ClimactericPub Date : 2025-04-01Epub Date: 2025-02-07DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2025.2455168
Yan Zhang, Xiujuan Chen, Yuan Lin, Xiaoqing Liu, Xiumei Xiong
{"title":"Knowledge and attitudes of premenopausal women in southern China toward menopause and menopausal hormone therapy.","authors":"Yan Zhang, Xiujuan Chen, Yuan Lin, Xiaoqing Liu, Xiumei Xiong","doi":"10.1080/13697137.2025.2455168","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13697137.2025.2455168","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Menopause is a significant and natural phase in a woman's life, representing a transition that requires early understanding to manage its effects and promote overall well-being. This study aimed to evaluate the awareness, understanding and perceptions of menopause and menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) among premenopausal women in southern China.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional design was employed to enroll women aged 18-40 years (<i>n</i> = 1631) from August 2022 to January 2023 at a public hospital in Fujian, China. A structured questionnaire, developed from existing research and the Climacteric Scale, was used to assess women's menopausal symptoms and MHT knowledge. Face-to-face interviews were conducted to identify factors correlated with menopausal knowledge levels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>More than 50% of women demonstrated a comprehensive understanding of menopause. Education level was a significant predictor of menopause knowledge (<i>p</i> < 0.001), with women holding higher education (college degree or above) demonstrating greater knowledge than those with lower education (high school or below). High awareness of common menopausal symptoms, including irritability, sleep disturbances, fatigue, difficulty concentrating and hot flashes, was observed. Although most participants lacked detailed knowledge of MHT, they agreed on the importance of managing menopausal symptoms and recognized the usefulness of MHT for symptom management.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Premenopausal women in southern China possess a basic understanding of menopause but lack sufficient knowledge about MHT. This highlights the need for educational initiatives and targeted counseling to increase awareness of menopause and MHT, especially regarding its implications and treatment options.</p>","PeriodicalId":10213,"journal":{"name":"Climacteric","volume":" ","pages":"191-199"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143363794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ClimactericPub Date : 2025-04-01Epub Date: 2025-02-04DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2025.2455182
Giorgia Asinaro, Claudia Massarotti, Valentina Musante, Marta Fiamberti, Beatrice Marchese, Matteo Lambertini, Lucia Del Mastro, Ambrogio P Londero, Angelo Cagnacci
{"title":"Vaginal oxygen plus hyaluronic acid on lower urinary tract symptoms in breast cancer survivors.","authors":"Giorgia Asinaro, Claudia Massarotti, Valentina Musante, Marta Fiamberti, Beatrice Marchese, Matteo Lambertini, Lucia Del Mastro, Ambrogio P Londero, Angelo Cagnacci","doi":"10.1080/13697137.2025.2455182","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13697137.2025.2455182","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the effect of vaginal oxygen and hyaluronic acid on lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in breast cancer survivors.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A prospective trial was conducted at a university hospital's Menopause Outpatient Clinic. Breast cancer patients experiencing LUTS received intravaginal natural oxygen for 15 min, coupled with a 2% hyaluronic acid solution during the last 5 min. This treatment was performed five times at 15-day intervals. Assessments were repeated at each application and 60 days after the last application. Scores on the Urogenital Distress Inventory-6 (UDI-6) short form and its single items assessing different LUTS aspects were determined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Treatment in 85 breast cancer patients decreased the UDI-6 total score (from 24.8 ± 19.9 to 17.5 ± 16.2; <i>p</i> < 0.001) and subscales evaluating irritative (<i>p</i> = 0.001), stress (<i>p</i> = 0.006) and obstructive discomfort (<i>p</i> = 0.001) symptoms. In multivariate analysis, aromatase inhibitors were independently associated with a greater improvement of LUTS (coefficient of regression [CR] - 8.05, 95% confidence interval [CI] -13.41, -2.64; <i>p</i> = 0.004)). The use of a gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analog was associated with a greater improvement of irritative symptoms (CR -2.42, 95% CI -4.75, -0.08; <i>p</i> = 0.042), while tamoxifen reduced the improvement of stress symptoms (CR 2.49, 95% CI 0.10, 4.90; <i>p</i> = 0.041).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Short-term treatment with vaginal oxygen and hyaluronic acid appeared to improve LUTS of breast cancer patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":10213,"journal":{"name":"Climacteric","volume":" ","pages":"169-174"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143188153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ClimactericPub Date : 2025-04-01Epub Date: 2025-02-26DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2025.2459539
