Water-Energy Nexus最新文献

{"title":"Development of sustainability indicators for the assessment of coal-based power generation pathways","authors":"Babkir Ali","doi":"10.1016/j.wen.2020.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wen.2020.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper is to develop measurable indicators of coal-based power generation pathways to establish a benchmark for comparative sustainability assessment and optimization. Power generation from coal subdivided to thirty-six pathways with the development of two sets of sustainability indicators. The first set includes the complete life cycle, and the second set includes only the power generation stage. The complete life cycle covers coal mining, power generation, and cooling system unit operations. Comprehensive evaluation necessitates the development of five sustainability indicators to cover water demand (consumption and withdrawals), greenhouse gas emissions (GHG), land use, and levelized cost of electricity (LCOE). Compared to the conventional coal-based power generation technologies, new coal technology pathways have the lowest GHG emissions, use less water and land, but would have a different impact on the LCOE. The cooling system type is the factor with the most impact on the water demand indicators; coal combustion unit operation has the most impact on the GHG emissions indicator; dry cooling has the most impact on the LCOE indicator. The fuel production stage has the most impact on the land use indicator. The resources and GHG emissions-effective scenario conducted to cover the demand capacity range of 250–5000 MW. This scenario shows that due to the importation of coal from a different jurisdiction and based on the average values, the savings in water demand is 87%, the savings in land area is 95%, the mitigation of GHG emissions is 6%. In contrast, the corresponding average increase in LCOE is 14%.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101279,"journal":{"name":"Water-Energy Nexus","volume":"3 ","pages":"Pages 198-208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.wen.2020.12.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90785332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the driving forces for changes in a regional energy sector's water consumption","authors":"Maihuan Zhao,&nbsp;Guiqin Jiang,&nbsp;Guanghui Ming,&nbsp;Qiong Su,&nbsp;Liming Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.wen.2020.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wen.2020.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Development within the energy sector is notably limited by scarce water resources in the energy bases of northwest China. Analyzing changes to the water consumption within the energy sector and the driving forces behind these changes offers an important way to understand the water-energy nexus and provide recommendation for the stakeholders. Taking the typical energy base of Ningxia in northwest China as an example, an empirical study is performed by analyzing changes in the direct and indirect water consumption of a regional energy sector using the input–output method. The driving forces of changes in the water consumption of the regional energy sector is identified using the LMDI (Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index) method. The results reveal the following: (1) In the period of 2011–2016, the water consumption of Ningxia's energy sector exhibited negative growth, and its direct and indirect water consumption decreased by 1.5914 million m³ and 11.664 million m³, respectively. (2) The increase in water-use efficiency in energy production was the primary driving force for the decrease in water consumption, followed by the decrease in total energy production. (3) Energy production restructuring from coal products to petroleum and electric power products resulted in an increase in water consumption. (4) The water-use stress faced by Ningxia's energy sector may be alleviated only by using alternative fuels to generate electric power whenever possible and continuously strengthening the popularization of water conservation techniques in Ningxia's energy sector. The above results provide scientific support for promoting sustainable economic and social development for typical energy bases in northwest China. Furthermore, the study proposes a method for quantitatively analyzing the contribution of multiple factors leading to changes in the water consumption within the energy sector.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101279,"journal":{"name":"Water-Energy Nexus","volume":"3 ","pages":"Pages 103-109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.wen.2020.05.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79714800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of water use in a rapid filtration system: A case study","authors":"Fernando García-Ávila ,&nbsp;César Zhindón-Arévalo ,&nbsp;Robert Álvarez- Ochoa ,&nbsp;Silvana Donoso-Moscoso ,&nbsp;María D. Tonon-Ordoñez ,&nbsp;Lisveth Flores del Pino","doi":"10.1016/j.wen.2020.03.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wen.2020.03.