Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology最新文献

Neutrophils in Atopic Dermatitis

IF 9.1 2区医学

Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-024-09004-3

Chih-Chao Chiang, Wei-Jen Cheng, Joseph Renz Marion Santiago Dela Cruz, Thiyagarajan Raviraj, Nan-Lin Wu, Michal Korinek, Tsong-Long Hwang

{"title":"Neutrophils in Atopic Dermatitis","authors":"Chih-Chao Chiang, Wei-Jen Cheng, Joseph Renz Marion Santiago Dela Cruz, Thiyagarajan Raviraj, Nan-Lin Wu, Michal Korinek, Tsong-Long Hwang","doi":"10.1007/s12016-024-09004-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12016-024-09004-3","url":null,"abstract":"Neutrophils have a critical role in inflammation. Recent studies have identified their distinctive presence in certain types of atopic dermatitis (AD), yet their exact function remains unclear. This review aims to compile studies elucidating the role of neutrophils in AD pathophysiology. Proteins released by neutrophils, including myeloperoxidase, elastase, and lipocalin, contribute to pruritus progression in AD. Neutrophilic oxidative stress and the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps may further worsen AD. Elevated neutrophil elastase and high-mobility group box 1 protein expression in AD patients' skin exacerbates epidermal barrier defects. Neutrophil-mast cell interactions in allergic inflammation steer the immunological response toward Th2 imbalance and activate the Th17 pathway, particularly in response to allergens or infections linked to AD. Notably, drugs alleviating pruritic symptoms in AD inhibit neutrophilic inflammation. In conclusion, these findings underscore that neutrophils may be therapeutic targets for AD symptoms, emphasizing their inclusion in AD treatment strategies.","PeriodicalId":10423,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142255433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Allergen Testing: A Review of the Indications, Procedures, and Limitations in Ocular Allergy

IF 9.1 2区医学

Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology Pub Date : 2024-09-14 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-024-09002-5

Anahita Kate, Swapna S. Shanbhag, Jyothirmai Gattu, Sayan Basu

{"title":"Allergen Testing: A Review of the Indications, Procedures, and Limitations in Ocular Allergy","authors":"Anahita Kate, Swapna S. Shanbhag, Jyothirmai Gattu, Sayan Basu","doi":"10.1007/s12016-024-09002-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12016-024-09002-5","url":null,"abstract":"Allergen-based diagnostics are essential in the management algorithm of allergic diseases. Unlike systemic allergy, where the indications and interpretation of these diagnostic modalities are well established, their utility in ocular allergy is not well-defined. With the rising prevalence of ocular allergies and the need for personalized treatment strategies, there is a growing demand for precision allergen diagnostics. This review describes the commonly used tests with their indications, procedures, and limitations. A review of the literature was carried out on articles on allergen diagnostics in ocular allergy, and after excluding articles that were not relevant, 82 papers were included in the current review. IgE-mediated pathways contribute significantly to seasonal and perennial ocular allergy and partly to vernal keratoconjunctivitis. Most diagnostic techniques aim to detect IgE sensitization. In vivo tests include skin prick (SPT), intradermal, and patch tests. SPT is considered the gold standard and directly evaluates the presence of allergen-specific IgE in the skin. In vitro tests measure total and specific IgE from either tears or sera. Tear IgE measurement is relatively specific for allergic conjunctivitis and can provide insight into the potential allergens responsible for local sensitization. The conjunctival provocation test can help establish true allergy, especially in patients with polysensitization. This review also provides an overview of evidence in literature segregated based on the test employed. This includes 17 studies on only SPT; 42 studies on IgE measured in serum, tears, or both; and 20 studies which have evaluated both SPT and IgE. The pattern of allergen sensitization can guide recommendations for avoidance measures and immunotherapy. Thus, this could create a corticosteroid-sparing therapy avenue in these patients, reducing disease severity and resulting visual morbidity.","PeriodicalId":10423,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142255434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Methylation of T and B Lymphocytes in Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases. 自身免疫性风湿病中 T 淋巴细胞和 B 淋巴细胞的甲基化。

IF 8.4 2区医学

Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology Pub Date : 2024-08-29 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-024-09003-4

Tiantian Deng, Zihan Wang, Qishun Geng, Zhaoran Wang, Yi Jiao, Wenya Diao, Jiahe Xu, Tingting Deng, Jing Luo, Qingwen Tao, Cheng Xiao

