Water-Energy Nexus最新文献_第8页

Optimal methodology for water recycling and reusability of multiproduct batch plant 多产品间歇装置水循环利用的优化方法

Water-Energy Nexus Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wen.2021.10.001

Jaydeep Jivani, Meka Srinivasarao, Anand P. Dhanwani

{"title":"Optimal methodology for water recycling and reusability of multiproduct batch plant","authors":"Jaydeep Jivani, Meka Srinivasarao, Anand P. Dhanwani","doi":"10.1016/j.wen.2021.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wen.2021.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Multiproduct batch plants are seriously affected by improper production schedules and inefficient wastewater handling. These batch process industries consume massive amounts of fresh water for process and multiple washings of process equipment. Primary objective of the present work is to minimize freshwater intake through proper handling and reuse of wastewater. This paper proposes an optimal methodology of wastewater recycle to address the environmental and economic issues. We explore the possibility of recycling reusable water before sending it to Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP) for treatment. We formulated a constraint, mixed integer non-linear programming (MINLP) optimization model, to simultaneously address environmental and economic issues for a multiproduct batch plant. The model applied to a process involving multiple washes and multiple storage tanks having pre-specified concentration limits. This model provides the amount of recyclable wash water, overall freshwater demand and effluent generation. The reported case study suggests that the freshwater reduction is in the range of 40–60%. We also performed dynamic simulations using the MATLAB-GAMS interface to monitor dynamic variation in the height of waste water in segregation tanks due to dynamic variation in wash water generation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101279,"journal":{"name":"Water-Energy Nexus","volume":"4 ","pages":"Pages 141-148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2588912521000138/pdfft?md5=c64b56e9cab29ad648de9c83f8f7ac42&pid=1-s2.0-S2588912521000138-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77352923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modelling the adsorption of iron and manganese by activated carbon from teak and shea charcoal for continuous low flow 模拟活性炭对柚木和乳木果木炭中铁和锰的连续低流量吸附

Water-Energy Nexus Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wen.2021.02.001

Worlanyo Kwadjo Siabi , Emmanuel Degraft-Johnson Owusu-Ansah , Helen Michelle Korkor Essandoh , Nana Yaw Asiedu

{"title":"Modelling the adsorption of iron and manganese by activated carbon from teak and shea charcoal for continuous low flow","authors":"Worlanyo Kwadjo Siabi , Emmanuel Degraft-Johnson Owusu-Ansah , Helen Michelle Korkor Essandoh , Nana Yaw Asiedu","doi":"10.1016/j.wen.2021.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wen.2021.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Nearly 6494 boreholes with iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) concentrations above permissible limits of 0.3 mg/L and 0.4 mg/L respectively in Ghana have been abandoned because of ineffective water treatment solutions. Activated carbon prepared from teak (Tectona grandis) and shea (Vitellaria paradoxa) charcoal (ACM), of effective grain sizes 0.075–0.2 mm and 0.2–2.0 mm was found to achieve 92.5–100% Fe and Mn removal in batch tests. The experiments, which were repeated for natural groundwater with a low flow similar to boreholes simulated with handpumps and limited mechanized water systems achieved similar Fe and Mn adsorption levels. Data on Fe and Mn adsorption for varying ACM mass and grain sizes, using fixed columns in continuous flow tests were fitted to Adam-Bohart, Thomas and Yoon-Nelson adsorption models to generate data for improvement in water treatment designs. The objective of this modelling process is to develop a prediction mechanism for ACM mass and grain size needed for the design of Fe and Mn removal plants for groundwater with various characteristics. Adsorption constants obtained for Yoon-Nelson; 0.3095 and Adams-Bohart; 0.07335 at R<sup>2</sup> values of 0.9728 and 0.9841 respectively are appropriate for generating ACM mass needed, when the target contaminant is Fe and Mn</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101279,"journal":{"name":"Water-Energy Nexus","volume":"4 ","pages":"Pages 88-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.wen.2021.02.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85606240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