{"title":"Peer reviewers for <i>Climacteric</i> in 2024.","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/13697137.2025.2459539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13697137.2025.2459539","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10213,"journal":{"name":"Climacteric","volume":"28 2","pages":"ei"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143728999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ClimactericPub Date : 2025-04-01Epub Date: 2023-12-18DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2023.2287632
X Wang, H Zheng, B Yang, M Zu, Z Wang, J Zhang, F Zheng, M Yang, M C F Tong, L Zhao, W Bai
{"title":"Estrogen as a guardian of auditory health: Tsp1-CD47 axis regulation and noise-induced hearing loss.","authors":"X Wang, H Zheng, B Yang, M Zu, Z Wang, J Zhang, F Zheng, M Yang, M C F Tong, L Zhao, W Bai","doi":"10.1080/13697137.2023.2287632","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13697137.2023.2287632","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to analyze the role of estrogen in noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) and uncover underlying mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An ovariectomized Sprague-Dawley rat model (OVX) was constructed to investigate the hearing threshold and auditory latency before and after noise exposure using the auditory brainstem response (ABR) test. The morphological changes were assessed using immunofluorescence, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Proteomics and bioinformatics were used to analyze the mechanism. The findings were further verified through western blot and Luminex liquid suspension chip technology.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After noise exposure, OVX rats exhibited substantially elevated hearing thresholds. A conspicuous delay in ABR wave I latency was observed, alongside increased loss of outer hair cells, severe collapse of stereocilia and pronounced deformation of the epidermal plate. Accordingly, OVX rats with estrogen supplementation exhibited tolerance to NIHL. Additionally, a remarkable upregulation of the thrombospondin 1 (Tsp1)-CD47 axis in OVX rats was discovered and verified.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>OVX rats were more susceptible to NIHL, and the protective effect of estrogen was achieved through regulation of the Tsp1-CD47 axis. This study presents a novel mechanism through which estrogen regulates NIHL and offers a potential intervention strategy for the clinical treatment of NIHL.</p>","PeriodicalId":10213,"journal":{"name":"Climacteric","volume":" ","pages":"143-153"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138799369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ClimactericPub Date : 2025-04-01Epub Date: 2025-03-11DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2025.2470450
Lixia Wang, Yi Xiao, Min Luo, Rong Huang
{"title":"Unraveling sleep quality in menopausal women: objective assessments and self-reported experiences - a mini-review.","authors":"Lixia Wang, Yi Xiao, Min Luo, Rong Huang","doi":"10.1080/13697137.2025.2470450","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13697137.2025.2470450","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sleep is a cornerstone of health, playing an integral role in both physiological and psychological functions. However, it is vulnerable to a variety of factors including menopause. According to available research, the onset of the menopause transition may not necessarily worsen sleep architecture and could even enhance it, leading to conflict between assessment of subjective and objective sleep complaints. This discrepancy highlights the complex relationship between subjective and objective sleep quality. Understanding this relationship remains challenging due to the limited number of longitudinal studies and small sample sizes. This review explores findings from both subjective and objective sleep assessments in menopausal women and examines the impact of menopausal hormone therapy on sleep quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":10213,"journal":{"name":"Climacteric","volume":" ","pages":"104-114"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143604254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ClimactericPub Date : 2025-04-01Epub Date: 2025-02-07DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2025.2455167
Rossella E Nappi, Maria Cristina Meriggiola, Francesca Albani, Gloria Bonaccorsi, Giovanni Delli Carpini, Alessandro Gambera, Silvia Marsini, Antonio Nicolucci, Maria Chiara Rossi, Valentina Trionfera, Paola Villa
{"title":"Treating VVA improves symptom severity and patient-reported outcomes: 6-month PEONY results.","authors":"Rossella E Nappi, Maria Cristina Meriggiola, Francesca Albani, Gloria Bonaccorsi, Giovanni Delli Carpini, Alessandro Gambera, Silvia Marsini, Antonio Nicolucci, Maria Chiara Rossi, Valentina Trionfera, Paola Villa","doi":"10.1080/13697137.2025.2455167","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13697137.2025.2455167","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The real-world PatiEnt satisfactiON studY (PEONY) involves postmenopausal women already treated or starting local estrogen therapy (LET) or ospemifene. The aim of the present analysis was to assess treatment satisfaction and persistence, effectiveness and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in sexual function and quality of life after 6 months of therapy with LET or ospemifene to treat vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PEONY is an ongoing prospective, observational study conducted in 17 gynecology centers. Participants complete questionnaires at baseline (T0) and after 3 months (T3) and 6 months (T6). The main outcome measures were treatment satisfaction, severity of symptoms, Day-to-Day Impact of Vaginal Aging (DIVA), Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), Female Sexual Distress Scale - Revised (FSDS-R) and SF-12 Health Survey.