{"title":"κ-general-relativity I: a non-commutative GR theory with the κ-Minkowski spacetime as its flat limit","authors":"Daniel Rozental and Ofek Birnholtz","doi":"10.1088/1361-6382/adffdf","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6382/adffdf","url":null,"abstract":"We employ a twist deformation of infinitesimal diffeomorphisms to construct a modification of general relativity on a non-commutative spacetime extending the local κ-Minkowski geometry. This spacetime arises in deformed special relativity (DSR) models, where a fundamental length scale is incorporated into SR as an effective description of quantum gravitational effects. To avoid the mathematical and physical inconsistencies associated with twisting the Poincaré group, we instead deform the dilatation-enlarged IGL(3,1) group, constructing a covariant and explicitly consistent gravitational theory (distinct from Weyl gravity). The relativistic consistency of the twisted κ-Minkowski spacetime is demonstrated, including deformed transformations and differential structures. A physically motivated Inönü–Wigner contraction procedure is suggested to enable a well-defined classical limit, addressing the correspondence issue. This framework provides a consistent foundation for a dynamical sector of DSR and allows, in future treatment, explicit computations that could advance phenomenological predictions.","PeriodicalId":10282,"journal":{"name":"Classical and Quantum Gravity","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145032167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Associativity is enough: an all-orders 2d chiral algebra for 4d form factors","authors":"Víctor E Fernández and Natalie M Paquette","doi":"10.1088/1361-6382/ae0089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6382/ae0089","url":null,"abstract":"There is a special set of massless four-dimensional gauge theories which admit local and gauge-anomaly-free uplifts to twistor space; we call such theories twistorial. In twistorial theories, generalized towers of soft modes (including states of both helicities) form a 2d chiral algebra even at the quantum level. The 2d OPE limit of this chiral algebra coincides with the holomorphic collinear limit in 4d. This is true, in particular, for self-dual Yang–Mills theory coupled to special choices of matter, the latter being required to make the theory twistorial. Costello and the second author recently proposed that form factors of such twistorial 4d theories could be computed as 2d chiral algebra correlators. In turn, there exist form factors of self-dual theories, with insertions of appropriate local operators, that compute a subclass of observables in full (i.e. non-self-dual) QCD, coupled to appropriate matter. For example, the n-point two-loop all-plus QCD amplitude has recently been computed using the 1-loop chiral algebra OPEs determined thus far, but higher orders of the quantum-deformed chiral algebra must be determined to continue the ‘chiral algebra bootstrap’ program for higher-loop-level form factors of these twistorial theories. In this paper, using only elementary constraints from symmetries and associativity, we obtain closed-form expressions for the extended chiral algebra to arbitrary loop-order. This can be viewed as providing an all-loop result for a subset of collinear splitting functions in non-supersymmetric, massless QCD coupled to special choices of matter.","PeriodicalId":10282,"journal":{"name":"Classical and Quantum Gravity","volume":"130 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145032168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Periodic equatorial orbits in a black bounce scenario","authors":"Anderson Bragado and Gonzalo J Olmo","doi":"10.1088/1361-6382/adffde","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6382/adffde","url":null,"abstract":"We study equatorial closed orbits in a popular black bounce model to see if the internal structure of these objects could lead to peculiar observable features. Paralleling the analysis of the Schwarzschild and Kerr metrics, we show that in the black bounce case each orbit can also be associated with a triplet of integers which can then be used to construct a rational number characterizing each periodic orbit. When the black bounce solution represents a traversable wormhole, we show that the previous classification scheme is still applicable with minor adaptations. We confirm in this way that this established framework enables a complete description of the equatorial dynamics across a spectrum of cases, from regular black holes to wormholes. Varying the black bounce parameter , we compare the trajectories in the Simpson–Visser model with those in the Schwarzschild metric (and the rotating case with Kerr). We find that in some cases even small increments in can lead to significant changes in the orbits.","PeriodicalId":10282,"journal":{"name":"Classical and Quantum Gravity","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145032186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reconstructing source motion from gravitational wave strain","authors":"Joe Bayley, Chris Messenger and Graham Woan","doi":"10.1088/1361-6382/adff33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6382/adff33","url":null,"abstract":"Searches for un-modelled burst gravitational wave (GW) signals return potential candidates for short-duration signals. As there is no clear model for the source in these searches, one needs to understand and reconstruct the system that produced the GWs. Here, we aim to reconstruct the source motion and masses of a system based only on its GW strain. We train a normalising flow on two models, including circular orbits and random unphysical motion of two point masses. These models are used as a toy problem to illustrate the technique. We then reconstruct a distribution of possible motions of masses that can produce the given GW signal. We demonstrate the ability to reconstruct the full distribution of possible mass motions from strain data across multiple GW detectors. This distribution encompasses the degenerate motions that are expected to produce identical GW strains.","PeriodicalId":10282,"journal":{"name":"Classical and Quantum Gravity","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145032169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
