Chinese Journal of Physics最新文献

{"title":"An improved network embedding method with multi-level closeness on link prediction","authors":"Zheng Wang,&nbsp;Tian Qiu,&nbsp;Guang Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.cjph.2025.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjph.2025.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Network representation learning provides an important tool to link prediction in complex networks. Many existing methods consider the random walk within the direct neighbors of the nodes, however, ignore the closeness level between nodes. In this article, we propose a novel network embedding method by considering the closeness of three different levels, i.e., the close, median and faraway relationships. The close relationship is modeled by a natural nearest neighbor, the median relationship is referred to as the direct neighbor, and the faraway relationship is simulated by a role discovery. Diversified learning can better capture the node feature, and therefore helps improving link prediction. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms nine baseline methods, by testing them on six real datasets. The closenesses of the three levels are found to impact differently on the networks. In general, the direct neighbor closeness has a great impact, however, for the network with specific characteristics, other closenesses may be more important, e.g., the role neighbor closeness is important in the economic network.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10340,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Physics","volume":"95 ","pages":"Pages 248-259"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143632113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Significant inverse topological caloric effect induced by topological multicriticality","authors":"L.J. Ding,&nbsp;Y. Zhong","doi":"10.1016/j.cjph.2025.03.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjph.2025.03.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent attention has focused on the BDI symmetry class, which exhibits gapless topological quantum phase transitions (TQPTs) between critical phases along a critical line, arising from the interplay between topology and criticality with edge modes persisting at criticality. Here, we generalize this unconventional TQPT to an extended Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) model with broken time-reversal symmetry, belonging to the AIII symmetry class. This gapless topological criticality is characterized by a critical winding number with half integer and quantized jump, alongside a Grüneisen ratio (GR) displaying critical ±<em>T</em>⁻¹ divergence and symmetric peak-dip structures. Furthermore, we propose that multicriticality-enhanced topological caloric effects (TCEs) offer a promissing alternative to the conventional magnetic refrigeration for quantum devices. By tuning topological parameters along the critical line, we demonstrate a significant inverse TCE (ITCE) near the multicritical point at low temperatures, featuring large isothermal entropy change, adiabatic temperature change and high efficiency factor. This pronounced ITCE could enable ultralow temperature cooling, advancing both the thermodynamic charaterization of gapless TQPT and cryofree quantum referigeration for quantum computing environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10340,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Physics","volume":"95 ","pages":"Pages 383-390"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143715631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Semi-quantum dialogue protocol based on four-particle Ω state","authors":"Zhen-Zhen Li,&nbsp;Run-Ze He,&nbsp;Zhen-Zhen Zhang,&nbsp;Hai-Yang Ding,&nbsp;Dong-Fei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.cjph.2025.03.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjph.2025.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Semi-quantum does not require all users to possess full quantum capabilities, which means that semi-quantum protocols can effectively enhance the practicality of existing quantum communication protocols. In this paper, a semi-quantum dialogue(SQD) protocol based on four-particle <span><math><mi>Ω</mi></math></span> states is proposed, in which one of the dialogue parties is quantum and the other is classical. This semi-quantum dialogue protocol facilitates the exchange of classical information between two users through a series of well-defined steps. Security analysis shows that the protocol ensures no information leakage and is resistant to typical attack methods. Efficiency analysis demonstrates that the protocol operates with higher efficiency compared to existing alternatives. Taken together, the protocol exhibits key advantages, including high security, improved efficiency, and significant practical value for real-world applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10340,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Physics","volume":"95 ","pages":"Pages 348-357"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143681011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurodynamic behavior of hippocampal CA1 neuron model driven by external current stimulation","authors":"Lei Guo ,&nbsp;Huan Liu ,&nbsp;Youxi Wu ,&nbsp;Yihua Song","doi":"10.1016/j.cjph.2025.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjph.2025.