{"title":"Electrodynamics in curved spacetime: gravitationally-induced constitutive equations and the spacetime index of refraction","authors":"F Masghatian, M Esfandiar and M Nouri-Zonoz","doi":"10.1088/1361-6382/addcb1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6382/addcb1","url":null,"abstract":"Previous studies on spacetime index of refraction are mostly restricted to the static spacetimes. In this study we fill this gap by introducing the refractive index for stationary spacetimes, employing three different approaches. These include applying Fermat’s principle, employing the classical definition of refractive index, and using gravitationally-induced constitutive equations. These calculations are carried out in both threading and slicing spacetime decomposition formalisms, and their equivalence is established. We discuss possible applications of the spacetime index of refraction, especially in the study of light trajectories and their characteristics in stationary spacetimes. More specifically we show that there is a gravitational analog of a toroidal moment, and discuss a possible gravitational analog of nonreciprocal refraction in materials with a toroidal domain wall.","PeriodicalId":10282,"journal":{"name":"Classical and Quantum Gravity","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144268847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Killing and homothetic initial data for general hypersurfaces","authors":"Marc Mars and Gabriel Sánchez-Pérez","doi":"10.1088/1361-6382/addea3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6382/addea3","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we present a collection of general identities relating the deformation tensor of an arbitrary vector field η with the tensor on an abstract hypersurface of any causal character. As an application we establish necessary conditions on for the existence of a homothetic Killing vector on the spacetime where is embedded. The sufficiency of these conditions is then analysed in three specific settings. For spacelike hypersurfaces, we recover the well-known homothetic KID equations in the language of hypersurface data. For two intersecting null hypersurfaces, we generalize a previous result by Chruściel and Paetz, valid for Killings, to the homothetic case and, moreover, demonstrate that the equations can be formulated solely in terms of the initial data for the characteristic Cauchy problem, i.e. without involving a priori spacetime quantities. This puts the characteristic KID problem on equal footing with the spacelike KID problem. Furthermore, we highlight the versatility of the formalism by addressing the homothetic KID problem for smooth spacelike-characteristic initial data. Other initial value problems, such as the spacelike-characteristic with corners, can be approached similarly.","PeriodicalId":10282,"journal":{"name":"Classical and Quantum Gravity","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144260536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ultra-massive spacetimes in 2 + 1 ...","authors":"Ingemar Bengtsson and José M M Senovilla","doi":"10.1088/1361-6382/addc2e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6382/addc2e","url":null,"abstract":"We show that ultra-massive spacetimes exist also in dimensions with a positive cosmological constant . They can be created through the collapse of a spherical null dust shell. The exterior of the shell is then a Mess spacetime, that is to say a locally de Sitter spacetime that cannot be obtained as a quotient of de Sitter space.","PeriodicalId":10282,"journal":{"name":"Classical and Quantum Gravity","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144229073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Achieving non-orbital particle trapping in binary black holes through dynamic stability","authors":"A Kurmus, M Zajaček, G Kestin and L Deslauriers","doi":"10.1088/1361-6382/addc2f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6382/addc2f","url":null,"abstract":"We present an interdisciplinary comparison between binary black hole systems and radio frequency Paul Traps, modeling the gravitational binary system as a rotating saddle near its center. This analogy connects these seemingly unrelated systems through the concept of dynamic stability. The rotating saddle potential is analytically tractable, allowing us to prove the existence of bounded charged particle trajectories under certain conditions. By focusing on stellar-mass black holes with a weak electric charge-a feature consistent with specific astrophysical conditions that leaves the spacetime metric largely unaffected but can influence nearby particle interactions-we can neglect complicating factors such as magnetic fields from large accretion disks of heavier black holes or stellar winds. Our simulation results demonstrate that charged particles can exhibit stable, non-orbital trajectories near the center of a binary