Sushant Sharma Chaudhary, Gianmarco Puleo and Marco Cavaglià
{"title":"A neural network for estimating compact binary coalescence parameters of gravitational-wave events in real time","authors":"Sushant Sharma Chaudhary, Gianmarco Puleo and Marco Cavaglià","doi":"10.1088/1361-6382/ae0388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6382/ae0388","url":null,"abstract":"Low-latency pipelines analyzing gravitational waves from compact binary coalescence events rely on matched filter techniques. Limitations in template banks and waveform modeling, as well as non-stationary detector noise cause errors in signal parameter recovery, especially for events with high chirp masses. We present a quantile regression neural network (NN) model that provides dynamic bounds on key parameters such as chirp mass, mass ratio, and total mass. We test the model on various synthetic datasets and real events from the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA gravitational-wave transient GTWC-3 catalog. We find that the model accuracy is consistently over 90% across all the datasets. We explore the possibility of employing the NN bounds as priors in online parameter estimation (PE). We find that they reduce by 9% the number of likelihood evaluations. This approach may shorten PE run times without affecting sky localizations.","PeriodicalId":10282,"journal":{"name":"Classical and Quantum Gravity","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145078048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Noncommutative p-wave holographic superconductors","authors":"Souvik Paul and Sunandan Gangopadhyay","doi":"10.1088/1361-6382/ae02d9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6382/ae02d9","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we have studied the effects of noncommutative (NC) geometry on the properties of p-wave holographic superconductors with massive vector condensates in the probe limit. We have applied the Stürm–Liouville eigenvalue approach to analyse the model. In this model, we have calculated the critical temperature and the value of the condensation operator for two different values of m2. We have also shown how the influence of NC geometry modifies these quantities. Finally, by applying a linearised gauge field perturbation along the boundary direction, we calculated the holographic superconductor’s AC conductivity using a self-consistent approach and then carried out a more rigorous analysis. The NC effects are also found to be present in the result of AC conductivity. We have also found that just like the commutative case, here the DC conductivity diverges due to the presence of a first order pole in the frequency regime.","PeriodicalId":10282,"journal":{"name":"Classical and Quantum Gravity","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145072470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Linearized gravity in the Starobinsky model: perturbative deviations from general relativity","authors":"Roger Anderson Hurtado","doi":"10.1088/1361-6382/ae02da","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6382/ae02da","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we linearize the field equations of f(R) gravity using the Starobinsky model, , and examine the modifications to general relativity (GR). We derive an equation for the trace, T, of the energy-momentum tensor, which we then decompose using an auxiliary field. This field satisfies the wave equation with T as its source, while simultaneously acting as an effective source for the classical deviation, , governed by the Klein–Gordon (KG) equation. The fields were expressed in terms of Green’s functions, whose symmetry properties facilitated the solution of the trace equation. Then was determined in terms of a modified or effective matter–energy distribution. From this, the effective energy density was obtained as the usual energy density T00, plus a perturbative correction proportional to m−2, involving the Laplacian of the integral of T, weighted by the retarded propagator of the KG equation. As an illustrative example, we numerically computed the perturbative term in a binary star system, evaluating it as a function of m and spatial position near the stars. In all cases, the results illustrate how the gravitational influence of the stars diminishes with distance, and how the perturbation decreases as m increases, consistently recovering the relativistic limit. Finally we computed the quadrupole components I11, I22, and I33 for m = 1 in the modified gravity model. The results show the same sinusoidal-squared structure as in GR, with I11 and I22 having equal but larger amplitudes, and I33 being negligible. We also numerically demonstrated that increasing m reduces the support of the Bessel-type function J1 modulated by a Heaviside factor, which governs the propagation close to the light cone, a physically expected effect. These results highlight the role of modified gravity corrections in the vicinity of compact objects.","PeriodicalId":10282,"journal":{"name":"Classical and Quantum Gravity","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145072472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jorge Bellorín, Claudio Bórquez and Byron Droguett