David Radice, Rossella Gamba, Hengrui Zhu and Alireza Rashti
{"title":"AthenaK simulations of the binary black hole merger GW150914","authors":"David Radice, Rossella Gamba, Hengrui Zhu and Alireza Rashti","doi":"10.1088/1361-6382/adfffa","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6382/adfffa","url":null,"abstract":"We present new binary black hole simulations targeted to GW150914 using the GPU-accelerated code AthenaK. We compute the properties of the final remnant with the isolated horizon formalism and obtain gravitational-waveforms at future null infinity via Cauchy characteristic extraction. We compare our results with those obtained by the Simulating eXtreme Spacetimes (SXS) and Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT) groups, targeted to the same event. We find excellent agreement with the SXS and RIT results in the remnant mass, spin, and recoil velocity. For the dominant mode of the gravitational-wave signal we find maximum dephasing of and amplitude difference of . We use our newly computed waveform to re-analyze the GW150914 data and find posteriors for chirp mass, luminosity distance, and inclination that are broadely consistent with those obtained using semi-analytic waveform models. This work demonstrates the viability of AthenaK for many-orbits binary black hole merger simulations. A step-by-step tutorial, including all necessary input files and analysis scripts to reproduce our results, is available on GitHub.","PeriodicalId":10282,"journal":{"name":"Classical and Quantum Gravity","volume":"195 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145032194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Self-force and the Schwarzschild star","authors":"Abhinove N Seenivasan and Sam R Dolan","doi":"10.1088/1361-6382/adfe4f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6382/adfe4f","url":null,"abstract":"We consider the self-force acting on a pointlike (electromagnetic or conformal-scalar) charge held fixed on a spacetime with a spherically-symmetric mass distribution of constant density (the Schwarzschild star). The Schwarzschild interior is shown to be conformal to a three-sphere geometry; we use this conformal symmetry to obtain closed-form expressions for mode solutions. We calculate the self-force with two complementary regularisation methods, direct and difference regularisation, showing agreement. For the first time, we show that difference regularisation can be applied in the non-vacuum interior region, due to the vanishing of certain regularised mode sums. The new results for the self-force come in three forms: series expansions for the self-force near the centre of the star and in the far field; a new approximation that describes the divergence in the self-force near the star’s boundary; and numerical data presented in a selection of plots. We conclude with a discussion of the logarithmic divergence in the self-force in the approach to the star’s surface, and the effect of boundaries.","PeriodicalId":10282,"journal":{"name":"Classical and Quantum Gravity","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145017632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J J Carter, P Birckigt, J Lehmann, A Basalaev, S L Kranzhoff, S Al-Kershi, M Carlassara, G Chiarini, F Khan, G Leibeling, H Lück, C Rothhardt, S Risse, P Sarkar, S Takano, J von Wrangel, D S Wu and S M Koehlenbeck
{"title":"Testing compact, fused silica resonator based inertial sensors in a gravitational wave detector prototype facility","authors":"J J Carter, P Birckigt, J Lehmann, A Basalaev, S L Kranzhoff, S Al-Kershi, M Carlassara, G Chiarini, F Khan, G Leibeling, H Lück, C Rothhardt, S Risse, P Sarkar, S Takano, J von Wrangel, D S Wu and S M Koehlenbeck","doi":"10.1088/1361-6382/adff34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6382/adff34","url":null,"abstract":"Future gravitational wave observatories require significant advances in all aspects of their seismic isolation; inertial sensors being a pressing example. Inertial sensors using gram-scale high mechanical Q factor (Q) glass resonators combined with compact interferometric readout are promising alternatives to kilogram-scale conventional inertial sensors. We have produced fused silica resonators suitable for low frequency inertial sensing and demonstrated that Qs of over 150 000 are possible. One resonator we produced was combined with a homodyne quadrature interferometer (HoQI) to read out the test mass displacement to form an inertial sensor. This is the first time a HoQI was used with a high Q resonator. The resulting sensor was tested against other commercial, kilogram scale inertial sensors at the AEI 10 m Prototype facility. Despite the dynamic range challenges induced by the test mass motion, we can match the excellent noise floors HoQIs have achieved so far with slow-moving or stationary test masses, showing HoQIs as an excellent candidate for the readout of such sensors. We evaluate the setup as an inertial sensor, showing the best performance demonstrated by any gram-scale sensor to date, with comparable sensitivity to the significantly bulkier sensors used in gravitational wave detectors today. These sensors’ compact size, self-calibration, and vacuum compatibility make them ideal candidates for the inertial sensing requirements in future gravitational wave detectors.","PeriodicalId":10282,"journal":{"name":"Classical and Quantum Gravity","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145017633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yusuke Makita, Keisuke Izumi, Daisuke Yoshida and Keiya Uemichi