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electromagnetic intervention has significant superiorities in improving the brain cognitive functions. The hippocampal CA1 neuron is associated with cognitive functions such as working memory and spatial navigation. However, it is difficult to capture the neurodynamic behavior of biological neurons due to the disadvantages of biological electrophysiological signals. Neuron model can simulate the electrophysiological characteristics of biological neuron, and produce its neurodynamic behavior. In addition, the hippocampal CA1 neuron model did not consider the electromagnetic induction caused by ions flow inside and outside the cell membrane of biological neurons. Thus, introducing magnetic flux-controlled memristor, we construct a hippocampal CA1 neuron model that considers electromagnetic induction. Then, we investigate its neurodynamic behavior driven by external current stimulation using neurodynamic methods, including the interspike interval bifurcation, the largest Lyapunov exponent, the time sequence of membrane potential, and the phase diagram. Our results find that when the CA1 neuron model is initially in any of the resting state, spiking state, and cluster-firing state, the model’s firing is promoted as the amplitude of external current stimulation increases, while the model’s firing is inhibited as the frequency of external current stimulation increases. Additionally, as the amplitude increases, the model exhibits different firing modes, tending to chaotic firing from the three initial states; as the frequency increases, the model exhibits different firing modes, tending to spiking or cluster-firing from the three initial states. This work can enhance the understanding of the regulatory mechanism of external current stimulation on the hippocampus.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10340,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Physics","volume":"95 ","pages":"Pages 320-336"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143681014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of terahertz propagation properties on subwavelength dielectric ribbon waveguides","authors":"Ja-Yu Lu ,&nbsp;Che-Chu Hsieh ,&nbsp;Pin-Jung Lu ,&nbsp;Borwen You","doi":"10.1016/j.cjph.2025.03.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjph.2025.03.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Various subwavelength dielectric waveguides have been developed for imaging, sensing, and communication applications because of low-loss propagation and tailorable evanescent power distribution. Dielectric ribbon waveguides with high aspect ratio cores have lower attenuation and geometry-insensitive radiation loss compared with wire waveguides in a cylindrical core structure. This study experimentally characterizes the transmitted spectral properties of air-cladded polymer ribbons for waveguiding terahertz (THz) radiation and with aspect ratios above 200 under two orthogonally polarized wave excitations. The spectral dependence on the geometrical parameters of solid- and porous-core ribbon waveguides were completely investigated via THz time domain spectroscopy. For the first time, it is found that the measured spectral features of transverse electric (TE)-like modes, including the attenuation constant, effective refractive index, and transmission bandwidth, correlate to both the thickness and refractive index of a waveguide core, but those of transverse magnetic (TM)-like modes relate only to core thickness. The birefringence of the ribbon waveguide increases with the THz wave frequency and is large for thick or high-index ribbon cores because of the increased power ratio in the core for TE-like modes. For the dominant ribbon waveguide modes of TM-like modes, the average attenuation and delivered bandwidth at different ribbon thicknesses are successfully measured at ranges of 0.04–0.13 cm⁻¹ and 700–350 GHz, respectively, both of which are superior to those of TE-like mode and hybrid HE₁₁ mode for the polyethylene wire waveguide. Experimental results show that the polymer ribbon waveguide has potential for use in the building blocks of THz integrated circuits, THz wire communication, waveguide-based spectroscopy, and biochemical sensing applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10340,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Physics","volume":"95 ","pages":"Pages 638-650"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143761102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pressure induced high-Tc superconductivity in ternary SrBH8 with distinctive B–H motif and complex hydrogen bonding patterns","authors":"Fulong Yang ,&nbsp;Chuanzhao Zhang ,&nbsp;Yanqi Wang ,&nbsp;Jinquan Zhang ,&nbsp;Panlong Kong ,&nbsp;Song Li ,&nbsp;Fang Chen ,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Jin ,&nbsp;Meng Ju ,&nbsp;Kaixiong Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.cjph.2025.02.044","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjph.2025.02.044","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Inspired by the recent discovery of near or even above room-temperature superconductors in the pressurized H<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>S, CaH<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>6</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>, YH<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>9</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>, LaH<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>, and CeH<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>18</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>, H-rich hydrides under high pressure are believed to be the potential candidates for high-temperature superconductors. Unfortunately, the tremendous pressures needed to stabilize these structures exceptionally restrict their practical applications. An effective strategy to reduce the external pressure is to incorporate the light boron atom into established binary hydrides to construct binary B–H textures with the B–H covalent bonds. Guided by this hypothesis, crystal structures and superconductivity of ternary Sr-B-H system under pressure were theoretically delved into. Notably, we successfully identify a stable SrBH₈ under 137–300 GPa and the triclinic <em>P</em>-1-SrBH₈ phase can be retained to at least 137 GPa during decompression. Subsequently, trigonal <em>R</em>-3<em>m</em>-SrBH₈ becomes more stable than <em>P</em>-1-SrBH₈ at 212 GPa. Intriguingly, <em>P</em>-1-SrBH₈ consists of the BH₄ framework and H₂ molecular dimer while <em>R</em>-3<em>m</em>-SrBH₈ encompasses