TiO2/graphene oxide nanocomposite with enhanced photocatalytic capacity for degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid herbicide 二氧化钛/氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料光催化降解2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸除草剂

Water-Energy Nexus Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wen.2021.07.001

Thillai Sivakumar Natarajan , Praveen Kumar Gopi , Kalithasan Natarajan , Hari C. Bajaj , Rajesh J. Tayade

{"title":"TiO2/graphene oxide nanocomposite with enhanced photocatalytic capacity for degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid herbicide","authors":"Thillai Sivakumar Natarajan , Praveen Kumar Gopi , Kalithasan Natarajan , Hari C. Bajaj , Rajesh J. Tayade","doi":"10.1016/j.wen.2021.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wen.2021.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present study investigates the photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), a hazardous herbicide using TiO<sub>2</sub>/Graphene oxide nanocomposite photocatalysts. The nanocomposite photocatalysts were synthesized via solvothermal method by varying the weight percentage of graphene oxide. The nanocomposite photocatalysts were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer Emmet Teller (BET) adsorption isotherm, Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) and UV–visible-diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV–Vis-DRS) analysis. The XRD pattern of nanocomposite was found unaltered, whereas a significant change around 33–91% was observed in the surface area of nanocomposites as compared to the pristine TiO<sub>2</sub>. The UV–Vis DRS study showed a blue shift in the band edge of the composites around 21–29 nm. The complete photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-D was achieved using TiO<sub>2</sub>/GO<sub>7%</sub> catalyst within 4 h of reaction under UV-light irradiation. The photocatalytic activity of the synthesized nanocomposite photocatalysts was also compared with the standard Degussa P-25 TiO<sub>2</sub> photocatalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of the synthesized photocatalysts were TiO<sub>2</sub>/GO<sub>7%</sub> > P25-TiO<sub>2</sub> > TiO<sub>2</sub>/GO<sub>5%</sub> > TiO<sub>2</sub>/GO<sub>2%</sub> > TiO<sub>2</sub>/GO<sub>1%</sub> > TiO<sub>2</sub>/GO<sub>10%</sub> > TiO<sub>2</sub>/GO<sub>0.5%</sub> > Pristine-TiO<sub>2</sub>. This study offers a better platform for the synthesis of new composite photocatalytic materials for environment abatement by the degradation of organic pollutants.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101279,"journal":{"name":"Water-Energy Nexus","volume":"4 ","pages":"Pages 103-112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.wen.2021.07.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82700528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

Long term relationship between food, energy and water inflation in South Africa 南非食品、能源和水通胀之间的长期关系

Water-Energy Nexus Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wen.2021.07.002

Saul Ngarava

{"title":"Long term relationship between food, energy and water inflation in South Africa","authors":"Saul Ngarava","doi":"10.1016/j.wen.2021.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wen.2021.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The food-energy-water (FEW) nexus provides leeway into the lateral transmission of price volatilities within the sectors. The problem is that any inflationary price tendencies in one of the FEW sectors will have direct and indirect effect on the others. The objective of the study was to ascertain the relationship between inflation in food, energy and water, and determine whether there were spill-overs, in South Africa. Monthly consumer price indices for food, energy and water for the period spanning from January, 2002 to December, 2020, were used. Parsimonious vector autoregressive (VAR) model was used in data analysis. The study found that prior to 2013, inflation rate was higher for food relative to water and energy, respectively. After 2017, water had a higher inflation rate relative to energy and food, respectively. Furthermore, energy inflation had positive impact on both water and food inflation, whilst water inflation also had positive impact on food inflation. The study concludes that there is a nexus in the lateral inflation between food, energy and water. Recommendations include building resilience within the nexus through decoupling food and other sectors from fossil fuel-derived energy. It is needed to strike a balance in biofuel and energy production policy to foster complementarities. Operational efficiencies within the sectors also need to be fostered.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101279,"journal":{"name":"Water-Energy Nexus","volume":"4 ","pages":"Pages 123-133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.wen.2021.07.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77182819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Kinetics of competitive cometabolism under aerobic conditions 有氧条件下竞争性共代谢动力学

