Clean-soil Air Water最新文献

{"title":"The Combined Mechanism of EICP Technology Combined With Drought-Resistant Plants for Solidifying Silty Soil Slopes","authors":"Fusheng Zha,&nbsp;Yajun Li,&nbsp;Bo Kang,&nbsp;Jiayuan Zhang,&nbsp;Ancheng Li,&nbsp;Wenbing Tao","doi":"10.1002/clen.70234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/clen.70234","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation (EICP) has attracted increasing attention as an environmentally friendly soil-solidification technique, but its combined use with vegetation for silty-slope protection remains insufficiently understood. This study investigated the feasibility of integrating EICP treatment with drought-resistant vegetation to improve the stability and erosion resistance of silty soil slopes. The experimental program included EICP spraying, vegetation cultivation, surface-characteristic observation, calcium carbonate measurement, and simulated rainfall erosion tests. The results show that EICP treatment significantly reduced soil loss and surface cracking, whereas vegetation further enhanced slope protection through root reinforcement and interception of rainfall. The optimal combined condition was obtained with a 0.5 mol/L cementing solution and seven applications of 5 mM urease solution, under which the soil loss rate was 1.64 g/min, the calcium carbonate content reached 12.5%, the surface fissure ratio was 2.22%, and the vegetation germination rate was 4%. Compared with untreated silty soil, the combined EICP-vegetation treatment reduced the erosion rate from more than 20.9 g/min to below 1.2 g/min, increased calcium carbonate content to 17.62%, and decreased the fissure ratio from 6.87% to 0.63%. However, the cementing solution inhibited vegetation emergence, reducing the germination rate from 89% to 30%–50% or lower under stronger treatments. Overall, EICP combined with vegetation provides an effective and sustainable approach for improving the erosion resistance and surface stability of silty soil slopes.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10306,"journal":{"name":"Clean-soil Air Water","volume":"54 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148343401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comprehensive Study on Biogas Slurry Treatment and Resource Utilization","authors":"Yue Ouyang,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Nie,&nbsp;Yuhan Fang,&nbsp;Xuebai Guo,&nbsp;Guozhi Fan,&nbsp;Cheng Pan,&nbsp;Qunpeng Cheng","doi":"10.1002/clen.70236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/clen.70236","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Biogas slurry (BS) exhibits a dual nature as both a pollutant and a resource. Improper treatment may lead to environmental pollution. Meanwhile, as a valuable by-product of anaerobic digestion, BS is rich in nutrients, metal ions, trace elements, organic acids, vitamins, and other components that can be applied to agriculture. This article summarized the literature about the treatment of BS and pointed out the existing problems and future development directions of various treatment technologies. Meanwhile, it also reviewed the application of BS in agriculture. This work has positive significance to improve the level of BS treatment and promote the resource utilization of BS.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10306,"journal":{"name":"Clean-soil Air Water","volume":"54 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148324316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Riparian Land Use and Hydrological Conditions on Water Quality in the Middle and Down Streams of Han River","authors":"Wen-wen Liu,&nbsp;Qianqian Guo,&nbsp;Jie Wang,&nbsp;Ran Li,&nbsp;Yi-Ming Kuo","doi":"10.1002/clen.70232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/clen.70232","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Understanding spatial heterogeneity in riparian land use impacts on water quality is crucial for watershed management. This study quantified spatially varying relationships between five riparian land use types (residential, grassland, forest, agricultural, and bare land) and stream water quality at 94 sites in China's Han River Watershed, using integrated geographically weighted regression (GWR) and redundancy analysis (RDA). Results showed significantly degraded water quality in tributaries versus the mainstream, exacerbated downstream by concentrated pollution and altered hydrology. GWR significantly outperformed ordinary least squares regression in predicting seasonal water quality variations, demonstrating high prediction accuracy by capturing critical spatial heterogeneity. GWR identified grassland, agricultural, and residential land as the dominant drivers of water quality. RDA established key hydrological controls (elevation, flow velocity, and slope) correlating with nutrient accumulation. We detected critical spatial non-stationarity: Fragmented upper reach grassland buffers provided localized NO₃-N reduction, whereas middle/lower reaches experienced agricultural phosphorus flushing and intensified algal responses near urban areas. Model results suggest that spatially targeted interventions in Han River may reduce nonpoint source pollution: In agricultural mid-reaches, converting croplands to grassland buffers could reduce nitrate loading; in urbanized zones, improved stormwater management and wastewater treatment could mitigate phosphorus; and in reaches affected by altered hydrology, optimizing flow regimes might reduce sediment resuspension effects. However, these interventions are specific to Han River conditions and would require localized feasibility assessment and cost–benefit analysis before implementation. While case-specific, the integrated GWR–RDA framework demonstrates a novel approach correlating land-use dynamics with water quality variations, offering a promising pathway for watershed management strategies.