the BH₆ motif and H₄ unit. Namely, despite the H atom bonding mode bonded to B atom in BH₄ and BH₆ units in both phases is same with robust B–H covalent bond, the remanent H atom bonding modes are distant, which denotes the H₂ unit with the H2–H2 covalent bond and weak H1–H2 covalent bond in the H4 texture emerge in <em>P</em>-1-SrBH₈ and <em>R</em><span><math><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></math></span><em>m</em>-SrBH₈, respectively. Both crystals are predicted to be promising superconductors with the estimated <em>T</em> <span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>s of 103 K (<em>P</em>-1-SrBH₈, 137 GPa) and 141 K (<em>R</em><span><math><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></math></span><em>m</em>-SrBH₈, 300 GPa), which are separately attributed to the vibration of the B–H bond in BH₄ framework, and a hybrid vibration of the B–H bond in BH₆ building and the H1–H2 bond in H₄ unit. This work provides an effective strategy for the design of the low-pressure stabilized high-temperature hydride superconductors, which is destined to widen the explorations on the particular B–H skeleton and abundant H bonding mode in the H-rich ternary borohydrides.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10340,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Physics","volume":"95 ","pages":"Pages 600-614"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143760379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Onset of magneto convection of Casson fluid in an inclined porous layer using local thermal non-equilibrium model: A linear and nonlinear analyses","authors":"Bhagya Mathapati,&nbsp;Ravi Ragoju,&nbsp;G. Shiva Kumar Reddy","doi":"10.1016/j.cjph.2025.02.042","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjph.2025.02.042","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Casson fluids, with their distinct rheological properties, are prevalent in biological, industrial, and material processing systems and the local thermal non-equilibrium (LTNE) model realistically captures heat transfer in porous media by considering separate temperature fields for fluid and solid phases. Incorporating inclination and magnetic effects adds critical complexity and control, making this study essential for optimizing heat and mass transfer in systems. The LTNE model has been used to examine the magneto convection of a Casson fluid in an inclined porous medium under the influence of a magnetic field. Darcy’s law is applied, and we assume the validity of the Oberbeck–Boussinesq approximation. The onset of convection is investigated by two methods: the linear instability analysis and the nonlinear stability analysis. The linear instability analysis is conducted using the normal mode method. The nonlinear stability analysis is studied by utilizing the energy stability method. The resulting eigenvalue problem is solved numerically through the bvp4c routine in MATLAB R2023a. The impact of essential parameters, including the Hartmann number (<span><math><mrow><mi>H</mi><msup><mrow><mi>a</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>), the inter-phase heat transfer parameter (<span><math><mi>H</mi></math></span>), the porosity-modified conductivity ratio (<span><math><mi>τ</mi></math></span>), the Casson fluid parameter (<span><math><mi>β</mi></math></span>), and an inclination angle (<span><math><mi>γ</mi></math></span>), is thoroughly investigated. A comparison of linear instability and nonlinear stability theories reveals a notable difference in the critical Rayleigh numbers (<span><math><mrow><mi>R</mi><msub><mrow><mi>a</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span>), suggesting the potential existence of a subcritical instability region. The major result of the study indicates that an increase in <span><math><mrow><mi>H</mi><msup><mrow><mi>a</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>, <span><math><mi>H</mi></math></span>, and <span><math><mi>γ</mi></math></span> leads to significant stabilization of the system, whereas an increase in <span><math><mi>β</mi></math></span> tends to destabilize it. Moreover, the disappearance of transverse rolls is strongly influenced by the parameter <span><math><mi>β</mi></math></span>, making it a critical factor in determining the stability of the system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10340,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Physics","volume":"95 ","pages":"Pages 306-319"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143644387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal convection instability with throughflow in an Oldroyd-B fluid saturated bidispersive porous layer","authors":"Beinan Jia ,&nbsp;Quansheng Liu ,&nbsp;Yongjun Jian","doi":"10.1016/j.cjph.2025.03.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjph.2025.03.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research explores the thermal convection instability with throughflow in a bidispersive porous layer saturated with Oldroyd-B fluid, using a modified Darcy-Oldroyd model. The study identifies both stationary and oscillatory modes through linear stability analysis. The eigenspectrums of eigenvalues demonstrate that two modes of instability are present in the Oldroyd-B fluid model, whereas only the stationary mode is observed in the Newtonian fluid model. Furthermore, the throughflow significantly influences the instability modes. When Péclet number <em>Pe</em> is less than 2, instability manifests in two modes: stationary and oscillatory. However, as <em>Pe</em> exceeds 2, only the oscillatory mode is observed. Moreover, this critical value remains unaffected by variations in other parameters. The neutral stability curve reveals that instability is suppressed as the throughflow increases. When both the oscillatory and stationary modes occur simultaneously (<em>Pe</em> &lt; 2), the neutral stability curve exhibits two minima, each corresponding to one of the modes. Additionally, an increase in relaxation time magnifies instability, whereas an increment in the permeability ratio (<em>K_r</em>) suppresses instability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10340,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Physics","volume":"95 ","pages":"Pages 573-584"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143746878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of external magnetic field and DM x-interaction on Fisher and Wigner–Yanase information correlations of thermal Heisenberg XYZ states","authors":"Fahad Aljuaydi ,&nbsp;S.N. Almutairi ,&nbsp;A.