Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie, Mikrobiologie und Hygiene. Series A: Medical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, Virology, Parasitology最新文献

{"title":"Electron-microscopic observation of adherence of serotype c Streptococcus mutans to the enamel surface due to glucan synthesis","authors":"Toshihiko Koga ,&nbsp;Yoshihisa Toda ,&nbsp;Itaru Moro ,&nbsp;Shigeyuki Hamada","doi":"10.1016/S0176-6724(88)80071-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0176-6724(88)80071-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cellular adherence of three strains with water-insoluble glucan (IG)-synthesizing ability and a strain lacking the ability of serotype <em>c Streptococcus mutans</em> to the saliva-coated human enamel surface was examined by scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron-microscopy. SEM revealed that organisms of all strains used adhered directly to the enamel surface in the absence of sucrose. Cell-to-cell attachment was scarcely observed in the absence of sucrose. Cell-to-cell attachmment <em>via</em> amorphous substance on the cell surface was observed by SEM when the strains with IG-synthesizing ability were incubated with the saliva-coated enamel in the presence of sucrose. TEM revealed that cell-associated enzymes of these strains synthesized filamentous and double-stranded fibrillar structures from sucrose. The strain lacking IG-synthesizing ability was unable to induce cell-to-cell attachment in the presence of sucrose, nor was it able to synthesize the amorphous substance. These results indicate that production of IG by cell-associated glucosyltransferase participates in cellular accumulation of serotype <em>c S. mutans</em>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101291,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie, Mikrobiologie und Hygiene. Series A: Medical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, Virology, Parasitology","volume":"269 4","pages":"Pages 492-500"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0176-6724(88)80071-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14352515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A New Chromogenic Assay for Direct Detection of Staphylocoagulase","authors":"Małgorzata Bulanda ,&nbsp;Zenon Weęgrzynowicz ,&nbsp;Marek Ciurak ,&nbsp;Janusz Kowalczyk ,&nbsp;Gotfryd Kupryszewski ,&nbsp;Maria Gruszka ,&nbsp;Piotr B. Heczko ,&nbsp;Gerhard Pulverer","doi":"10.1016/S0176-6724(88)80147-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0176-6724(88)80147-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Tube test for detection of staphylococcal coagulase, despite of many disadvantages, is commonly used in clinical microbiology for identification of <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>. In this paper a new chromogenic method for detection of the coagulase directly in staphylococcal cultures is described and evaluated on the basis of a comparison with the standard tube assay. The chromogenic assay appeared to be as sensitive as the tube test but results of the former one can be read in a few hours without any apparatus.</p></div><div><p>Trotz mancher Nachteile wird der Röhrchentest generell zum Nachweis der Staphylokokken-Koagulase in der medizinischen Mikrobiologie verwendet, um die Spezies <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> zu identifizieren. In vorliegender Arbeit wird eine neue chromogene Methode zum Nachweis der Koagulase direkt in der Staphylokokken-Kultur vorgestellt und mit dem Standard-Röhrchentest verglichen. Der chromogene Nachweistest erwies sich dem Standard-Röhrchentest als ebenbürtig, kann aber in wenigen Stunden ohne apparative Hilfe abgelesen werden.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101291,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie, Mikrobiologie und Hygiene. Series A: Medical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, Virology, Parasitology","volume":"270 1","pages":"Pages 115-121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0176-6724(88)80147-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14352357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survey of mycoplasma infections in cell cultures and a comparison of detection methods","authors":"Göran Bölske","doi":"10.1016/S0176-6724(88)80176-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0176-6724(88)80176-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A total of 1424 cell cultures was assayed for mycoplasmas by microbiological culture and fluorescent DNA staining. Of these cultures, 412 (29%) were infected with mycoplasmas. The most frequently occurring mycoplasma species were <em>Mycoplasma