Water-Energy Nexus Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wen.2020.04.001

Michael H. Kim , Chihhao Fan , Shu-Yuan Pan , Ingyu Lee , YuPo Lin , Hyunook Kim

{"title":"Kinetics of competitive cometabolism under aerobic conditions","authors":"Michael H. Kim , Chihhao Fan , Shu-Yuan Pan , Ingyu Lee , YuPo Lin , Hyunook Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.wen.2020.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wen.2020.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Commonly observed competitive substrate inhibition in cometabolism of organic contaminants is used as rate- and reducing-power-determining factors to develop a kinetic model of the competitive cometabolism. Analogous to the well-known theory of Leudeking-Piret kinetics where the product formation demands reducing power, cometabolism is modeled as a reducing power demanding process that also competes with microbial growth for the available reducing power from the degradation of energy-yielding primary substrate. The model further incorporates other growth-associated phenomena such as substrate inhibition and multiple growth/nongrowth substrate interactions that may occur during cometabolic transformation processes. The kinetic model is used successfully to predict a variety of degradation patterns of growth/nongrowth substrates, displayed by microbial cultures when exposed to different concentration ratios of growth to nongrowth substrate: a complete degradation of nongrowth substrates that coincides with the simultaneous depletion of a growth substrate and, in some other cases, an incomplete degradation of a nongrowth substrate following the complete depletion of a growth substrate. These distinct patterns of substrate degradation are attributed to intrinsic specificities of enzymes for cometabolism and lack of reducing power available from the growth substrate degradation. The efficacy of cometabolic capabilities of actively growing microbial cultures and pre-cultured resting cells is discussed in terms of reducing power available in such systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101279,"journal":{"name":"Water-Energy Nexus","volume":"3 ","pages":"Pages 62-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.wen.2020.04.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72816638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

An optimization for water requirement in natural gas combined cycle power plants equipped with once-through and hybrid cooling systems and carbon capture unit 天然气联合循环电厂的水需求优化，该电厂配备了一次性和混合冷却系统和碳捕集装置

Water-Energy Nexus Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wen.2020.08.001

Saif W. Mohammed Ali , Nasser Vahedi , Carlos Romero , Alparslan Oztekin

{"title":"An optimization for water requirement in natural gas combined cycle power plants equipped with once-through and hybrid cooling systems and carbon capture unit","authors":"Saif W. Mohammed Ali , Nasser Vahedi , Carlos Romero , Alparslan Oztekin","doi":"10.1016/j.wen.2020.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wen.2020.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A water-energy nexus analysis for a Natural Gas Combined Cycle power plant equipped with Post-Combustion Carbon Capture unit was studied. Once-through and hybrid indirect dry and wet cooling systems were considered. An optimization model was developed to minimize the water requirement in each of the cooling system. The model and numerical method were validated with previously reported experimental measurements. In once-through cooling system, the optimized mass flow rates were slightly less than the original operating condition. For hybrid cooling system, the effects of air to water ratio, humidity content, air wet bulb temperature, and the number of cycles of concentration on the water requirements were studied for a wide range of cooling load split factors. The difference in water requirement becomes insignificant when the cooling load exceeds 60%. It was shown that the increase in the number of cycles of concentrations reduces water losses within 5–6 cycles. It is recommended to consider dynamic control for the cooling system using the developed optimization algorithm to maintain optimum operating conditions. For the once-through cooling system, maintaining the least water withdrawal while protecting aquatic life is suggested. For hybrid cooling systems, keeping the split factor below 0.5 and optimizing water consumption and power penalty are recommended.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101279,"journal":{"name":"Water-Energy Nexus","volume":"3 ","pages":"Pages 117-134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.wen.2020.08.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86276520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Integration of green and gray infrastructures for sponge city: Water and energy nexus 海绵城市绿色与灰色基础设施的融合:水与能源的联系

Water-Energy Nexus Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wen.2020.03.003