-B.A. Mohamed","doi":"10.1016/j.cjph.2025.02.037","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjph.2025.02.037","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the influence of temperature, the Dzyaloshinsky–Moriya (spin–orbit) interaction and an external inhomogeneous magnetic field in the <span><math><mi>x</mi></math></span>-direction on the thermal quantum information resources in general spin–spin Heisenberg XYZ states, focusing on local quantum Fisher information (LQFI), local quantum uncertainty (LQU) and concurrence correlations. The thermal behavior of quantum information quantifiers is analyzed under the influence of the spin–spin interaction, the spin–orbit interaction in the <span><math><mi>x</mi></math></span>-direction, and the uniformity and inhomogeneity of an applied external magnetic field in the <span><math><mi>x</mi></math></span>-direction. The study shows that quantum phenomena such as the sudden transition of entanglement and the appearance of stable correlations can be controlled by spin–spin and spin–orbit interactions as well as temperature. Furthermore, LQFI and concurrence correlations show greater robustness to temperature effects compared to LQU. After investigating the dependence of thermal correlations on the spin–spin interaction, the spin–orbit interaction, and the uniformity and inhomogeneity of the applied external magnetic field, we find that the enhancement of the <span><math><mi>x</mi></math></span>-spin–orbit interaction for quantum information quantifiers and the stability of the maximal correlation intervals depend on the applied external magnetic field. An increase in the uniformity or inhomogeneity of the applied magnetic field leads to a degradation of the quantum information resources, depending on the spin–orbit interaction. Finally, our results confirm that the dependence of the quantum information resources on the spin–spin couplings can be controlled by the spin–spin and spin–orbit interactions as well as by the applied external magnetic field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10340,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Physics","volume":"95 ","pages":"Pages 103-117"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143601737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Entanglement hierarchies in multipartite scenarios","authors":"Hui Li ,&nbsp;Ting Gao ,&nbsp;Fengli Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.cjph.2025.02.039","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjph.2025.02.039","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, we investigate the hierarchical structure of the <span><math><mi>n</mi></math></span>-partite quantum states. We present a whole set of hierarchical quantifications as a method of characterizing quantum states, which go beyond genuine multipartite entanglement measures and allow for fine identification among distinct entanglement contributions. This kind of quantifications, termed <span><math><mi>k</mi></math></span>-GM concurrence, can unambiguously classify entangled states into <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>n</mi><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span> distinct classes from the perspective of <span><math><mi>k</mi></math></span>-nonseparability with <span><math><mi>k</mi></math></span> running from <span><math><mi>n</mi></math></span> to 2, and comply with the axiomatic conditions of an entanglement measure. Compared to <span><math><mi>k</mi></math></span>-ME concurrence <span><span>[Phys. Rev. A 86 (2012) 062323]</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>, the hierarchical measures proposed by us embody advantages in distinguishing same class entangled states and measuring continuity. In addition, we establish the relation between <span><math><mi>k</mi></math></span>-ME concurrence and <span><math><mi>k</mi></math></span>-GM concurrence, and further derive a strong lower bound on the <span><math><mi>k</mi></math></span>-GM concurrence by exploiting the permutationally invariant part of a quantum state. Furthermore, we parametrize <span><math><mi>k</mi></math></span>-GM concurrence to obtain two more general and complete categories of quantifications, <span><math><mi>q</mi></math></span>-<span><math><mi>k</mi></math></span>-GM concurrence <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>q</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mi>α</mi></math></span>-<span><math><mi>k</mi></math></span>-GM concurrence <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>≤</mo><mi>α</mi><mo>&lt;</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span>, which obey the properties enjoyed by <span><math><mi>k</mi></math></span>-GM concurrence as well. In particular, <span><math><mi>α</mi></math></span>-2-GM concurrence <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>&lt;</mo><mi>α</mi><mo>&lt;</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span> determines that the GHZ state and the <span><math><mi>W</mi></math></span> state belong to the same hierarchy, and satisfies the requirement that the GHZ state is more entangled than the <span><math><mi>W</mi></math></span> state in multiqubit systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10340,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Physics","volume":"95 ","pages":"Pages 337-347"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143681013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}