system with charged stellar-mass black holes, providing unique three-dimensional trapping primarily through gravity. This system is distinctive in the literature for its non-orbital trapping mechanism. While theoretically intriguing, this trapping relies on specific conditions, including nearly identical black hole masses. These types of non-orbital trapping mechanisms could potentially allow for longer-lived plasma configurations, enhancing our ability to detect electromagnetic signatures from these systems. The significance of this work lies in the novel comparison between a laboratory-scale quantum system and a larger astrophysical one, opening new avenues for exploring parallels between microscopic and cosmic phenomena across fourteen orders of magnitude in distance.","PeriodicalId":10282,"journal":{"name":"Classical and Quantum Gravity","volume":"11 1","pages":"115017"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144218685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Keefe Mitman, Leo C Stein, Michael Boyle, Nils Deppe, Lawrence E Kidder, Harald P Pfeiffer and Mark A Scheel
{"title":"Length dependence of waveform mismatch: a caveat on waveform accuracy","authors":"Keefe Mitman, Leo C Stein, Michael Boyle, Nils Deppe, Lawrence E Kidder, Harald P Pfeiffer and Mark A Scheel","doi":"10.1088/1361-6382/add8d9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6382/add8d9","url":null,"abstract":"The Simulating eXtreme Spacetimes Collaboration’s code SpEC can now routinely simulate binary black hole mergers undergoing orbits, with the longest simulations undergoing nearly orbits. While this sounds impressive, the mismatch between the highest resolutions for this long simulation is . Meanwhile, the mismatch between resolutions for the more typical simulations tends to be , despite the resolutions being similar to the long simulations’. In this note, we explain why mismatch alone gives an incomplete picture of code—and waveform—quality, especially in the context of providing waveform templates for LISA and 3G detectors, which require templates with orbits. We argue that to ready the GW community for the sensitivity of future detectors, numerical relativity groups must be aware of this caveat, and also run future simulations with at least three resolutions to properly assess waveform accuracy.","PeriodicalId":10282,"journal":{"name":"Classical and Quantum Gravity","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144211316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Raissa Costa Barroso, Yves Lemière, François Mauger and Quentin Baghi
{"title":"Coronagraphic time-delay interferometry: characterization and updated geometric properties","authors":"Raissa Costa Barroso, Yves Lemière, François Mauger and Quentin Baghi","doi":"10.1088/1361-6382/addbbd","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6382/addbbd","url":null,"abstract":"The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) will be a space-borne gravitational wave (GW) detector to be launched in the next decade. Central to LISA data analysis is time-delay interferometry (TDI), a numerical procedure which drastically reduces otherwise overwhelming laser frequency noise. LISA data analysis is usually performed on sets of TDI variables, e.g. Michelson variables or quasiorthogonal variables . We investigate a less standard TDI variable denoted κ which depends on time, or frequency, and two parameters . This so-called coronagraphic TDI variable has the singular property of canceling GW signal when tend to the sky position of the GW source. Note that, as a consequence of LISA’s planar symmetry, GW signal is also canceled when tend to . Nonetheless, thanks to this property, coronagraphic TDI has the potential to be an efficient model-agnostic method for sky localization of GW sources with LISA. These characteristics make it relevant for low-latency searches and a possible glitch veto. Although briefly discussed in the literature, coronagraphic TDI has only been tested on theoretical grounds. In this paper we validate the applicability of κ to sky localization of typical LISA sources, namely Galactic binaries and massive black hole binaries, when considering a simplified LISA instrument. The goal of this paper is to pave the way for applications of coronagraphic TDI to practical LISA data analysis problems.","PeriodicalId":10282,"journal":{"name":"Classical and Quantum Gravity","volume":"247 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144211347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lars Fischer, Bianca Giaccone, Ivan Gonin, Anna Grassellino, Wolfgang Hillert, Timergali Khabiboulline, Tom Krokotsch, Gudrid Moortgat-Pick, Andrea Muhs, Yuriy Orlov, Michel Paulsen, Krisztian Peters, Sam Posen, Oleg Pronitchev and Marc Wenskat