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10306,"journal":{"name":"Clean-soil Air Water","volume":"54 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148324314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancement of Landfill Leachate Attenuation in Sandy Soil Using Compost Amendment: A Soil Column Study","authors":"Jyotirmay,&nbsp;Arin Yadav,&nbsp;Jyoti Meena,&nbsp;Shivangi Bharadwaj,&nbsp;Ashok Kumar Gupta","doi":"10.1002/clen.70233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/clen.70233","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Soil's attenuation capacity is essential for protecting structures and ecosystems from natural and anthropogenic disturbances. This study investigates the natural attenuation capacity of soil using controlled laboratory column experiments to demonstrate its ability to adsorb, retain, and partially degrade leachate contaminants, thereby limiting their transport to groundwater resources. This study used two vertical soil columns: one containing poorly graded sand and the other containing the same soil enhanced with a 3:2 compost-to-soil ratio to increase attenuation. The leachate samples show high levels of organic pollutants, inorganic constituents, and heavy metals. The preliminary metal concentration pattern in the initial soil followed the order Fe &gt; Al &gt; Zn &gt; Cr &gt; Cu &gt; Pb &gt; Ni ≈ Cd, indicating the dominance of Fe and Al among native soil constituents. The pretreated leachate was percolated through both columns for 30 days under ambient laboratory conditions. The influent and effluent samples from the columns were tested for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), ammoniacal nitrogen, sulfate, phosphate, nitrate, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), alkalinity, total hardness (TH), calcium, chloride, and heavy metals. The results reveal that the compost-amended soil column removed more heavy metals than the natural column. The soil medium's capacity to retain nutrients is demonstrated by the consistent decrease in phosphorus concentration from leachate to effluent. Soil modification altered pH, electrical conductivity, and hardness. BOD, COD, and chloride concentrations dropped significantly in the modified column. Results indicate that natural soil possesses a significant ability to reduce leachate pollutants, but adding organic amendments, like compost, boosts its contaminant-removal efficiency.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10306,"journal":{"name":"Clean-soil Air Water","volume":"54 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148324315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Air Pollution Paradox in Adana: High Public Awareness, Low Protective Action","authors":"Rozelin Aydın,&nbsp;Esra Turan,&nbsp;Olcay Kıroğlu","doi":"10.1002/clen.70228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/clen.70228","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Air pollution remains a major public health threat in urban-industrial centers worldwide and in Türkiye. Adana, a key metropolitan and industrial city, experiences persistent air quality problems driven by traffic, industrial activity, and residential heating, within a national context where urban pollution is estimated to cost the Turkish economy approximately $138 billion annually and cause tens of thousands of preventable deaths. This study investigates the relationship between public awareness, risk perception, and protective behavior regarding air pollution in Adana. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 402 participants from the general population and high-risk occupational groups using a structured face-to-face questionnaire. Descriptive statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 25.0. The results demonstrate a pronounced awareness–action gap. Although most participants demonstrated high awareness—correctly identifying anthropogenic pollution sources (77.36%) and recognizing adverse health impacts (67.66%)—this knowledge rarely translated into protective action: 91.79% reported never using protective masks, 63.68% were unwilling to engage in air quality monitoring initiatives, and nearly half (47.26%) did not consider air quality in residential decisions, prioritizing economic constraints instead. Frequently reported symptoms included respiratory difficulties (48.1%) and eye irritation (29.2%), with pollution perceived as most severe during winter and evening hours. These findings underscore a critical disconnect between awareness and behavior and highlight the urgent need for policies that move beyond information provision toward enabling action by addressing structural and socioeconomic barriers to healthier urban environments. This calls for coordinated efforts from policymakers, urban planners, and public health authorities to create enabling environments for behavioral change.