Chinese Journal of Physics最新文献

{"title":"Path multiplicity in regular ring lattices","authors":"Yu Dong ,&nbsp;Ye Deng ,&nbsp;Yu Xiao ,&nbsp;Jun Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.cjph.2025.07.033","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjph.2025.07.033","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Regular ring lattices have attracted significant attention in the complex network field due to their structured connectivity and their role as foundational models for studying network properties like clustering, robustness, and the transition to small-world characteristics. However, path multiplicity, defined as the number of shortest paths connecting pairs of nodes, has been largely overlooked in such networks. Here, we thoroughly discuss the path multiplicity between any node pair, as well as the average across all pairs, within regular ring lattices using analytical and simulation methods. We analytically derive the number of shortest paths between two nodes and analyze the corresponding distribution numerically. Our findings reveal notable variations in the shape and range of the distribution with varying coordinate number <span><math><mi>K</mi></math></span>. We also examine the dependence of the average path multiplicity on <span><math><mi>K</mi></math></span> and network size <span><math><mi>N</mi></math></span>. Our results suggest that, for fixed <span><math><mi>N</mi></math></span>, the average path multiplicity follows a unimodal pattern with intrinsic fluctuations as <span><math><mi>K</mi></math></span> increases, which is well captured by a Gaussian fit. Furthermore, for fixed <span><math><mi>K</mi></math></span>, the average path multiplicity increases exponentially with <span><math><mi>N</mi></math></span>. This study enhances the understanding of path multiplicity in regular ring lattices and has potential applications in the design of fault-tolerant communication networks and distributed algorithms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10340,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Physics","volume":"97 ","pages":"Pages 961-968"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144829516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bit error rate and average capacity of vortex gamma beams propagating in anisotropic non-Kolmogorov atmospheric turbulence with anisotropic tilt angle","authors":"Chao Zhai,&nbsp;Shuaihua Li","doi":"10.1016/j.cjph.2025.07.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjph.2025.07.022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, there has been significant interest in free space optical (FSO) communications, particularly through the use of various vortex beams, due to their ability to offer low bit error rate (BER) and high channel capacity. Current anisotropic non-Kolmogorov (ANK) turbulence models mostly assume that the long axis of turbulence cells is parallel to the ground. Nevertheless, recent experimental findings by Beason et al. and Wang et al. have demonstrated that these turbulence cells can exhibit an anisotropic tilt angle, which means that the long axis of turbulence cells is not always parallel to the ground but instead forms a specific angle with it. This study investigates a new type of vortex beam known as the gamma beam and its application in FSO communications. For the first time, it provides a comprehensive analysis of the average capacity and BER of the orbital angular momentum (OAM) channels for a gamma beam transmission through weak-to-strong ANK atmospheric turbulence with an anisotropic tilt angle. The turbulence cell ellipsoid model is employed, and it is demonstrated that the average capacity of OAM channels initially increases and then declines as the anisotropic tilt angle <span><math><mi>γ</mi></math></span> increases, and the variation in average capacity is symmetric around <span><math><mrow><mi>γ</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>9</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>∘</mo></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>. Further numerical results indicate that the FSO communication link utilizing the gamma beam can achieve higher channel capacity by selecting a lower OAM topological charge, using a narrower receiver aperture, and optimizing the initial beam waist. These findings are promising for enhancing FSO communication systems that rely on OAM.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10340,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Physics","volume":"97 ","pages":"Pages 696-705"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144779414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On symmetry solutions of nonlocal complex coupled dispersionless system using Darboux transformation and artificial neural networks","authors":"Aamir Farooq ,&nbsp;H.W.A. Riaz ,&nbsp;Wen Xiu Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.cjph.2025.07.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjph.2025.07.021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The generalized coupled dispersionless equations describe the dynamics of a current-fed string in an external magnetic field. This study introduces a novel methodology leveraging the Darboux transformation to derive analytical solutions for these complex equations. The approach explores symmetry-preserving and non-preserving solutions, further refined using the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm within a neural network framework. The network underwent thorough validation using relative <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>L</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> errors during training and testing on clean and noisy data. During this validation, thorough tabular and graphical representations validated our analytical results, proving their reliability. We carefully analyzed the solution behaviors using various visualization techniques, such as contours, three-dimensional plots, and corresponding error graphs. This study comprehensively analyzes the system’s dynamics by integrating analytical methods with artificial neural networks, bridging theoretical predictions with empirical validations. The findings offer new insights into wave behavior, stability, and nonlinear interactions within the system, contributing significantly to mathematical physics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10340,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Physics","volume":"97 ","pages":"Pages 933-947"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144829515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of asymptotic normalization coefficients based on the dispersive optical model","authors":"O.V. Bespalova ,&nbsp;L.D. Blokhintsev ,&nbsp;A.A. Klimochkina ,&nbsp;D.A. Savin","doi":"10.1016/j.cjph.2025.07.