{"title":"First characterisation of the MAGO cavity, a superconducting RF detector for kHz–MHz gravitational waves","authors":"Lars Fischer, Bianca Giaccone, Ivan Gonin, Anna Grassellino, Wolfgang Hillert, Timergali Khabiboulline, Tom Krokotsch, Gudrid Moortgat-Pick, Andrea Muhs, Yuriy Orlov, Michel Paulsen, Krisztian Peters, Sam Posen, Oleg Pronitchev and Marc Wenskat","doi":"10.1088/1361-6382/add8da","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6382/add8da","url":null,"abstract":"Heterodyne detection using microwave cavities is a promising method for detecting high-frequency gravitational waves (GWs) or ultralight axion dark matter. In this work, we report on studies conducted on a spherical 2-cell cavity developed by the MAGO collaboration for high-frequency GWs detection. Although fabricated around 20 years ago, the cavity had not been used since. Due to deviations from the nominal geometry, we conducted a mechanical survey and performed room-temperature plastic tuning. Measurements and simulations of the mechanical resonances and electromagnetic properties were carried out, as these are critical for estimating the cavity’s GW coupling potential. Based on these results, we plan further studies in a cryogenic environment. The cavity characterisation does not only provide valuable experience for a planned physics run but also informs the future development of improved cavity designs.","PeriodicalId":10282,"journal":{"name":"Classical and Quantum Gravity","volume":"146 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144177036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Extended datasamples under the lens of Brane World Theory","authors":"Kyra Jacobo and Dorian Araya","doi":"10.1088/1361-6382/adda89","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6382/adda89","url":null,"abstract":"This work revises the Brane World Theory known as Randall Sundrum with the modification of an exponential, redshift-dependent brane tension. This model is studied in a scenario assuming no dark energy, with the aim of determining whether it can reproduce the Universe’s acceleration on its own, without the addition of a dark energy fluid. Bayesian Statistical analysis is performed in order to constrain the free parameters of each scenario for which the datasamples of SLS, SNIa, OHD and BAO are used, the last two considering newly added elements on the data. Both Planck and Riess priors for h are used and compared. In both cases we are able to reproduce the late-time accelerated expansion in agreement with observational data. Interesting consistencies at transition redshift zt with ΛCDM are found suggesting that this might be a suitable model for studying the evolution of the Universe up to present date, however, some pathologies are detected in this model, namely a ‘Big Rip’ divergence of H(z) at z = 1, as well as a strong relationship between the form of the functional for the brane tension and the future evolution of the Universe in this model.","PeriodicalId":10282,"journal":{"name":"Classical and Quantum Gravity","volume":"1 1","pages":"115014"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144165232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A dynamic theory of entanglement for uniformly accelerated atoms","authors":"M S Soares, G Menezes and N F Svaiter","doi":"10.1088/1361-6382/adda8b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6382/adda8b","url":null,"abstract":"We study the entanglement dynamics of accelerated atoms using the theory of open quantum systems. We consider two atoms traveling along different hyperbolic trajectories with different proper times. We use the generalized master equation to discuss the dynamics of a pair of dipoles interacting with the electromagnetic field. The fundamental role played by proper acceleration in the entanglement harvesting and sudden death phenomenon is discussed. Finally, we discuss how the polarization of the atoms affects our results. For some choices of the polarization’s configuration, we no longer observe the entanglement harvesting phenomenon.","PeriodicalId":10282,"journal":{"name":"Classical and Quantum Gravity","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144165234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Brill waves with slow fall-off towards spatial infinity","authors":"Lydia Bieri, David Garfinkle and James Wheeler","doi":"10.1088/1361-6382/add5b7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6382/add5b7","url":null,"abstract":"We compute families of solutions to the Einstein vacuum equations of the type of Brill waves, but with slow fall-off towards spatial infinity. We prove existence and uniqueness of solutions for physical data and numerically construct some representative solutions. We numerically construct an explicit example with slow-off which does not exhibit antipodal symmetry at spatial infinity.","PeriodicalId":10282,"journal":{"name":"Classical and Quantum Gravity","volume":"27 1","pages":"115011"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144145707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}