{"title":"Exact analytic solutions in 2 + 1 ...","authors":"Jorge Bellorín, Claudio Bórquez and Byron Droguett","doi":"10.1088/1361-6382/ae0236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6382/ae0236","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate the static solutions with rotational symmetry in the nonprojectable Hořava theory in dimensions. We consider all inequivalent terms of the effective theory, including the cosmological constant. We find two distinct types of solutions: the first one corresponds to a Lifshitz solution, while the second one is obtained through a coordinate transformation of the equations of motion, and exhibits Lifshitz scaling only asymptotically.","PeriodicalId":10282,"journal":{"name":"Classical and Quantum Gravity","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145068103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diwen Shi(Daven Shi), Ji Wang, Chao Xue, Hengxu Yang, Jie Chang, Bingwei Cai, Yiyan Xu, Wei Wang, Shengping Huang and Jinxiu Zhang
{"title":"Research on collision simulation and control strategies for test mass release under electrostatic control","authors":"Diwen Shi(Daven Shi), Ji Wang, Chao Xue, Hengxu Yang, Jie Chang, Bingwei Cai, Yiyan Xu, Wei Wang, Shengping Huang and Jinxiu Zhang","doi":"10.1088/1361-6382/ae0234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6382/ae0234","url":null,"abstract":"Space inertial sensors are crucial for space-based gravitational wave detection, requiring precise injection of test masses (TMs) into geodesic trajectories. However, conventional electrostatic suspension methods face challenges in capturing TMs with momentum exceeding . This study proposes a novel approach to mitigate TM release momentum by leveraging controlled collisions between the locking and release mechanism and the TM. A multi-body collision dynamics model, developed in MATLAB/Simulink, simulates the in-orbit injection process under space conditions, integrating low-speed collision contact detection and electrostatic interactions. The improved injection scheme employs momentum attenuation through plunger-TM collisions and utilizes electrostatic forces for orientation control, effectively expanding the allowable momentum range during release. Simulation results demonstrate that the strategy reduces TM momentum to capturable levels of 5 µm s−1 linear velocity and 150 µrad s−1 angular velocity within 300 s, even under non-ideal initial conditions. The collision-based method enhances injection reliability by addressing adhesion risks and momentum uncertainties, offering a robust solution for future gravitational wave detection missions.","PeriodicalId":10282,"journal":{"name":"Classical and Quantum Gravity","volume":"16 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145068100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Constraining dirty black holes and pseudo-complex general relativity with the gravitational waves transient catalog 3.0","authors":"Yehu I Maimon, Alex B Nielsen and Ofek Birnholtz","doi":"10.1088/1361-6382/ae008a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6382/ae008a","url":null,"abstract":"We use data from the gravitational wave (GW) transient catalog 3.0 to update constraints on parameterized deviations from general relativity (GR), as encountered in pseudo-complex GR (pcGR) theory and models of dirty black holes (BHs). The pcGR framework extends Einstein’s theory of GR by introducing additional parameters that diverge from standard predictions in the strong-field regime, potentially excluding BH horizons for specific parameter choices. We analyze GW signals from coalescing compact objects to obtain new bounds on these parameters. Our results modify existing constraints and identify previously unexplored regions of parameter space, exploring the observational viability of dirty BHs and horizonless solutions in pcGR. We confirm the exclusion of 1PN deviations sufficient to avoid a horizon, and for the first time rule out 1.5PN as well. We also discuss implications for current and future GW observations in refining these constraints","PeriodicalId":10282,"journal":{"name":"Classical and Quantum Gravity","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145059441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lucia Papalini, Federico De Santi, Massimiliano Razzano, Ik Siong Heng and Elena Cuoco
{"title":"Can Transformers help us perform parameter estimation of overlapping signals in gravitational wave detectors?","authors":"Lucia Papalini, Federico De Santi, Massimiliano Razzano, Ik Siong Heng and Elena Cuoco","doi":"10.1088/1361-6382/adfd33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6382/adfd33","url":null,"abstract":"Overlapping signals represent one of the major data analysis challenges in next-generation gravitational wave detectors. We leverage Transformers and Normalizing Flows, state-of-the-art machine learning algorithms, to address the parameter estimation of overlapping binary black hole mergers in the Einstein telescope (ET). Our proposed model combines a Transformer-based ‘Knowledge Extractor Neural Network’ (KENN) with a Normalizing Flow (HYPERION) to perform rapid and unbiased inference over multiple overlapping black hole binary events. The choice of architecture leverages the strength of Transformers in capturing complex and long-range temporal structures in the strain time series data, while Normalizing Flows provide a powerful framework to sample posterior distributions. We demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of our model over simulated gravitational wave signals, showing that it maintains the same level of accuracy regardless of the correlation level in the data. Moreover our model provides estimates of chirp mass and coalescence times within –20% from the true simulated value. The results obtained are promising and show how this approach might represent a first step toward a