orale</em> (34%), <em>M. hyorhinis</em> (26%), <em>M. arginini</em> (21%), <em>M. fermentans</em> (13%) and <em>Acholeplasma laidlawii</em> (5%). A few isolates each of <em>M. hominis, M. pulmonis</em> and <em>M. bovis</em> were also detected. When detection methods were compared, microbiological culture produced false-negative results for 0.7% (3 of 412) of the infected cell cultures. DNA staining performed directly on the cells was falsely negative in 2.4% (5/207) of the mycoplasma-infected cultures that were compared, DNA staining performed on indicator cells was falsely negative in 3.1% (7/226). False positives appeared in direct DNA-staining in 1.8% (7/386) of the mycoplasma-free cultures and with DNA staining on indicator cells in 0.5% (3/620). For 11% of the cell cultures, the reading of the DNA staining was ambiguous. With DNA staining on indicator cells, 10% of the test results were ambiguous, but by further passage and staining on new indicator cells it was possible to get a definite diagnosis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101291,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie, Mikrobiologie und Hygiene. Series A: Medical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, Virology, Parasitology","volume":"269 3","pages":"Pages 331-340"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0176-6724(88)80176-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14275974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Localization and characterization of fibronectin-binding to group A streptococci an electron microscopic study using protein-gold-complexes","authors":"Barbara Wagner ,&nbsp;Karl-Hermann Schmidt ,&nbsp;Manfred Wagner ,&nbsp;Torkel Wadström","doi":"10.1016/S0176-6724(88)80070-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0176-6724(88)80070-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The location and nature of the binding sites for fibronectin (Fn) and its N-terminal 29 K fragment (FnF) on group A streptococci were studied by electron microscopy using these proteins labelled with colloidal gold. The investigated strains exhibited a different labelling intensity as well as a different labelling pattern varying from a strong regular distribution to a weak focal binding. Binding of Fn and FnF was inhibited by itself as well as by lipoteichoic acid (LTA), anti-LTA and concanavalin A. Simultaneous labelling of the bacteria with marker complexes of FnF, human serum albumin and fibrinogen revealed separate receptor sites for each protein. Our results confirmed LTA to be mainly responsible for the binding of Fn on group A streptococci.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101291,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie, Mikrobiologie und Hygiene. Series A: Medical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, Virology, Parasitology","volume":"269 4","pages":"Pages 479-491"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0176-6724(88)80070-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14198103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Side Effects of Antibiotics on Immune Response Parameters and their Possible Implications in Antimicrobial Chemotherapy","authors":"G. Gillissen","doi":"10.1016/S0176-6724(88)80154-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0176-6724(88)80154-8","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Antibiotics may influence immune response by quite different ways. By screening the multitude of publications on this subject, the aim of this overview was to arrive at a basic generalizing statement on the relationship between chemical structure or mode of action of antibiotics and the effect on immune response and to get an indication on whether certain in vitro and/or ex vivo parameters could represent comparable effects under clinical conditions. — The influence of antibiotics on immune response may arise by direct effects on immunocompetent cells, i.e. in the absence of microorganisms, or indirectly by changes in structure or metabolic products of germs induced by subminimal inhibitory concentrations (subMIC's). In the former case, stimulatory and inhibitory effects have been observed on phagocytosis and intracellular killing activity, on antibody production including IgE, on different parameters of cellular immunity (e.g. foodpad swelling reaction, MIF-production, mitogen/antigen induced lymphocyte proliferation and delayed type hypersensitivity skin reaction), on mediator production as interleukins or prostaglandins and the expression of corresponding receptors on immunocompetent cells as well as on the course of experimental infections with primary resistant microorganisms. — Indirect effects are