology of non-allergic disorders including atherosclerosis. The involvement of MCs in the pathology of atherosclerosis is supported by their accumulation in atherosclerotic plaques upon their progression and the association of intraplaque MC numbers with acute cardiovascular events. MCs that accumulate within the atherosclerotic plaque release a cocktail of mediators through which they contribute to neovascularization, plaque progression, instability, erosion, rupture, and thrombosis. At a molecular level, MC-released proteases, especially cathepsin G, degrade low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and mediate LDL fusion and binding of LDL to proteoglycans (PGs). Through a complicated network of chemokines including CXCL1, MCs promote the recruitment of among others CXCR2<sup>+</sup> neutrophils, therefore, aggravating the inflammation of the plaque environment. Additionally, MCs produce extracellular traps which worsen inflammation and contribute to atherothrombosis. Altogether, evidence suggests that MCs actively, via several underlying mechanisms, contribute to atherosclerotic plaque destabilization and acute cardiovascular syndromes, thus, making the study of interventions to modulate MC activation an interesting target for cardiovascular medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":10423,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"30-49"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10973084/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139575411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rodolfo Pessato Timóteo, Yago Marcos Pessoa-Gonçalves, José Rodrigues do Carmo Neto, Wellington Francisco Rodrigues, Marcos Vinícius da Silva, Carlo José Freire Oliveira
{"title":"A Global View of Pemphigus: Geographical Variations.","authors":"Rodolfo Pessato Timóteo, Yago Marcos Pessoa-Gonçalves, José Rodrigues do Carmo Neto, Wellington Francisco Rodrigues, Marcos Vinícius da Silva, Carlo José Freire Oliveira","doi":"10.1007/s12016-024-08980-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12016-024-08980-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pemphigus, an autoimmune intraepidermal bullous disease group with roughly eight distinct forms, includes pemphigus vulgaris (PV) and pemphigus foliaceus (PF) as its predominant global forms. Despite the increased utilization of global health records and reporting systems, epidemiological data remain limited and poorly categorized. Therefore, this study aimed to conduct a review to track, identify, and characterize cases of PV and PF published and categorized worldwide. A research question was formulated; studies were selected based on the inclusion criteria; and data from these publications were systematically collected, summarized, and presented using narrative descriptions. The search strategy yielded 3,212 articles, of which 95 underwent critical analysis and data extraction. Studies from 52 countries contributed to the dataset, covering various pemphigus variants. Notably, only two countries, Iran (18.87%) and South Korea (11.43%), accounted for approximately a third of the reported PV cases, while Brazil contributed 40.25% of the foliaceus variants cases documented in the literature. These findings offer valuable insights into the global distribution of pemphigus and inform future research and healthcare efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":10423,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"14-29"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139575380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Advancing Understanding of Childhood Asthma: Lessons Learned from Birth Cohort Studies.","authors":"Yuhan Xing, Xinmeng Yang, Zhaoyinqian Li, Qiyuan Zou, Ping Yang, Qinzheng Wang, Wei Ni, Dongze Wu, Guoju Li","doi":"10.1007/s12016-024-08979-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12016-024-08979-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Asthma and allergies are some of the most common chronic disorders affecting children, the prevalence of which has been increasing in countries and regions undergoing rapid development like China. To curb the rising tide of allergies and safeguard the health of future generations, it is of critical importance to understand how asthma inception is influenced by factors acting at different life stages. Birth cohorts represent a powerful tool to investigate the temporal sequence of exposures along the natural course of asthma. We examined recent evidence on birth cohort studies of asthma and allergic diseases and evaluated their strengths and weaknesses. Essential elements for a successful birth cohort are proposed to further elucidate asthma etiology and pathogenies. Initiating new cohorts in understudied populations with the application of advanced analytical approaches will be needed. Moreover, fostering collaborative networks using standardized methodologies should be prioritized to enable integration of findings across diverse cohorts. There remains an urgent and unmet need to further translate the seminal findings from asthma birth cohort studies into targeted primary prevention strategies to eradicate the disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":10423,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"50-63"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139697072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qian Wang, Delong Feng, Sujie Jia, Qianjin Lu, Ming Zhao
{"title":"B-Cell Receptor Repertoire: Recent Advances in Autoimmune Diseases.","authors":"Qian Wang, Delong Feng, Sujie Jia, Qianjin Lu, Ming Zhao","doi":"10.1007/s12016-024-08984-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12016-024-08984-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the field of contemporary medicine, autoimmune diseases (AIDs) are a prevalent and debilitating group of illnesses. However, they present extensive and profound challenges in terms of etiology, pathogenesis, and treatment. A major reason for this is the elusive pathophysiological mechanisms driving disease onset. Increasing evidence suggests the indispensable role of B cells in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Interestingly, B-cell receptor (BCR) repertoires in autoimmune diseases display a distinct skewing that can provide insights into disease pathogenesis. Over the past few years, advances in high-throughput sequencing have provided powerful tools for analyzing B-cell repertoire to understand the mechanisms during the period of B-cell immune response. In this paper, we have provided an overview of the mechanisms and analytical methods for generating BCR repertoire diversity and summarize the latest research progress on BCR repertoire in autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS), multiple sclerosis (MS), and type 1 diabetes (T1D). Overall, B-cell repertoire analysis is a potent tool to understand the involvement of B cells in autoimmune diseases, facilitating the creation of innovative therapeutic strategies targeting specific B-cell clones or subsets.</p>","PeriodicalId":10423,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"76-98"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140064953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rajni Kumrah, Taru Goyal, Amit Rawat, Surjit Singh
{"title":"Markers of Endothelial Dysfunction in Kawasaki Disease: An Update.","authors":"Rajni Kumrah, Taru Goyal, Amit Rawat, Surjit Singh","doi":"10.1007/s12016-024-08985-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12016-024-08985-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Kawasaki disease (KD) is a medium vessel vasculitis that has a special predilection for coronary arteries. Cardiovascular complications include the development of coronary artery abnormalities (CAAs) and myocarditis. Endothelial dysfunction (ED) is now recognized to be a key component in the pathogenesis of KD and is believed to contribute to the development of CAAs. ED has been evaluated by several clinical parameters. However, there is paucity of literature on laboratory markers for ED in KD. The evaluation of ED can be aided by the identification of biomarkers such as oxidative stress markers, circulating cells and their progenitors, angiogenesis factors, cytokines, chemokines, cell-adhesion molecules, and adipokines. If validated in multicentric studies, these biomarkers may be useful for monitoring the disease course of KD. They may also provide a useful predictive marker for the development of premature atherosclerosis that is often a concern during long-term follow-up of KD. This review provides insights into the current understanding of the significance of ED in KD.</p>","PeriodicalId":10423,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology","volume":" ","pages":"99-111"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140093526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}