{"title":"Newman–Penrose-like exact and approximate conservation laws: a covariant and conformal formulation","authors":"Berend Schneider","doi":"10.1088/1361-6382/ae4e10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6382/ae4e10","url":null,"abstract":"Using a conformal extension of the Geroch–Held–Penrose (GHP) formalism I derive a manifestly covariant and conformal expression of Newman–Penrose (NP) constants, which are a set of conserved quantities associated to solutions to the wave equation on light cones in Minkowski space. The resulting expression generalizes to massless fields of arbitrary spin—including the electromagnetic field, Weyl fermions, and the linearized Weyl tensor—on conformally flat space-times. In some non-conformally flat space-times there may exist conserved charges on very special null hypersurfaces. Using the conformal GHP formalism I prove the existence of conserved Aretakis charges on extremal Killing horizons. In the absence of exact conservation laws it is still useful to extend the definition for NP constants to some asymptotically flat curved space-times, where the conservation laws become approximate conservation laws which rapidly approach exact conservation laws at null infinity. I derive explicit expressions for spherically symmetric space-times.","PeriodicalId":10282,"journal":{"name":"Classical and Quantum Gravity","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147506873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Salvatore Capozziello, Nicola Menadeo and Davide Usseglio
{"title":"Analytical calculation of self-force effects on a scalar particle in an eccentric orbit around a Schwarzschild black hole","authors":"Salvatore Capozziello, Nicola Menadeo and Davide Usseglio","doi":"10.1088/1361-6382/ae5145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6382/ae5145","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we analytically investigate the effects of the scalar self-force exerted by a massless scalar field on a particle in a slightly eccentric orbit around a Schwarzschild black hole. By solving the Klein–Gordon equation in the curved spacetime background, using a combination of post-Newtonian (PN) expansion, and small-eccentricity approximation, we derive explicit expressions for the self-force components at the particle location, as well as for the associated energy and angular momentum fluxes. Our results are valid up to sixth PN order and fourth order in eccentricity (e4). We compare asymptotic fluxes with those obtained in Trestini (2024 Phys. Rev. D109 104003) for scalar–tensor (ST) theories. Once the relation between the two approaches has been established, we find perfect agreement by fixing the asymptotic value of the scalar field in ST theory φ0 = 1.","PeriodicalId":10282,"journal":{"name":"Classical and Quantum Gravity","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147506874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A purely geometric field theory unifying gravity and electromagnetism in absolute parallelism *","authors":"Mona M Foda and Ebtsam H Taha","doi":"10.1088/1361-6382/ae50c5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6382/ae50c5","url":null,"abstract":"A geometric field theory unifying gravity and electromagnetism is constructed in absolute parallelism (AP) geometry, satisfying the covariance and unification principles. The theory is purely geometric, defining all fields and physical quantities in terms of AP geometry. The field equations are derived from a Lagrangian density based on a conformally invariant curvature tensor of a conformal connection. These equations are obtained using a general differential identity that represents the conservation law in AP geometry. The physical properties of the theory are investigated using three distinct methods, demonstrating its ability to describe gravity, electromagnetism, and matter distribution. The linearized field equations of the theory yield the Poisson and Laplace equations governing the material and charge distributions. The theory is reduced to general relativity under certain conditions. Moreover, the theory implies a non-minimal coupling between gravity and material distributions.","PeriodicalId":10282,"journal":{"name":"Classical and Quantum Gravity","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147495310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A passive UV-based system for discharging the test masses of ground-based gravitational wave detectors","authors":"S Buchman, B T Lanz, S Wang and S Saraf","doi":"10.1088/1361-6382/ae50c4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6382/ae50c4","url":null,"abstract":"We present a passive (i.e. not requiring feedback) ultraviolet (UV) charge management system for the fused silica test masses (TMs) in ground-based laser interferometric gravitational wave detectors. The system uses photoelectron emission from low work-function gold (Au) coatings illuminated by 275–285 nm UV light to neutralize unwanted electric charge on electrically floating TMs, maintaining them at zero potential relative to surrounding