{"title":"Multi-sheet wormholes in the gravitational soliton formalism","authors":"Yusuke Makita, Keisuke Izumi, Daisuke Yoshida and Keiya Uemichi","doi":"10.1088/1361-6382/adfeb0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6382/adfeb0","url":null,"abstract":"We analytically construct static regular solutions describing wormholes that connect multiple asymptotic regions, supported by a phantom scalar field. The solutions are static and axially symmetric, and are constructed using the gravitational soliton formalism, in which the equations of motion reduce to the Laplace equations on a two-dimensional sheet. However, the presence of multiple asymptotic regions necessitates the introduction of multiple such sheets. These sheets are appropriately cut and glued together to form a globally regular geometry. This gluing procedure represents the principal distinction from conventional Weyl-type solitonic solutions and is a characteristic feature of the wormhole geometries studied in this paper.","PeriodicalId":10282,"journal":{"name":"Classical and Quantum Gravity","volume":"163 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145008926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ultra-high frequency spikes of relic gravitons","authors":"Massimo Giovannini","doi":"10.1088/1361-6382/adff48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6382/adff48","url":null,"abstract":"The maximal frequency domain of the cosmic gravitons falls in the THz region where, without conflicting with the existing phenomenological bounds, only few particles with opposite (comoving) three-momenta are produced. As a consequence, the spectral energy density of the produced species peaks in the THz range, with features that depend upon the post-inflationary expansion rate. Although any reliable scrutiny of the ultra-high frequency spikes should include all the sources of late-time suppression at lower and intermediate frequencies, some relevant properties of the averaged multiplicities and of the spectral energy density can be derived within a reduced set of approximations that may become invalid as the frequency decreases well below the Hz. The accuracy of these concurrent approaches is assessed from the properties of the transition matrix that relates the late-time spectra to the values of the mode functions during an inflationary stage. In the obtained framework the bounds on the post-inflationary expansion rate are swiftly deduced and compare quite well with the ones including a more faithful numerical treatment. It also follows that the timeline of the post-inflationary expansion rate might be observationally accessible, in the years to come, provided the electromechanical detectors (like microwave cavities or waveguides) operating between the MHz and the THz shall eventually reach sensitivities in the chirp amplitudes which are (at least) twelve orders of magnitude smaller than the ones experimentally attainable in the audio band (i.e. between few Hz and the kHz).","PeriodicalId":10282,"journal":{"name":"Classical and Quantum Gravity","volume":"2010 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144995513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jorge F M Delgado, Juan Carlos Degollado, Luis E Martínez and Marcelo Salgado
{"title":"A novel approach for slowly rotating boson stars","authors":"Jorge F M Delgado, Juan Carlos Degollado, Luis E Martínez and Marcelo Salgado","doi":"10.1088/1361-6382/adfac7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6382/adfac7","url":null,"abstract":"We present solutions to the Einstein–Klein–Gordon (EKG) system representing boson stars (BSs) in the ‘slow rotation’ approximation where the form of the metric, relative to the spherically symmetric problem, is mainly modified by the inclusion of the dragging term gtϕ while the metric components are angle independent. On the other hand, the complex-valued scalar field that source the BS is kept angle dependent, but in order to maintain the self-consistency when solving the EKG system, this dependency is averaged out in the Einstein field equations. The topology of the field is toroidal and differs drastically from the spherically symmetric treatment. Under these approximations we are able to reduce the complexity of the equations yielding a system of ordinary differential equations that is conveniently solved numerically without the need of expensive computational resources. We find sequences of solutions and describe some of their physical (global) properties such as, total mass, angular momentum and compactness. We compare our results with the fully rotating non-linear problem (where no approximations are made in the equations while keeping the stationarity, axisymmetry and circularity hypothesis) and show the region of validity of our approximation. Notably, we show that those physical properties differ in the worst scenarios up to 23% relative to the full treatment when restricting to the lowest (quantum) numbers for the rotating BS. Finally, we analyze the dynamics of particles (geodesics) in the resulting spacetime and compare our results with the full non-linear problem.","PeriodicalId":10282,"journal":{"name":"Classical and Quantum Gravity","volume":"122 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144995511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}