related to the influence of subMIC's of antibiotics on the morphology and structure of microorganisms, on their antigenicity/immunogenicity or on their serosensitivity and enzyme and toxin production. — This overview shows that — according to the actual knowledge — antibiotics may exhibit immunological side effects which, however, can not strictly be attributed to certain chemical structures or to a certain mode of action. — It has to be considered that a literary study comparing the results of different authors is rendered difficult by the often non-homogeneity of experimental procedures and the fact that little is known yet about immunological side effects of antibiotics in man, i.e. under clinical conditions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Antibiotika können die Immunantwort auf ganz verschiedene Weise beeinflussen. Es wurde versucht, die Vielzahl von Untersuchungen zu dieser Fragestellung zu sichten mit dem Ziel zu einer grundsätzlichen, verallgemeinernden Aussage zu gelangen über eine Beziehung zwischen chemischer Struktur oder Wirkungsmechanismus von Antibiotika und dem Effekt auf die Immunabwehr, sowie zu der Frage, welche der in vitro oder ex vivo nachgewiesenen Wirkungen einen Effekt unter klinischen Bedingungen repräsentieren können. — Die Beeinflussung der Immunantwort durch Antibiotika kann zustande kommen durch eiaen unmittelbaren Effekt auf immunkompetente Zellen, also in Abwesenheit von Mikroorganismen, oder indirekt über einen Einfluß von subminimalen Hemmkonzentrationen (subMHK) auf Struktur und Stoffwechselfunktion von Keimen. Im ersteren Fall wurden stimulierende oder hemmende Effekte beobachtet auf Phagozytose und die intrazelluläre","PeriodicalId":101291,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie, Mikrobiologie und Hygiene. Series A: Medical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, Virology, Parasitology","volume":"270 1","pages":"Pages 171-199"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0176-6724(88)80154-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14198107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Granulocyte Activating Factor Released from Propionibacterium acnes. A Possible Mediator of Inflammation in Acne vulgaris","authors":"G. Pulverer ,&nbsp;W. Roszkowski ,&nbsp;H.J. Beuth ,&nbsp;H.L. Ko ,&nbsp;P. Quie","doi":"10.1016/S0176-6724(88)80160-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0176-6724(88)80160-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Incubation of <em>Propionibacterium acnes</em> but not of <em>Propionibacterium granulosum</em> or <em>Propionibacterium avidum</em> (for 30 min at 37°C in physiological saline) released a soluble factor that produced enhanced chemiluminescence response of human granulocytes as well as increased chemotactic motility of these cells. Sephadex G-25 filtration of the granulocyte activating factor (GAF) revealed its low molecular weight and apparent peptide character. Thus, GAF may be a stimulus for inflammation in acne vulgaris since low molecular weight chemotactic factors can be expected to penetrate follicular walls.</p></div><div><p>Inkubation von <em>Propionibacterium acnes</em> in physiologischer Pufferlösung (30 Min., 37 °C) bewirkt eine massive Freisetzung eines löslichen, Granulozyten aktivierenden Faktors (GAF); <em>Propionibacterium avidum</em> und <em>Propionibacterium granulosum</em> besaßen diese Fähigkeit hingegen nicht. Im Chemilumineszenz- und Chemotaxis-Test mit menschlichen Granulozyten konnte eine stark gesteigerte Aktivität der Zellen nach Inkubation mit GAF nachgewiesen werden. Sephadex G-25 Filtration des GAF offenbarte ein niedriges Molekulargewicht. Es wird vermutet, daß es sich um ein Peptid handelt. GAF ist offenbar einer der Stimuli für Entzündungsreaktionen in Akne vulgaris. Aufgrund des niedrigen Molekulargewichtes ist anzunehmen, daß GAF die Follikelwand penetrieren und Entzündungserscheinungen initiieren und aufrechterhalten kann.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101291,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie, Mikrobiologie und Hygiene. Series A: Medical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, Virology, Parasitology","volume":"270 1","pages":"Pages 246-251"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0176-6724(88)80160-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14110075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reactogenicity and immunogenicity of a new recombinant yeast-derived hepatitis B vaccine","authors":"Norbert Scheiermann ,&nbsp;Karl Michael Gesemann ,&nbsp;Dietrich Paar ,&nbsp;Claus Maurer","doi":"10.1016/S0176-6724(88)80184-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0176-6724(88)80184-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Under randomized double-blind conditions, 220 medical students were vaccinated with either a 2.5, 5,10, or 20 μg dose of a recombinant yeast-derived hepatitis B or a 20 μg dose of a plasma-derived vaccine. Vaccines were administered at months 0, 1, and 2. After 11 months, all vaccinees received a 20 μg booster dose of the recombinant vaccine.