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 385 women were included, of whom 145 started (87.6%) or continued (12.4%) ospemifene and 240 started (66.7%) or continued (33.3%) LET at T0. The likelihood of moderate/severe VVA symptoms decreased by 70-90% and the mean treatment satisfaction score increased overall from 7.3 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 7.0; 7.5) at T3 to 7.7 (95% CI: 7.4; 7.9) at T6 (<i>p</i> = 0.003). DIVA and FSDS-R scores significantly improved in both groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PEONY underlines the importance of proactively treating VVA with LET or ospemifene to alleviate the burden associated with the disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":10213,"journal":{"name":"Climacteric","volume":" ","pages":"115-125"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143363751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ClimactericPub Date : 2025-04-01Epub Date: 2025-02-04DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2025.2455164
Min Li, Lei Gao, Ying Liu, Yongli Zheng, Luyao Chen, Yan Wang, Wei Zhang
{"title":"Relationship between insulin resistance surrogates and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women.","authors":"Min Li, Lei Gao, Ying Liu, Yongli Zheng, Luyao Chen, Yan Wang, Wei Zhang","doi":"10.1080/13697137.2025.2455164","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13697137.2025.2455164","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the association between four insulin resistance (IR) surrogates and bone mineral density (BMD) and whether IR surrogates could be risk factors for osteoporosis (OP) in Chinese non-diabetic postmenopausal individuals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Four non-insulin-based surrogates including triglyceride glucose (TyG), triglyceride glucose with body mass index (TyG-BMI), triglycerides (TG)/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and the metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR) index were calculated. All individuals underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry for measurement of BMD. Pearson correlation analysis was employed to evaluate the correlations between IR indices and BMD. Subsequently, logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the relationship between these indices and OP while the receiver-operating characteristic curve was used to assess the predictive values for OP.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both TyG-BMI and the METS-IR index were significantly positively associated with BMD. As TyG-BMI and the METS-IR index increased, the prevalence of OP decreased. After adjusting confounding factors, the fourth quartile of TyG-BMI and the METS-IR index showed significantly decreased odds ratio of 0.304 and 0.352, respectively, for OP with respect to its first quartile value. The area under the curve of TyG-BMI and the METS-IR index was 0.616 and 0.605, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>IR surrogates TyG-BMI and the METS-IR index were positively associated with BMD and may be protective factors for OP in Chinese non-diabetic postmenopausal women.</p>","PeriodicalId":10213,"journal":{"name":"Climacteric","volume":" ","pages":"154-161"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143188060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ClimactericPub Date : 2025-04-01Epub Date: 2025-02-12DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2025.2457988
Larissa Sampaio Jacques, Jéssica Petrine Castro Pereira, Beatriz Menegate Santos, Breno Rocha Barrioni, Bruno Del Bianco Borges
{"title":"Flaxseed and mulberry extract improve trabecular bone quality in estrogen-deficient rats.","authors":"Larissa Sampaio Jacques, Jéssica Petrine Castro Pereira, Beatriz Menegate Santos, Breno Rocha Barrioni, Bruno Del Bianco Borges","doi":"10.1080/13697137.2025.2457988","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13697137.2025.2457988","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many hormones, including estrogens, modulate bone metabolism, which plays a crucial role in maintaining bone health. Estrogen depletion, as occurs in menopause, leads to increased bone resorption and decreased formation, resulting in osteopenia/osteoporosis. This study investigates the effects of flaxseed (<i>Linum usitatissimum</i>) and mulberry (<i>Morus nigra</i> L.) extracts, known for their phenolic compounds and antioxidant properties, against estrogen deficiency-induced bone loss in female Wistar rats. These extracts were administered to ovariectomized rats for 60 days. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis revealed the presence of some phenolic compounds in the extracts, including trigonelline, gallic acid, theobromine, chlorogenic acid, syringic acid and <i>p</i>-coumaric acid. The extracts improved bone microstructure with higher trabecular bone, bone mineral density, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium levels, and lower porosity and intertrabecular space in bone tissue. Furthermore, plasma alkaline phosphatase activity was elevated in extract-treated animals, indicating enhanced bone tissue formation. Although serum carboxy-terminal fragment levels showed no significant change, the data suggest that flaxseed and mulberry extracts may protect against trabecular bone loss and support bone formation in estrogen-deficient conditions. These results suggest that supplementing these natural extracts holds promise in preventing or alleviating the signs and symptoms associated with estrogenic deficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":10213,"journal":{"name":"Climacteric","volume":" ","pages":"175-183"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143398506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ClimactericPub Date : 2025-04-01Epub Date: 2024-12-05DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2024.2431036