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The objective of this research was to reduce water use during the operation of anthracite-sand filters used for treating drinking water. The variables that affect the saturation of the filter bed were evaluated, using procedures proposed by the Pan American Center for Sanitary Engineering and Environmental Sciences (CEPIS). The following were evaluated: filtration velocity, initial filtration quality, filtration runs duration, filter bed expansion, duration of the washing process, washing velocity, granulometry, and mud balls. The results obtained were compared with the design parameters recommended by CEPIS. Maximum turbidity of 0.5 NTU was obtained. Filtration runs were in the lower limit of the range indicated by CEPIS. The filter medium expansion in five of the eight filters was lower than recommended by CEPIS. The optimal washing time was 18 min. The washing velocity was low producing little filter bed expansion. The granulometric result indicated that the effective size and the anthracite uniformity coefficient were different between filters. The results also presented significant improvements in the filtration process and the amount of water saved once the filter washing process was optimized. The results also demonstrated that measuring filters performance could improve the filtration system efficiency and ensure the drinking water quality.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101279,"journal":{"name":"Water-Energy Nexus","volume":"3 ","pages":"Pages 1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.wen.2020.03.005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78901610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CdTe in thin film photovoltaic cells: Interventions to protect drinking water in production and end-of-life","authors":"A.M. Curtin ,&nbsp;C.A. Vail ,&nbsp;H.L. Buckley","doi":"10.1016/j.wen.2020.03.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wen.2020.03.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Solar energy harvesting is a crucial technology in the transition away from fossil fuels. However, in order to make a renewable energy source truly sustainable, it is necessary to understand and mitigate broader impacts. At the Water-Energy Nexus lies the question of trade-offs between energy sources in terms of their water footprint, through water use or water contamination. The purpose of this work is to analyze CdTe thin film photovoltaic cells to evaluate interventions that can prevent contamination of drinking water. We focus on drinking water because of its relevance to the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goal 6: clean water and sanitation. Thin-film PV cells use CdTe as a semiconductor material because of its advantageous band gap and high solar absorption efficiency. However, CdTe as well as cadmium and tellurium species can be toxic to aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems and pose serious health hazards to humans when present in drinking water. We propose a multiple criteria decision analysis (MCDA) that can be used by business leaders and politicians to aid in decision-making in regards to new interventions to protect drinking water. In this article we use a case study to demonstrate the use of the MCDA framework. The interventions analyzed in this review are regulation of recycling and disposal, bioreactors, and dye-sensitized solar cells. Protecting water supplies while increasing access to reliable electricity through low-cost solar is a critical path to meeting the UN Sustainable Development Goals as this renewable energy technology evolves.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101279,"journal":{"name":"Water-Energy Nexus","volume":"3 ","pages":"Pages 15-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.wen.2020.03.007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72600378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The food-water-energy nexus governance model: A case study for Iran","authors":"Nima Norouzi ,&nbsp;Ghazal Kalantari","doi":"10.1016/j.wen.2020.05.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wen.2020.05.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As the world's population grows, food and energy supply will be one of the most important challenges. Agriculture, as the most important food producer, is not only a consumer of water and energy but also a major supplier of energy. Consequently, a balance must be struck between the harvest and utilization of production resources and the amount of agricultural production. The UN's Third Millennium Goals are on the agenda of achieving sustainable long-term development of human societies and ensuring food, water, and energy availability for future generations. To accomplish these goals, researchers have developed numerous interdisciplinary and specialized frameworks and approaches to achieve a dynamic and optimal balance of production and resource utilization, one of which being water, energy, and food. The water, energy and food Nexus approach is an overall vision of sustainability that strives to balance the various goals, interests, and needs of people and the environment by quantifying water, energy and food relationships through qualitative and quantitative modeling as well as advancing research for Integrate modeling and management to deliver important sustainable development strategies in today's dynamic and complex world. Given the environmental and water crises that threaten the Iranian nation's food and energy security, water, energy, and food, Nexus management can bring about change and balance in different sectors, depending on the needs and participation of all stakeholders. In this paper, a novel model for the Nexus approach governance model using the multi-layer visionary is being developed for the Iranian region for the water and food crisis the country is facing today.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101279,"journal":{"name":"Water-Energy Nexus","volume":"3 ","pages":"Pages 72-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.wen.2020.05.005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89104990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"WITHDRAWN: Application of surface water quality classification models using principal components analysis and cluster analysis","authors":"M. Hamed","doi":"10.1016/J.WEN.2019.06.