components. Two implementation schemes are described: (1) distributed discharge of the TM tabs (TMT) illuminated by UV LEDs mounted at the eight surrounding earthquake stops, and (2) a conductively linked TMT design enabling centralized discharge on the TM barrel, with potential extension to annular coatings around the high-reflectivity and anti-reflective surfaces. Experimental results show photoelectric currents ⩾10 pA for 1.0 mW of incident UV, enabling discharge rates ⩾10 V s−1 for a 1 pF capacitor. With 0.2 mW UV power, charge neutralization of the TM conductive areas to ⩽1 pC can be achieved in less than 5–75 min; where the TM maximal potential and capacitance to ground are calculated values that include a combined safety margin of about one order of magnitude. This technique offers a vacuum-compatible alternative to ion sprayers, significantly reducing operational downtime, though not addressing the discharge of the TM dielectric surfaces. For the conductive-barrel configuration, we also propose a balanced electrostatic actuator using four parallel-plate capacitors for combined control of TM axial displacement, tilt, and azimuth, with reduced drive voltages.","PeriodicalId":10282,"journal":{"name":"Classical and Quantum Gravity","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147495309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Constraining the cosmological evolution of post-Newtonian parameters with gravitational wave signals from compact binary inspirals","authors":"Oliver Pitt and Timothy Clifton","doi":"10.1088/1361-6382/ae50a3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6382/ae50a3","url":null,"abstract":"Gravitational waves from compact binary inspirals offer a new opportunity to constrain the cosmological time dependence of gravitational coupling parameters, due to the high precision of the observations themselves as well as the significant cosmological redshifts at which such systems exist. We calculate theory-independent equations of motion for compact objects in a binary system, implementing a new approach to sensitivities, and subsequently determine the gravitational wave signal that one should expect to measure from their inspiral. Expressions for the wave phase and amplitude are derived in terms of post-Newtonian gravitational coupling parameters, radiative flux parameters, and compact body sensitivities. These results complement recent attempts to gain theory-independent constraints on the time-evolution of gravitational coupling parameters from cosmological probes, and represent a new opportunity to constrain modified gravity with gravitational wave data.","PeriodicalId":10282,"journal":{"name":"Classical and Quantum Gravity","volume":"192 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147495308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lucas Timotheo Sanches, Steven Robert Brandt, Jay Kalinani, Liwei Ji and Erik Schnetter
{"title":"Accelerating numerical relativity simulations with new multistep fourth-order Runge–Kutta methods","authors":"Lucas Timotheo Sanches, Steven Robert Brandt, Jay Kalinani, Liwei Ji and Erik Schnetter","doi":"10.1088/1361-6382/ae4da2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6382/ae4da2","url":null,"abstract":"Many HPC applications that solve differential equations rely on the Runge–Kutta (RK) family of methods for time integration. Among these methods, the fourth-order accurate RK4 scheme is especially popular. This time integration scheme requires applications to evaluate four intermediate stages to take one time step. Depending on the complexity of the problem being solved, the evaluation of these intermediate stages can be computationally expensive. In this paper we develop explicit fourth-order accurate multistep RK methods. The advantage of such methods is that they re-use data from previous time steps, thus requiring fewer intermediate stage evaluations and potentially speeding up applications. We outline a procedure to obtain and tune the method’s coefficients by adjusting their stability regions in an attempt to maximize the size that a time step can take. We validate and evaluate our new methods in the context of numerical relativity applications using the EinsteinToolkit. We believe, however, that these methods and results should generalize to other applications using explicit RK methods.","PeriodicalId":10282,"journal":{"name":"Classical and Quantum Gravity","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147495307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Regular black holes in spacetimes with a cosmological horizon: from de Sitter to general asymptotics","authors":"Yi-Bo Liang and Hong-Rong Li","doi":"10.1088/1361-6382/ae4f4d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6382/ae4f4d","url":null,"abstract":"A new class of regular, spherically symmetric spacetimes is introduced. These spacetimes possess a cosmological horizon and exhibit a range of asymptotic dynamics, including de Sitter behavior as a special case. The asymptotic behavior is governed by a parameter n in the range , with the spacetime reducing