{"title":"Methylation of T and B Lymphocytes in Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases.","authors":"Tiantian Deng, Zihan Wang, Qishun Geng, Zhaoran Wang, Yi Jiao, Wenya Diao, Jiahe Xu, Tingting Deng, Jing Luo, Qingwen Tao, Cheng Xiao","doi":"10.1007/s12016-024-09003-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12016-024-09003-4","url":null,"abstract":"The role of abnormal epigenetic modifications, particularly DNA methylation, in the pathogenesis of autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARDs) has garnered increasing attention. Lymphocyte dysfunction is a significant contributor to the pathogenesis of ARDs. Methylation is crucial for maintaining normal immune system function, and aberrant methylation can hinder lymphocyte differentiation, resulting in functional abnormalities that disrupt immune tolerance, leading to the excessive expression of inflammatory cytokines, thereby exacerbating the onset and progression of ARDs. Recent studies suggest that methylation-related factors have the potential to serve as biomarkers for monitoring the activity of ARDs. This review summarizes the current state of research on the impact of DNA and RNA methylation on the development, differentiation, and function of T and B cells and examines the progress of these epigenetic modifications in studies of six specific ARDs: systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren's syndrome, systemic sclerosis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis. Additionally, we propose that exploring the interplay between RNA methylation and DNA methylation may represent a novel direction for understanding the pathogenesis of ARDs and developing novel treatment strategies.","PeriodicalId":10423,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142104955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Single-Cell Sequencing: High-Resolution Analysis of Cellular Heterogeneity in Autoimmune Diseases. 单细胞测序：高分辨率分析自身免疫性疾病的细胞异质性。

IF 8.4 2区医学

Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology Pub Date : 2024-08-26 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-024-09001-6

Xuening Tang, Yudi Zhang, Hao Zhang, Nan Zhang, Ziyu Dai, Quan Cheng, Yongzhen Li

{"title":"Single-Cell Sequencing: High-Resolution Analysis of Cellular Heterogeneity in Autoimmune Diseases.","authors":"Xuening Tang, Yudi Zhang, Hao Zhang, Nan Zhang, Ziyu Dai, Quan Cheng, Yongzhen Li","doi":"10.1007/s12016-024-09001-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12016-024-09001-6","url":null,"abstract":"Autoimmune diseases (AIDs) are complex in etiology and diverse in classification but clinically show similar symptoms such as joint pain and skin problems. As a result, the diagnosis is challenging, and usually, only broad treatments can be available. Consequently, the clinical responses in patients with different types of AIDs are unsatisfactory. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct more research to figure out the pathogenesis and therapeutic targets of AIDs. This requires research technologies with strong extraction and prediction capabilities. Single-cell sequencing technology analyses the genomic, epigenomic, or transcriptomic information at the single-cell level. It can define different cell types and states in greater detail, further revealing the molecular mechanisms that drive disease progression. These advantages enable cell biology research to achieve an unprecedented resolution and scale, bringing a whole new vision to life science research. In recent years, single-cell technology especially single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has been widely used in various disease research. In this paper, we present the innovations and applications of single-cell sequencing in the medical field and focus on the application contributing to the differential diagnosis and precise treatment of AIDs. Despite some limitations, single-cell sequencing has a wide range of applications in AIDs. We finally present a prospect for the development of single-cell sequencing. These ideas may provide some inspiration for subsequent research.","PeriodicalId":10423,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142055127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fungal Head and Neck Dermatitis: Current Understanding and Management. 真菌性头颈部皮炎：当前的认识和管理。

IF 8.4 2区医学

Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology Pub Date : 2024-07-20 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-024-09000-7

Albert C Chong, Francisco José Navarro-Triviño, Malcolm Su, Chang Ook Park

{"title":"Fungal Head and Neck Dermatitis: Current Understanding and Management.","authors":"Albert C Chong, Francisco José Navarro-Triviño, Malcolm Su, Chang Ook Park","doi":"10.1007/s12016-024-09000-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12016-024-09000-7","url":null,"abstract":"Head and neck dermatitis (HND) is a form of atopic dermatitis (AD) that affects the seborrheic areas of the body and causes greater quality of life detriments than other types of AD. HND can be challenging to treat since first-line topical therapies may be ineffective or intolerable for long-term use on areas affected by HND while dupilumab may cause dupilumab-associated HND (DAHND). Current evidence implicates fungi, particularly Malassezia spp., in the pathogenesis of HND. Penetration of fungal antigens through the defective AD skin barrier activates the innate and adaptive immune systems to cause cutaneous inflammation via the T helper (Th)17 and/or Th2 axes. Malassezia sensitization may distinguish HND from other forms of AD. Multiple double-blind, placebo-controlled trials have shown antifungals to benefit HND, yet the persistence of symptom relief with sustained use remains unclear. Oral antifungals appear more effective than topical antifungals but may be harmful with long-term use. DAHND may also be fungal-mediated given improvement with antifungals and evidence of an overactive immune response against Malassezia in these patients. Janus kinase inhibitors are effective for HND, including DAHND, but may cause significant side effects when administered systemically. OX40/OX40L inhibitors and tralokinumab may be promising options for HND on the horizon. Demographic and environmental factors influence the host mycobiome and should be considered in future precision-medicine approaches as microbiome composition and diversity are linked to severity of HND.","PeriodicalId":10423,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141731055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