</p><p>There were no significant differences in adverse reactions between the study groups. Induction of IgE antibodies to yeast was not observed. One month after the third vaccination, seroconversion rates reached 100% in all vaccinees. Mean anti-HBs levels varied between 150 and 1470 IU/l after 3 vaccinations, with the lowest dose resulting in the lowest titres. Following the booster vaccination, dose-dependent effects were no longer observed. Anti-HBs concentrations were reanalyzed 29 and 36 months after the study had started. The data indicate that the recombinant hepatitis B vaccine is safe and immunogenic for use in man and comparable to the plasma-derived vaccine in terms of safety and efficacy.</p></div><div><p>In einer randomisierten Doppelblindstudie wurden 220 junge, gesunde Erwachsene mit unterschiedlichen Dosen (2,5; 5; 10; 20 μg) einer neuen, rekombinanten Hepatitis-B-Vakzine auf Hefezellbasis geimpft. In einer Kontrollgruppe erfolgte die Impfung mit der 20 μg Dosis eines Plasmaderivatimpfstoffs. Die Impfungen erfolgten zu Beginn der Studie, nach einem und nach zwei Monaten (0–1–2). Elf Monate nach der ersten Impfung erhielten alle Impflinge die 20 μg Dosis der rekombinanten Vakzine.</p><p>Die Nebenwirkungen waren in den 5 Gruppen ähnlich gering. IgE Antikörper gegen Hefematerial wurden nicht induziert. Ein Monat nach der dritten Impfung wurde zu 100% Serokonversion erzielt. Die mittleren anti-HBs-Antikörperspiegel lagen nach drei Impfungen zwischen 150 und 1470 IU/l, wobei die niedrigste Dosis die niedrigsten Werte ergab. Nach der Booster-Impfung wurden keine dosisabhängigen Wirkungen mehr gesehen. In den 5 Impfgruppen lagen zum Monat 12 die mittleren anti-HBs-Werte zwischen 9230 und 51404 IU/l. Kontrolluntersuchungen erfolgten 29 und 36 Monate nach Studienbeginn. Die Studie hat gezeigt, daß die rekombinante Hepatitis B-Vakzine sicher und immunogen beim Menschen ist und vergleichbare Wirkungen wie der Plasmaderivatimpfstoff zeigt.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101291,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie, Mikrobiologie und Hygiene. Series A: Medical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, Virology, Parasitology","volume":"269 3","pages":"Pages 411-421"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0176-6724(88)80184-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14110753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth conditions for the expression of fibronectin and collagen binding to Salmonella","authors":"Enrique A. González ,&nbsp;Suraj B. Baloda ,&nbsp;Jorge Blanco ,&nbsp;Torkel Wadström","doi":"10.1016/S0176-6724(88)80065-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0176-6724(88)80065-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Binding of ¹²⁵I-fibronectin, its ¹²⁵I-labelled 29-kDa aminoterminal fragment, and ¹²⁵I-collagen to cells of 13 Salmonella strains grown in broth and agar media at three different temperatures was studied. Of the 13 strains, 7 had only smooth colony morphologies while three strains were pairs of both smooth strains and their corresponding rough variants. The three rough variants showed higher binding to fibronectin, it's 29-kDa fragment and to collagen, than the corresponding smooth forms. However, the percentage of ¹²⁵I-protein bound was greatly influenced by the growth conditions. In these three pairs of strains, there was a direct correlation between cell-surface hydrophobicity and the binding activity, but this correlation was not observed in the remaining strains. Thus, some of the strains showed high cell-surface hydrophobicity but low binding activity under optimal growth conditions. The highest binding rates of fibronectin and of it's 29-kDA fragment were obtained with bacteria grown on colonisation factor antigen (CFA) agar at 33 °C, while the binding to collagen was slighly higher when bacteria were cultured on tryptic soy agar.