Yongjun Sun , Li Deng , Shu-Yuan Pan , Pen-Chi Chiang , Shailesh S. Sable , Kinjal J. Shah

引用次数: 44

Water evaporation at wet-cooled nuclear power plants on river banks: Application to the French Rhône river 河岸湿冷核电站的水蒸发:在法国Rhône河上的应用

Water-Energy Nexus Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wen.2020.07.001

Philippe Gosse, René Samie

{"title":"Water evaporation at wet-cooled nuclear power plants on river banks: Application to the French Rhône river","authors":"Philippe Gosse, René Samie","doi":"10.1016/j.wen.2020.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wen.2020.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Nuclear power plants (NPP) installed on a river bank use once-through or recirculating wet cooling systems. While the quantitative assessment of mainly local evaporation of river water by a recirculating cooling system (RC) does not involve any major difficulty, the same cannot be said for the once-through cooling system (OTC) for which evaporation (called forced evaporation) occurs in the downstream aquatic environment. Our study applies an energy-balance temperature model to the Rhône River downstream from Lake Geneva. Our results show the approximate figure of 1.5 m<sup>3</sup>/MWh of forced evaporation per electricity produced (put forward in 2002 by EPRI and widely used in the literature) is debatable for setting a freshwater balance in a watershed because it does not consider the saltiness of the river downstream. The retention time of water bodies in the downstream freshwater stretch, the cross-section shape and regional weather characteristics appear to be key factors to take into account. In particular, for the three NPP with OTC systems installed along the French Rhône, we find an average forced evaporation between 0.3 and 0.7 m<sup>3</sup>/MWh of net electricity generated in the freshwater river stretch through to Arles between 1994 and 2015. These values are between three to eight times lower than those obtained for the evaporation generated by the plants with RC system installed along the river stretch.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101279,"journal":{"name":"Water-Energy Nexus","volume":"3 ","pages":"Pages 155-169"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.wen.2020.07.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81308743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Opportunities and challenges of electrochemical water treatment integrated with renewable energy at the water-energy nexus 电化学水处理与可再生能源在水能关系中的机遇与挑战

Water-Energy Nexus Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wen.2020.03.006

Arkadeep Kumar , Shu-Yuan Pan

引用次数: 20

A simple anaerobic and filtration combined system for domestic wastewater treatment 一种简易厌氧与过滤联合系统处理生活污水

Water-Energy Nexus Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wen.2020.03.004

Sunil P. Lohani , Sanjay N. Khanal , Rune Bakke

{"title":"A simple anaerobic and filtration combined system for domestic wastewater treatment","authors":"Sunil P. Lohani , Sanjay N. Khanal , Rune Bakke","doi":"10.1016/j.wen.2020.03.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wen.2020.03.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Anaerobic treatment of domestic wastewater can only partially treat the effluent and still contains concentration of organic matter, suspended solids, nutrients and pathogens beyond the recommended safe limit. This study aims to observe the effect of sand filter as a low cost post treatment solution. A 250 L pilot scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor was fed septic tank effluent and operated at an average ambient temperature of 19 °C. The reactor was fed intermittently at 6 h hydraulic retention time and the performance was monitored. The UASB effluent was filtered in a 1 m<sup>3</sup> sand filter unit. The removal efficiencies of Total Suspended Solid, Chemical Oxygen Demand and Faecal Coliform for combined system were 93%, 87% and 93%, respectively. However, the top layer of the sand in the filter needs to be replaced in every two to three months to maintain acceptable filtration capacity performance. The tested combined anaerobic and filtration system was sufficient to treat effluents from a typical Nepalese family and the result could be useful to design and develop a suitable compact, low cost onsite sanitation system in developing countries like Nepal. The result should encourage investigating on the establishment of a safe route of sand replacement and handling as well as alternative low cost filtration media in order to avoid frequent replacement of the sand.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101279,"journal":{"name":"Water-Energy Nexus","volume":"3 ","pages":"Pages 41-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.wen.2020.03.004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85564811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 16