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjph.2025.07.020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A method for determining asymptotic normalization coefficients for removing nucleons from nuclei is proposed. It is based on the use of the dispersive optical model potential. Within the method, the strength parameter of the Hartree–Fock type potential at the Fermi energy is the only one fitting parameter. It was found that adjusting this parameter allows us to achieve a coincidence of the calculated binding energies with the experimental ones accurately enough. Specific calculations were carried out for ¹⁷O, ¹⁷F, ⁴¹Ca, and ⁴¹Sc nuclei. An acceptable agreement with the results of other works, which are characterized by a noticeable spread, was achieved.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10340,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Physics","volume":"97 ","pages":"Pages 991-997"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144842820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An improved semi-quantum secret sharing protocol with enhanced verification to counter man-in-the-middle attacks","authors":"Chun-Wei Yang ,&nbsp;Pei-Yu Liu ,&nbsp;Chia-Wei Tsai ,&nbsp;Jason Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.cjph.2025.07.032","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjph.2025.07.032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Semi-quantum secret sharing (SQSS) is an essential branch of semi-quantum cryptography. Unlike conventional quantum cryptographic protocols, SQSS does not require all participants to possess quantum capabilities, thereby simplifying implementation. This paper identifies a critical vulnerability in Li et al.’s SQSS protocol, which makes it susceptible to man-in-the-middle attacks during eavesdropping. To address this issue, we propose a secure SQSS protocol incorporating an enhanced verification mechanism performed by the dealer. This additional step enables the sender to verify the integrity of transmitted particles and detect potential eavesdropping. As a result, the protocol effectively mitigates the risk of man-in-the-middle attacks and ensures the security and completeness of secret message exchange.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10340,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Physics","volume":"97 ","pages":"Pages 897-904"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144809997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"QGAN-based data augmentation for hybrid quantum–classical neural networks","authors":"Run-Ze He ,&nbsp;Jun-Jian Su ,&nbsp;Su-Juan Qin ,&nbsp;Zheng-Ping Jin ,&nbsp;Fei Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.cjph.2025.07.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjph.2025.07.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hybrid Quantum–Classical Neural Networks (HQNNs) have the potential to achieve faster training convergence and higher accuracy than classical neural networks in complex feature spaces. However, data augmentation for quantum machine learning is underexplored due to challenges in generating quantum data and worsening data scarcity. To address this, we integrate Quantum Generative Adversarial Networks (QGANs) with HQNNs, and propose two strategies: a general approach to improve data processing and classification, and a customized strategy that generates samples based on HQNNs’ performance on specific classes. Simulation experiments on the MNIST dataset demonstrate that QGAN outperforms conventional data augmentation methods(random rotation, translation, contrast adjustment) and classical GANs. Compared to deep convolutional GAN, QGAN achieves similar performance with 50% fewer trainable parameters, balancing efficiency and effectiveness. These results highlight the advantages of quantum data augmentation techniques, offering potential solutions for real-world applications such as rare disease diagnosis and endangered species classification.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10340,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Physics","volume":"97 ","pages":"Pages 1453-1463"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145018994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nonlinear waves and conversion mechanisms for a (3+1)-dimensional shallow water wave equation","authors":"Ming-Yu Qi,&nbsp;Bo Ren","doi":"10.1016/j.cjph.2025.06.035","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjph.2025.06.035","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper delves into the nonlinear wave dynamics and conversion mechanisms within a (3+1)-dimensional shallow water wave equation. By employing the Hirota bilinear method, the <span><math><mi>N</mi></math></span>-soliton solutions of the equation are constructed first. Through complex conjugate constraints, the first-order breather solution is subsequently generated. Further analysis utilizing characteristic line methods reveals the conversion mechanism between the breather and the soliton. It demonstrates that the breather can transform into various types of nonlinear transformed waves under specific conditions, including quasi-kink soliton, M-shaped soliton, oscillating M-shaped soliton, multi-peak soliton and quasi-periodic soliton. The intrinsic mechanisms of the time-varying characteristics of these transformed waves are investigated by analyzing the distance between characteristic lines. Additionally, based on multi-soliton solutions, the interactions among a soliton, a breather and the transformed waves are explored. These findings not only enrich the theoretical framework of nonlinear wave dynamics in high-dimensional nonlinear equations but also provide a theoretical foundation for predicting nonlinear waves in practical systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10340,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Physics","volume":"97 ","pages":"Pages 459-470"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144724795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electroosmosis modulated physiological fluid propulsion through a non-uniform peristaltic microchannel in bio-microfluidic environment","authors":"Muhammad Roshan,&nbsp;Pramod Kumar Yadav","doi":"10.1016/j.cjph.2025.