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10306,"journal":{"name":"Clean-soil Air Water","volume":"54 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148281896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review of the Performance of Biological Processes in the Treatment of Organic Matter From Dairy Wastewater","authors":"Ncumisa Mpongwana,&nbsp;Phumza Vuyokazi Zungu,&nbsp;Sheena Kumari,&nbsp;Ismail Rawat,&nbsp;Faizal Bux","doi":"10.1002/clen.70223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/clen.70223","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Dairy wastewater has raised many concerns because it is highly contaminated with high levels of organic matter. The major sources of contaminants in dairy wastewater are clean-in-place products, which are used to sanitize production lines, and whey, which is a byproduct of cheese and pressed yogurt. Various biological treatment technologies are suggested for the treatment of dairy wastewater. However, selecting the appropriate technology for dairy processes may be difficult, considering the multiple options available. Hence, 39 articles reporting various biological treatment processes were compiled to assess effective treatment technology. Four biological treatment processes, namely, constructed wetland (CW), algae technology (ALGAE), activated sludge technology (AS), and a combination of algae and activated sludge technology (AS + ALGAE), were assessed. A quantitative meta-analysis was used to compare the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency of these technologies. The result indicated that there was no significant difference in removal efficiencies of all four processes; however, AS and Algae emerged as better technologies to treat high organic loading dairy wastewater. Although CW and AS + ALGAE were also shown to be effective, the studies assessed show that there's a significant difference in HRT of CW compared to other processes, with CW having the longest HRT (30.2 days). Moreover, there was also a significant difference in influent COD used in all studies that employed AS + ALGAE, with all the papers pooled in this technology using low organic loadings compared to the experimental studies of other processes. The results highlighted suitable biological treatment processes based on the dairy wastewater characteristics of the process.</p>","PeriodicalId":10306,"journal":{"name":"Clean-soil Air Water","volume":"54 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/clen.70223","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148237606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heavy Metal Concentrations in Water and Fish Tissues of the Bagmati River, Central Nepal","authors":"Krishna Prasad Maharjan,&nbsp;Tej Bahadur Thapa,&nbsp;Bhoj Raj Pant,&nbsp;Kshitij Shrestha,&nbsp;Jagan Nath Adhikari","doi":"10.1002/clen.70225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/clen.70225","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Heavy metal contamination poses a growing threat to aquatic ecosystems, yet little is known about its spatiotemporal variation and bioaccumulation in the Bagmati River, Nepal. This study assessed seasonal and site-specific patterns of Cu, Cd, Pb, and Zn in river water and examined their accumulation in two native fish species, <i>Schistura</i> spp. and <i>Garra</i> spp. Using aligned rank transform (ART) two-way ANOVA, Cu and Zn showed significant seasonal variation. Cd was influenced primarily by season on the basis of two-way ANOVA, and Pb remained largely undetectable in water. Overall metal dominance followed Zn &gt; Cd &gt; Cu, except at far-downstream post-monsoon sites (Zn &gt; Cu &gt; Cd). Bioaccumulation patterns were metal-, tissue-, and species-specific: Cu and Zn accumulated preferentially in gills, Cd levels remained low with minimal variation, and Pb displayed strong site- and season-dependent uptake. In <i>Schistura</i>, muscle Cu was significantly related to water Cu (<i>R</i>² = 0.155, <i>p</i> = 0.0039), whereas in <i>Garra</i>, gill Cu reflected water concentrations and then influenced muscle levels. Cd and Pb exhibited strong water–gill–muscle linkages, whereas Zn regulation differed between species. Zn concentrations in gills ranged from 1.048 ± 0.418 to 5.298 ± 1.777 mg/L, significantly exceeding muscle levels (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Cu showed strong seasonal effects in <i>Garra</i> gills (<i>F</i> = 11.53, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and in <i>Schistura</i> muscles (<i>F</i> = 5.68, <i>p</i> = 0.004). Cd accumulation remained low (0.024–0.069 mg/L) with no significant spatiotemporal variation. This study identifies downstream areas and post-monsoon periods as relatively more contaminated and provides critical baseline information for ecological risk assessment in Bagmati River system.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10306,"journal":{"name":"Clean-soil Air Water","volume":"54 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148174243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stabilizing Foam-Bearing Tunnel Boring Machine Muck by Using Calcium Oxide-Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag","authors":"Wentao Li,&nbsp;Meimi Wei,&nbsp;Ke Huang,&nbsp;Henglin Xiao,&nbsp;Hongfu Li,&nbsp;Meng Dang","doi":"10.1002/clen.70222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/clen.70222","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Muck generated by tunnel boring machines (TBMs) poses significant environmental challenges, primarily due to the use of shield foaming agents (SFA) that contain sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS). This study investigates the mechanical performance and environmental safety of calcium oxide-activated ground granulated blast furnace slag (CaO–GGBS) as an eco-friendly stabilizer for treating SFA-contaminated TBM muck. Two types of muck—silty clay and silt—were stabilized with CaO–GGBS at various mixing ratios under three SFA concentrations (0%, 2%, and 4%). The pollutant retention, engineering feasibility, and underlying micro-mechanisms were systematically evaluated through unconfined compressive strength (UCS), freeze–thaw (F–T) cycling, leaching, x-ray diffractometer, and scanning electron microscope tests. A key finding is that the optimal CaO–GGBS mixing ratios (3:7 for silty clay and 1:9 for silt) yield maximum UCS values exceeding 3 MPa even at 4% SFA after 10 F–T cycles, meeting the requirements for roadbed filler. Importantly, SDBS was undetectable in leachates, indicating effective contaminant immobilization and elimination of associated ecological risks. Overall, the CaO–GGBS stabilizer offers a low-carbon, waste-synergistic solution for repurposing SFA-containing TBM muck into safe engineering materials, with significant environmental and practical implications.