exactly to de Sitter when n = 0. These metrics are solutions to the Einstein equations coupled with nonlinear electrodynamics and satisfy both the weak and dominant energy conditions. Within this framework, regular black hole solutions—encompassing magnetic and electric configurations—are constructed, and their global causal structures are analyzed. It is shown that light propagation remains regular in the magnetic case but exhibits singularities in the electric configurations. Furthermore, the nonlinear correction to the first law of black-hole thermodynamics is derived for these solutions. The analysis reveals a positive heat capacity, indicating their thermodynamic stability.","PeriodicalId":10282,"journal":{"name":"Classical and Quantum Gravity","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147478833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wanqin Li, Dezhi Wang, Xuefeng Zhang and Hui-Zong Duan
{"title":"On frequency plans for TianQin","authors":"Wanqin Li, Dezhi Wang, Xuefeng Zhang and Hui-Zong Duan","doi":"10.1088/1361-6382/ae4f4c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6382/ae4f4c","url":null,"abstract":"In the space-based gravitational wave detection of the TianQin mission, gravitational perturbations from the Earth–Moon system induce relative motion between the satellites ( m s−1), leading to a Doppler effect in the inter-satellite laser links. In heterodyne laser interferometry, the Doppler shift causes the beatnote frequencies to drift slowly over time, potentially exceeding the phase read-out bandwidth and resulting in loss of phase locking. Therefore, various frequency plans have been proposed to lock all lasers to a primary laser, which ensures that the beatnote frequencies remain within the phase read-out bandwidth throughout missions. Frequency plans for TianQin must take into account multiple clock sidebands, prevent beatnote signal crosstalk, and maintain frequency separations of 0.5 MHz. On top of the straightforward fixed-offset scheme, this paper proposes a Doppler-compensated scheme, where the frequency offsets are dynamically adjusted according to the Doppler shift, utilizing the precision orbit determination and prediction capability of TianQin. In contrast to the fixed-offset scheme, the Doppler-compensated scheme can halve the variation range of the beatnote frequencies and provides sufficient margin for the phase read-out bandwidth for all 36 laser locking configurations considered in the paper.","PeriodicalId":10282,"journal":{"name":"Classical and Quantum Gravity","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147478835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comment on ‘Ideal clocks—a convenient fiction’","authors":"Vladimir Toussaint","doi":"10.1088/1361-6382/ae4283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6382/ae4283","url":null,"abstract":"We correct a subtle oversight in equation (19) of Lorek et al (2015 Class. Quantum Grav.32 175003) concerning the decay probability of a uniformly accelerated quantum clock. The original expression included an unphysical cross-wedge term ( ) violating the spatial separation of Rindler wedges. We derive the corrected decay probability using the paper’s Rindler conformal coordinates , retaining only causally consistent thermal terms, and discuss implications for relativistic clock models.","PeriodicalId":10282,"journal":{"name":"Classical and Quantum Gravity","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147478834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Higher curvature corrections to the black hole Wheeler–DeWitt equation and the annihilation to nothing scenario","authors":"Takamasa Kanai","doi":"10.1088/1361-6382/ae4d9f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6382/ae4d9f","url":null,"abstract":"We revisit Yeom’s annihilation-to-nothing scenario using a modified Wheeler–DeWitt (WDW) equation incorporating higher-curvature corrections. We show that, once these corrections are taken into account, the WDW wave function exhibits severe divergences arising from contributions near the classical singularity. These divergences indicate that the low-energy effective field theory (EFT) description breaks down in this regime. Given that general relativity (GR) itself is merely a low-energy EFT of an underlying ultraviolet (UV) theory, our results suggest that any attempted resolution of the black hole singularity cannot be reliably discussed within the EFT framework. Our analysis does not contradict Yeom’s conjecture, but emphasizes that the annihilation-to-nothing scenario should be discussed within a UV-complete theoretical framework. It further clarifies that any genuine resolution of the singularity necessarily requires a framework capable of appropriately describing UV physics, such as degrees of freedom beyond those captured by GR or dynamics consistently defined up to arbitrarily high energy scales.","PeriodicalId":10282,"journal":{"name":"Classical and Quantum Gravity","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147471157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}