deep-learning based inference pipeline for ET and other future gravitational wave detectors.","PeriodicalId":10282,"journal":{"name":"Classical and Quantum Gravity","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145059438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Characteristics of tilt-to-length coupling coefficients for different time-delay interferometry combinations for LISA","authors":"Hao-Kang Chen, Pan-Pan Wang and Cheng-Gang Shao","doi":"10.1088/1361-6382/ae008b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6382/ae008b","url":null,"abstract":"Tilt-to-length (TTL) noise is one of the dominant noise sources in space-based gravitational wave (GW) detection. Methods such as the least squares estimator and the instrumental variables estimator can be employed to subtract TTL noise. A prerequisite for practical subtraction is the accurate estimation of the TTL coupling coefficients, whose characteristics depend on the performance of the specific time-delay interferometry (TDI) combinations. For instance, the Michelson-type TDI combinations allow the precise estimation of twelve TTL coefficients, while the Monitor-type and Relay-type combinations enable the estimation of sixteen TTL coefficients. This study systematically investigates the TTL coupling characteristics across forty-five geometric TDI combinations. We establish an exhaustive classification framework identifying each combination’s estimable TTL coefficient forms. Our findings reveal that among the combinations studied, only the Michelson-type combinations and present two TTL coefficients that are indistinguishable from one another. In contrast, we demonstrate that fully symmetric Sagnac combinations facilitate the estimation of all twenty-four TTL coefficients. Moreover, simulation results indicate that applying the least squares method subtracts TTL noise effectively, meeting the requirements of space-based GW detection.","PeriodicalId":10282,"journal":{"name":"Classical and Quantum Gravity","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145035321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cosmology in loop quantum gravity: symmetry reduction preserving gauge degrees of freedom","authors":"Matteo Bruno","doi":"10.1088/1361-6382/ae0088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6382/ae0088","url":null,"abstract":"In this manuscript, we address the issue of the loss of SU(2) internal symmetry in loop quantum cosmology and its relationship with loop quantum gravity. Drawing inspiration from Yang–Mills theory and employing the framework of fiber bundle theory, we propose a new gauge-invariant symmetry-reduction approach. Using this method, we successfully identify a cosmological sector of general relativity in terms of Ashtekar variables that preserves the SU(2) structure of the theory as well as part of the diffeomorphism gauge symmetry. Additionally, we analyze the properties of cylindrical functions and the classical constraint algebra, revealing that certain cylindrical functions exhibit distinctive symmetry features.","PeriodicalId":10282,"journal":{"name":"Classical and Quantum Gravity","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145035320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T M Abreu, G Oliveira-Neto, A C R Mendes and S C Reis
{"title":"Noncommutative effects in Bianchi I cosmology with reduced relativistic gas","authors":"T M Abreu, G Oliveira-Neto, A C R Mendes and S C Reis","doi":"10.1088/1361-6382/adfff9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6382/adfff9","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we investigate the effects of phase space noncommutativity on the dynamics of a Bianchi I (BI) cosmological model coupled to a reduced relativistic gas (RRG). The BI model provides a homogeneous but anisotropic framework suitable for exploring the transition from an early anisotropic Universe to the current isotropic stage. The RRG fluid interpolates between radiation and matter regimes, enabling a consistent treatment of the transition from the radiation-dominated to the matter-dominated era. In order to incorporate noncommutativity into the classical equations of motion, we employ the generalized symplectic formalism developed by Faddeev–Jackiw and extended by Barcelos–Wotzasek, which allows the introduction of noncommutative (NC) parameters via deformations in the symplectic structure. Within this approach, we derive a modified Hamiltonian expressed in terms of commutative variables that incorporate all NC effects. We then solve the resulting equations numerically and analyze the behavior of the scale factor and the anisotropic functions under variations of the NC parameters, as well as other physical and initial parameters of the model. Our results show that negative values of the NC parameters increase the expansion rate and reduce the isotropization timescale, partially mimicking the effect of a positive cosmological constant. We also estimate values for the NC parameters by numerically solving the integral expression for the age of the Universe, requiring consistency with observational data from the Planck 2018 mission. These findings support the possibility that noncommutativity may provide a geometric mechanism capable of accounting for the late-time acceleration and isotropization of the Universe, without requiring additional exotic energy components.","PeriodicalId":10282,"journal":{"name":"Classical and Quantum Gravity","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145035319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}