Aberrant Activation of Mast Cells: Molecular Mechanisms and Targets for Intervention.

IF 8.4 2区 医学 Q1 ALLERGY
Jinghao Wen, Zehao Lan, Liting He, Hai Long
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Mast cells play a key role in innate immunity by mediating host defense and maintaining tissue balance. They achieve this through the controlled release of bioactive mediators such as histamine, heparin, leukotrienes, and prostaglandin D2. Their functional diversity is enabled by multiple receptor systems that coordinate differentiation, maturation, and degranulation processes through tissue-specific microenvironmental signals. Pathological activation through allergen exposure or intrinsic regulatory dysfunction contributes to various disorders, ranging from allergic conditions to autoimmune diseases and chronic inflammatory states. Current anti-mast cell therapies have expanded from broad-spectrum antihistamines to more precise treatments targeting IgE or its surface receptors expressed on mast cells. Emerging insights into activation mechanisms of mast cells, particularly structural and functional characterization of critical receptors, have accelerated the development of novel therapeutic interventions. This review discusses the advances in molecular mechanisms of mast cell activation and summarizes how these findings redefine our understanding of disease progression and emerging therapeutic targets.

肥大细胞异常活化:分子机制和干预靶点。
肥大细胞通过介导宿主防御和维持组织平衡在先天免疫中发挥关键作用。它们通过控制生物活性介质如组胺、肝素、白三烯和前列腺素D2的释放来实现这一目标。它们的功能多样性是由多个受体系统实现的,这些受体系统通过组织特异性微环境信号协调分化、成熟和脱粒过程。通过过敏原暴露或内在调节功能障碍引起的病理激活有助于各种疾病,从过敏性疾病到自身免疫性疾病和慢性炎症状态。目前的抗肥大细胞治疗已经从广谱抗组胺药扩展到针对肥大细胞上表达的IgE或其表面受体的更精确的治疗。对肥大细胞激活机制的新见解,特别是关键受体的结构和功能特征,加速了新型治疗干预措施的发展。这篇综述讨论了肥大细胞活化的分子机制的进展,并总结了这些发现如何重新定义我们对疾病进展和新兴治疗靶点的理解。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
22.30
自引率
1.10%
发文量
58
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology is a scholarly journal that focuses on the advancement of clinical management in allergic and immunologic diseases. The journal publishes both scholarly reviews and experimental papers that address the current state of managing these diseases, placing new data into perspective. Each issue of the journal is dedicated to a specific theme of critical importance to allergists and immunologists, aiming to provide a comprehensive understanding of the subject matter for a wide readership. The journal is particularly helpful in explaining how novel data impacts clinical management, along with advancements such as standardized protocols for allergy skin testing and challenge procedures, as well as improved understanding of cell biology. Ultimately, the journal aims to contribute to the improvement of care and management for patients with immune-mediated diseases.
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