CAR-NKT Cells in Asthma: Use of NKT as a Promising Cell for CAR Therapy. CAR-NKT 细胞在哮喘中的应用：将 NKT 作为 CAR 疗法的一种前景看好的细胞。

IF 8.4 2区医学

Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology Pub Date : 2024-07-12 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-024-08998-0

Mohadeseh Mohammad Taheri, Fatemeh Javan, Mohadeseh Poudineh, Seyyed Shamsadin Athari

{"title":"CAR-NKT Cells in Asthma: Use of NKT as a Promising Cell for CAR Therapy.","authors":"Mohadeseh Mohammad Taheri, Fatemeh Javan, Mohadeseh Poudineh, Seyyed Shamsadin Athari","doi":"10.1007/s12016-024-08998-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12016-024-08998-0","url":null,"abstract":"NKT cells, unique lymphocytes bridging innate and adaptive immunity, offer significant potential for managing inflammatory disorders like asthma. Activating iNKT induces increasing IFN-γ, TGF-β, IL-2, and IL-10 potentially suppressing allergic asthma. However, their immunomodulatory effects, including granzyme-perforin-mediated cytotoxicity, and expression of TIM-3 and TRAIL warrant careful consideration and targeted approaches. Although CAR-T cell therapy has achieved remarkable success in treating certain cancers, its limitations necessitate exploring alternative approaches. In this context, CAR-NKT cells emerge as a promising approach for overcoming these challenges, potentially achieving safer and more effective immunotherapies. Strategies involve targeting distinct IgE-receptors and their interactions with CAR-NKT cells, potentially disrupting allergen-mast cell/basophil interactions and preventing inflammatory cytokine release. Additionally, targeting immune checkpoints like PDL-2, inducible ICOS, FASL, CTLA-4, and CD137 or dectin-1 for fungal asthma could further modulate immune responses. Furthermore, artificial intelligence and machine learning hold immense promise for revolutionizing NKT cell-based asthma therapy. AI can optimize CAR-NKT cell functionalities, design personalized treatment strategies, and unlock a future of precise and effective care. This review discusses various approaches to enhancing CAR-NKT cell efficacy and longevity, along with the challenges and opportunities they present in the treatment of allergic asthma.","PeriodicalId":10423,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141589794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Gut-Derived Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Macrophage Modulation: Exploring Therapeutic Potentials in Pulmonary Fungal Infections. 肠道衍生短链脂肪酸与巨噬细胞调节：探索肺部真菌感染的治疗潜力。

IF 8.4 2区医学

Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology Pub Date : 2024-07-05 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-024-08999-z

Qian Xie, Qinhui Li, Hong Fang, Rong Zhang, Huan Tang, Lin Chen

引用次数: 0

Atopic Dermatitis and Psoriasis: Similarities and Differences in Metabolism and Microbiome. 特应性皮炎和银屑病：新陈代谢和微生物组的异同。

IF 8.4 2区医学

Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-024-08995-3

Yihui Chen, Cong Peng, Lei Zhu, Jiayi Wang, Qiaozhi Cao, Xiang Chen, Jie Li

{"title":"Atopic Dermatitis and Psoriasis: Similarities and Differences in Metabolism and Microbiome.","authors":"Yihui Chen, Cong Peng, Lei Zhu, Jiayi Wang, Qiaozhi Cao, Xiang Chen, Jie Li","doi":"10.1007/s12016-024-08995-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12016-024-08995-3","url":null,"abstract":"Atopic dermatitis and psoriasis are common chronic inflammatory diseases of high incidence that share some clinical features, including symptoms of pruritus and pain, scaly lesions, and histologically, acanthosis and hyperkeratosis. Meanwhile, they are both commonly comorbid with metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes, indicating that both diseases may exist with significant metabolic disturbances. Metabolomics reveals that both atopic dermatitis and psoriasis have abnormalities in a variety of metabolites, including lipids, amino acids, and glucose. Meanwhile, recent studies have highlighted the importance of the microbiome and its metabolites in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. Metabolic alterations and microbiome dysbiosis can also affect the immune, inflammatory, and epidermal barrier, thereby influencing the development of atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. Focusing on the metabolic and microbiome levels, this review is devoted to elaborating the similarities and differences between atopic dermatitis and psoriasis, thus providing insights into the intricate relationship between both conditions.","PeriodicalId":10423,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141491147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fibroblast: A Novel Target for Autoimmune and Inflammatory Skin Diseases Therapeutics. 成纤维细胞：自身免疫性和炎症性皮肤病治疗的新靶点。