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjph.2025.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present work deals with the mathematical modeling of electroosmosis-aided creeping hydrodynamic propulsion of couple stress fluid due to the combined interaction of electroosmosis and peristalsis mechanisms inside a non-uniform porous microchannel under the influence of an imposed electric field. This model is an estimation of embryological fluid transport through a human uterus where an electric field is applied to induce the artificial fluid transport inside the uterus. Here, walls of the non-uniform microchannel are considered with a surface roughness of a sinusoidal pattern. This flow situation is modeled with the help of the equation of continuity, the momentum balance equation, and the Poisson equation. These governing equations are simplified under the lubrication approximation and Debye–Hückel approximation and solved in MATHEMATICA software for the velocity and electric potential function for exploring the kinematics of the considered flow system. Furthermore, the present model is validated with the available scientific literature to ensure its reliability. Illustrative figures are sketched to investigate the impact of physical parameters such as non-uniformity of the channel, surface roughness, electroosmotic velocity, Debye–Hückel parameter, occlusion, Darcy number, and couple stress parameter on the hydrodynamic quantities. To incorporate the fluid trapping effect and visualize the flow pattern inside the non-uniform microchannel, streamline plots are also sketched for sinusoidal waveforms along with other types of waveforms. This research work is applicable in gaining insights about the physiological propulsion in the human uterus due to fluid–structure interaction, as well as in developing artificial organs, bio-microfluidic devices, and lab-on-a-chip systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10340,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Physics","volume":"97 ","pages":"Pages 343-374"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144721661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal convective transport of nanofluids through a microchannel with rough surfaces under electromagnetohydrodynamics and time-periodic pressure gradient","authors":"Jiali Zhang ,&nbsp;Guangpu Zhao ,&nbsp;Umer Farooq ,&nbsp;Jifeng Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.cjph.2025.07.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjph.2025.07.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the flow and heat transfer characteristics of nanofluids (water-Al<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>O<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>) in a microchannel with rough surfaces, considering the combined effects of electromagnetohydrodynamics (EMHD) and time-periodic pressure gradient. The analytical solutions of the velocity and temperature fields are derived using the separation of variables, Fourier cosine series expansion, combined with the superposition principle and Duhamel’s principle. Based on this, the Nusselt number and entropy generation are further obtained. Through numerical simulations and theoretical analyses, the convective characteristics and irreversibility within the microchannel are explored in relation to various dimensionless parameters. Key findings demonstrate that increasing the nanoparticle volume fraction (<span><math><mi>ϕ</mi></math></span>) to 0.08 enhances convective heat transfer, elevating the Nusselt number (<span><math><mrow><mi>N</mi><mi>u</mi></mrow></math></span>) by 13.37% while reducing total entropy generation by 17.53%. Conversely, a larger roughness parameter (<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>α</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>) degrades thermal performance, at <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>α</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>=0.12, total entropy generation increases by 17.04% and <span><math><mrow><mi>N</mi><mi>u</mi></mrow></math></span> decreases by 10.76% relative to <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>α</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>=0.06, attributed to nanoparticle aggregation and vortex-induced irreversibility. Electromagnetic regulation via the Hartmann number (<span><math><mrow><mi>H</mi><mi>a</mi></mrow></math></span>=7<span><math><mo>∼</mo></math></span>9) suppresses the centreline temperature by 60% but reduces <span><math><mrow><mi>N</mi><mi>u</mi></mrow></math></span> by 35.4%. Meanwhile, the pressure gradient at high dimensionless frequency (<span><math><mi>Ω</mi></math></span>=60) reduces the oscillation period of entropy generation while decreasing total entropy generation through thermal homogenization. These results offer critical insights for optimizing thermal management in microfluidic systems governed by EMHD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10340,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Physics","volume":"97 ","pages":"Pages 323-342"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144721660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of spontaneous emission on a tanh model","authors":"A.D. Kammogne","doi":"10.1016/j.cjph.2025.07.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjph.2025.07.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates how spontaneous emission affects a tanh model. The impact is characterized by adding an imaginary component and shifting the model, which makes it non-Hermitian. This results in the appearance of light beams during population evolution, mainly influenced by the coupling strength and the shift. We determine the conditions for identifying allowed and forbidden regions in the real energy diagram. We also examine how sweep velocity and time influence the imaginary part of the energy. Additionally, we show the similarities between our model and the Rabi and Landau–Zener models. Throughout the work, we confirm that our theoretical predictions match well with numerical simulations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10340,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Physics","volume":"97 ","pages":"Pages 449-458"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144724790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}