Yuanyuan Wang, Chenglong Yu, Rakibul M Islam, Sultana Monira Hussain, Anna L Barker, Paul Lacaze, John J McNeil, Susan R Davis
{"title":"Concentration and genetic regulation of sex hormone binding globulin and fracture risk in older women.","authors":"Yuanyuan Wang, Chenglong Yu, Rakibul M Islam, Sultana Monira Hussain, Anna L Barker, Paul Lacaze, John J McNeil, Susan R Davis","doi":"10.1080/13697137.2024.2431036","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13697137.2024.2431036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to examine the association between concentrations of sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and fracture risk in community-dwelling older women and explore whether this was explained by the genetic regulation of SHBG.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective cohort study examined 4871 women aged ≥70 years who were not taking medications influencing SHBG concentrations. A genome-wide association study was undertaken to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with SHBG concentrations. Incident fracture was confirmed by medical imaging and adjudicated by expert review committee.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median age of participants was 74.0 years. Over 3.9 (standard deviation 1.4) years of follow-up, 484 participants had an incident fracture. There was a linear trend for a positive association between SHBG concentrations and fracture risk (<i>p</i> = 0.001), with the highest SHBG quartile associated with a significantly greater fracture risk compared with the lowest quartile (hazard ratio 1.54, 95% confidence interval 1.16-2.04, <i>p</i> = 0.003), adjusting for age, body mass index, alcohol consumption, smoking, diabetes, impaired renal function, treatment allocation, medications affecting bone and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Two independent SNPs were associated with SHBG concentrations, rs10822163 and rs727428, but neither was associated with fracture risk.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>SHBG concentrations were positively associated with a greater fracture risk in community-dwelling women aged ≥70 years, which was not explained by genetic variants associated with SHBG regulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":10213,"journal":{"name":"Climacteric","volume":" ","pages":"184-190"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11949721/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142784316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ClimactericPub Date : 2025-04-01Epub Date: 2025-02-10DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2025.2455181
Alejandra Martínez-García, Jorge A Pérez, Alejandra Tapia-Castillo, María P Hernández, Marlin Solórzano, Pablo Carrión, Carlos E Fardella, Cristian A Carvajal
{"title":"Influence of estradiol deficiency on the mineralocorticoid receptor response in postmenopausal women: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Alejandra Martínez-García, Jorge A Pérez, Alejandra Tapia-Castillo, María P Hernández, Marlin Solórzano, Pablo Carrión, Carlos E Fardella, Cristian A Carvajal","doi":"10.1080/13697137.2025.2455181","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13697137.2025.2455181","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Premenopausal women (PreM) have a cardioprotective advantage over postmenopausal women (PostM) due to estrogen. The interaction of estrogen with the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) pathway remains unexplored. This study aimed to identify changes in aldosterone, renin and sexual steroid levels and MR surrogate biomarkers in PostM that may explain changes in blood pressure and renal damage.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was carried out with 47 normotensive and hypertensive Chilean women distributed between PreM and PostM. Clinical, anthropometric and biochemical parameters, including aldosterone, plasma renin activity (PRA) and surrogate markers of MR activity, were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PostM had greater systolic blood pressure (SBP) (<i>p</i> < 0.001) than PreM. A negative correlation was observed between estradiol and fractional excretion of potassium (FEK) (<i>ρ</i> = -0.29; <i>p</i> = 0.023), adjusted for age and SBP. Compared with hypertensive PreM, hypertensive PostM (PostM-HT) showed reduced PRA (<i>p</i> = 0.045) and greater FEK (<i>p</i> = 0.04). Normotensive PostM (Post-NT) exhibited greater SBP (<i>p</i> = 0.03), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) levels (<i>p</i> = 0.04) and FEK (<i>p</i> = 0.03) than normotensive PreM.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results suggest enhanced MR sensitivity not only in PostM-HT, as evidenced by lower PRA and elevated FEK, but also in PostM-NT, who exhibited greater FEK and NGAL levels, surrogate markers of MR activation. These results support a novel role of MR activation and cardiovascular risk in PostM women.</p>","PeriodicalId":10213,"journal":{"name":"Climacteric","volume":" ","pages":"162-168"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143381649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}