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101291,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie, Mikrobiologie und Hygiene. Series A: Medical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, Virology, Parasitology","volume":"269 4","pages":"Pages 437-446"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0176-6724(88)80065-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14352513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of a Dot Blot Hybridization Assay for the Diagnosis of CMV Infection or Reactivation","authors":"Elisabeth Stöckl,&nbsp;Therese Popow,&nbsp;Franz Xaver Heinz ,&nbsp;Christian Kunz","doi":"10.1016/S0176-6724(88)80165-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0176-6724(88)80165-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Dot blot hybridization was performed for the detection of cytomegalovirus (CMV) genomes in urine samples. This assay was applied to the diagnosis of CMV infection in transplant patients, who were tested continuously after transplantation and the results were compared to the detection of early antigen (EA) in fibroblasts inoculated with urine specimens as well as to serological methods.</p><p>It turned out that discrepancies between EA-detection and dot blot hybridization are partially caused by the different appearance and disappearance of the two parameters at different time points. In most cases the dot blot hybridization assay proved to be an earlier marker than EA-detection in the course of infection.</p><p>In several patients, however, hybridization showed positive signals although there was no sign for a productive CMV infection.</p></div><div><p>Dot Blot Hybridisierung wurde zum Nachweis von Zytomegalievirus-(CMV)-Genomen in Harnproben von Transplantationspatienten angewandt. Die Patienten wurden in regelmäßigen Intervallen vom Zeitpunkt der Transplantation an getestet, und die Ergebnisse wurden mit serologischen Daten und dem CMV-Frühantigen-(FA)-Nachweis in den mit Harnproben inokulierten Fibroblasten verglichen.</p><p>Unterschiede zwischen FA-Nachweis und Dot Blot Hybridisierung waren offensichtlich größtenteils dadurch bedingt, daß beide Tests in verschiedenen Stadien des Krankheitsverlaufs positive Resultate lieferten. In den meisten Fällen gab die Dot Blot Hybridisierung früher positive Resultate als der FA-Nachweis. Allerdings wurden auch bei einigen Patienten, die sicher nicht produktiv infiziert waren, ebenfalls CMV-Genome gefunden.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101291,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie, Mikrobiologie und Hygiene. Series A: Medical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, Virology, Parasitology","volume":"270 1","pages":"Pages 288-294"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0176-6724(88)80165-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13989389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kriterien zur Festsetzung von Grenzwerten für die antibakterielle Chemotherapie","authors":"Götz Linzenmeier","doi":"10.1016/S0176-6724(88)80150-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0176-6724(88)80150-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The safety of patients asks for stringent standards when fixing limit values of the minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) in mg/1. It should be possible to recognize <em>resistant</em> bacterial strains with a low error on the basis of the recommendations of the bacteriological laboratory which are eventually important for therapy. Attention is drawn to the use of recognized methods such as DIN 58940 and 58944 and the participation in interlaboratory studies. Only such bacteria should be interpreted as „susceptible“ whose MIC's are reliably below or, which is even better, much below the generally recognized average blood and tissue levels. Thus the break-points for the rating “susceptible” must be within the range of low variation. As a resalt, a few strains more would come within the “moderately susceptible” range. This would not exclude them from being selected if chemotherapy is performed with a correspondingly higher dosage (provided it is tolerated). Information on the chances of a success of therapy is improved in this way. A generous interpretation of pharmacokinetic data will in the end be more to the patient's detriment. In addition, there are numerous factors determining success or failure of therapy which cannot be established in vitro so that it is advisable to fix laboratory parameters in a stringent manner like that applied in the annexes (evaluation steps) to parts 3 and 4 of DIN 58940.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101291,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie, Mikrobiologie und Hygiene. Series A: Medical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, Virology, Parasitology","volume":"270 1","pages":"Pages 138-144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0176-6724(88)80150-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128991919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}