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10306,"journal":{"name":"Clean-soil Air Water","volume":"54 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148174258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-Vessel Aerobic Rapid Composting Process (RCP) for Food Waste Amended With Cow Dung Manure","authors":"Chandani Lakhani,&nbsp;Sandeep Bodkhe","doi":"10.1002/clen.70141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/clen.70141","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Composting of food waste (FW), due to its physicochemical characteristics, including oil content, sticky nature, and heterogeneity, challenges conventional composting. The feedstock mixture was prepared by mixing 60 kg of shredded FW and 60 kg of cow dung manure. During Experiment 1 (E1), which used the rapid composting process (RCP), 60 kg of feedstock mixture, 2 kg of wood chips, and 600 mL of compost bio-activator were processed for 1 day in an in-vessel composter. Experiment 2 (E2) was conducted in a perforated plastic container with the same feedstock amount as E1. After 10 days of maturation in E1, the compost exhibited pH 6.73 ± 0.03, C/N ratio 19.53 ± 0.8, EC 0.84 ± 0.19 dS m⁻¹, moisture content (MC) 21.38 ± 0.41%, bulk density 0.83 ± 0.03 g cm⁻³, total phosphorus (TP) 0.81 ± 0.02%, and total potassium (TK) 1.22 ± 0.05%, whereas in E2 the compost parameters were pH 6.45 ± 0.13, C/N ratio 27.33 ± 1.49, EC of 0.71 ± 0.05 dS m⁻¹, MC 32.06 ± 0.28%, bulk density 1.11 ± 0.39 g cm⁻³, TP 0.62 ± 0.04%, and TK 0.99 ± 0.04%. Results showed that the technique developed in E1 successfully transformed FW into quality compost within 1-day in-vessel processing and 10-day maturation. This is the pioneering work that establishes a process for the shortest duration of in-vessel composting of FW matching with Fertilizer Control Order (FCO) standards.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10306,"journal":{"name":"Clean-soil Air Water","volume":"54 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148174304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovative Analytical Strategies for Detection and Biodegradation of Synthetic Polymers: Microbial and Hybrid Approaches for Sustainable Plastic Remediation","authors":"Saivenkatesh Kiran Bollapragreate,&nbsp;Yimtar L Pongen,&nbsp;Thanigaivel Sundaram,&nbsp;Saranya Vinayagam,&nbsp;Lalitha Gnanasekaran,&nbsp;Thirumurugan Durairaj","doi":"10.1002/clen.70220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/clen.70220","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Synthetic polymers such as polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene (PS) persist in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Their resistance to degradation exacerbates microplastic pollution, posing a significant environmental challenge. Recent advances in analytical science have enabled more precise detection and effective degradation of these polymers, fostering sustainable remediation strategies. This review synthesizes state-of-the-art analytical methodologies, including spectroscopic (FTIR and Raman), chromatographic, and microscopic techniques for the identification and quantification of plastics ranging from 1 to 10 µm in complex environmental matrices. Furthermore, physical, chemical, and biological degradation pathways were explored, with an emphasis on microbial remediation using bacteria, fungi, algae, and actinomycetes. Emerging technologies such as nanotechnology, enzymatic degradation, and genetic engineering have been highlighted for their potential to effectively enhance plastic degradation. Synergistic approaches that integrate both biotic and abiotic methods can greatly accelerate plastic degradation. For instance, pretreatment strategies combined with biotic degradation have been shown to enhance hydrolase-mediated breakdown of plastics, including PE, LDPE, and PET, by more than fourfold. Moreover, integrating nanotechnology with biotic degradation further accelerates plastic breakdown compared to biotic methods alone. Genetically engineered microbial strains have also been shown to achieve up to a 14-fold increase in degradation efficiency compared to nonengineered strains. Similarly, enzymatic degradation provides a promising approach through hydrolases, particularly engineered enzymes such as cutinases, PETases, and MHETases. Despite significant progress in plastic degradation, challenges remain in optimizing and standardizing analytical methods while ensuring ecological safety and enabling real-time monitoring. Addressing these gaps is essential for advancing holistic data-driven approaches to global plastic pollution mitigation.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10306,"journal":{"name":"Clean-soil Air Water","volume":"54 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148174305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}