IF 8.4 2区医学

Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology Pub Date : 2024-06-28 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-024-08997-1

Xiaoyun Chen, Yutong Wu, Sujie Jia, Ming Zhao

{"title":"Fibroblast: A Novel Target for Autoimmune and Inflammatory Skin Diseases Therapeutics.","authors":"Xiaoyun Chen, Yutong Wu, Sujie Jia, Ming Zhao","doi":"10.1007/s12016-024-08997-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12016-024-08997-1","url":null,"abstract":"Fibroblasts are crucial components of the skin structure. They were traditionally believed to maintain the skin's structure by producing extracellular matrix and other elements. Recent research illuminated that fibroblasts can respond to external stimuli and exhibit diverse functions, such as the secretion of pro-inflammatory factors, adipogenesis, and antigen presentation, exhibiting remarkable heterogeneity and plasticity. This revelation positions fibroblasts as active contributors to the pathogenesis of skin diseases, challenging the traditional perspective that views fibroblasts solely as structural entities. Based on their diverse functions, fibroblasts can be categorized into six subtypes: pro-inflammatory fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, adipogenic fibroblasts, angiogenic fibroblasts, mesenchymal fibroblasts, and antigen-presenting fibroblasts. Cytokines, metabolism, and epigenetics regulate functional abnormalities in fibroblasts. The dynamic changes fibroblasts exhibit in different diseases and disease states warrant a comprehensive discussion. We focus on dermal fibroblasts' aberrant manifestations and pivotal roles in inflammatory and autoimmune skin diseases, including psoriasis, vitiligo, lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, and atopic dermatitis, and propose targeting aberrantly activated fibroblasts as a potential therapeutic strategy for inflammatory and autoimmune skin diseases.","PeriodicalId":10423,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141466667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Down Syndrome and Autoimmune Disease. 唐氏综合症与自身免疫性疾病。

IF 8.4 2区医学

Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology Pub Date : 2024-06-24 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-024-08996-2

Brian Hom, Natalie K Boyd, Benjamin N Vogel, Nicole Nishimori, Mellad M Khoshnood, Saba Jafarpour, Deepti Nagesh, Jonathan D Santoro

{"title":"Down Syndrome and Autoimmune Disease.","authors":"Brian Hom, Natalie K Boyd, Benjamin N Vogel, Nicole Nishimori, Mellad M Khoshnood, Saba Jafarpour, Deepti Nagesh, Jonathan D Santoro","doi":"10.1007/s12016-024-08996-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12016-024-08996-2","url":null,"abstract":"Down syndrome is the most common genetic cause of intellectual disability and has previously been associated with a variety of autoimmune disorders affecting multiple organ systems. The high prevalence of autoimmune disease, in conjunction with other inflammatory and infectious diseases, in this population suggests an intrinsic immune dysregulation associated with triplication of chromosome 21. Emerging data on the role of chromosome 21 in interferon activation, cytokine production, and activation of B-cell mediated autoimmunity are emerging hypotheses that may explain the elevated prevalence of autoimmune thyroid disease, celiac disease, type I diabetes, autoimmune skin disease, and a variety of autoimmune neurologic conditions. As the life expectancy for individuals with Down syndrome increases, knowledge of the epidemiology, clinical features, management and underlying causes of these conditions will become increasingly important. Disorders such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis are prevalent in between 13 and 34% of individuals with Down syndrome but only 3% of the neurotypical population, a pattern similarly recognized in individuals with Celiac Disease (5.8% v 0.5-2%), alopecia areata (27.7% v. 2%), and vitiligo (4.4% v. 0.05-1.55%), respectively. Given the chronicity of autoimmune conditions, early identification and management can significantly impact the quality of life of individuals with Down syndrome. This comprehensive review will highlight common clinical autoimmune conditions observed in individuals with Down syndrome and explore our current understanding of the mechanisms of disease in this population.","PeriodicalId":10423,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141442211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0