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/J.WEN.2019.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101279,"journal":{"name":"Water-Energy Nexus","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74464264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water, energy and food nexus of Indus Water Treaty: Water governance","authors":"Ali Raza Kalair ,&nbsp;Naeem Abas ,&nbsp;Qadeer Ul Hasan ,&nbsp;Esmat Kalair ,&nbsp;Anam Kalair ,&nbsp;Nasrullah Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.wen.2019.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wen.2019.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Water, energy and food nexus of Indus Water Treaty (IWT) is presented in the light of water governance. The water governance doctrine refers to social, economic, administrative and political systems influencing the transboundary water use and management. Water governance means who gets what water, when and how much, and who has the right to water related benefits. Indus Water Treaty is cited to be one of the few successful settlements of boundary water basin conflicts that has stood the test of times since last six decades. Riparian states have opportunities of harvesting water, power and agriculture by compliance to accords in letter and spirit. IWT restrains both (India) and lower (Pakistan) riparian from pulling out of accord from fear of deadly consequences. IWT is founded on World Bank’s professionally prepared comprehensive terms and conditions keeping in mind future regional developments. This treaty has given control of three eastern rivers (Ravi, Beas and Sutlej) to India and three western rivers (Indus, Jhelum and Chenab) to Pakistan. IWT gives both countries genuine share of eastern/western waters for domestic use, agriculture and electricity generation using Run-of-River Plants, subject to observing minimum level of water flow into lower riparian at Head Marala Barrage. Water, energy and food nexus of this treaty bonds upper and lower riparian to comply with water governance principles. Upper riparian diverted 34 million acre feet (MAF) water out of eastern rivers before entering into Pakistan and launched run-of-river power plants spree on western rivers in last two decades. Restricting water flow to lower riparian in the name of pond filling needs attention. Unrestricted use of water in run-of-river power plants is pointed out to be a limiting factor in Indus Water Treaty. Continuum of cooperation has room for collaboration under Indus Water Treaty. India and Pakistan can sort out disputes by dialogue, in light of rights and needs, rather Harmon Doctrine.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101279,"journal":{"name":"Water-Energy Nexus","volume":"2 1","pages":"Pages 10-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.wen.2019.04.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87037865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation and optimization of enhanced coagulation process: Water and energy nexus","authors":"Yongjun Sun ,&nbsp;Shengbao Zhou ,&nbsp;Pen-Chi Chiang ,&nbsp;Kinjal J. Shah","doi":"10.1016/j.wen.2020.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wen.2020.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The rapid deterioration of water quality poses a serious threat and at the same time giving rise to an opportunity to the researchers for solving the problem cogently through innovative coagulation strategies. On the basis of a brief review of the application of coagulation in water treatment and wastewater treatment, the relationship between water and energy in enhanced coagulation was reviewed and investigated. Enhanced coagulation refers to the process of increasing the removal rate of organic matter by increasing the dosage of coagulant and controlling the pH value under the premise of ensuring the removal of turbidity during the conventional coagulation treatment of water treatment. The general introduction to the mechanism of enhanced coagulation and the method of enhanced coagulation are presented. The energy consumption and the evaluation of the enhanced coagulation process from the aspects of technology, economy and environment are discussed. The necessity and goal of enhanced coagulation are emphasized, and the main research progress and development direction of enhanced coagulation are further reviewed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101279,"journal":{"name":"Water-Energy Nexus","volume":"2 1","pages":"Pages 25-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.wen.2020.01.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73010795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the potential of facile biofuel production from corn stover using attrition mill treatment","authors":"Yang Mo Gu ,&nbsp;Ha Ram Byun ,&nbsp;Yang-Hoon Kim ,&nbsp;Dae-Young Park ,&nbsp;Jin Hyung Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.wen.2020.02.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wen.2020.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Lignocellulosic biomass can be used for producing biochemicals and biofuels through a sugar platform. However, the required pretreatment processes and hydrolysate conditioning typically involve high operational and installation costs. This study investigated the possibility of facile biofuel production using an attrition mill. After milling for one hour, 73.5% (w/w) of corn stover particles had diameters of less than 100 µm, with a mean diameter of 61.3 ± 3.3 µm. Attrition milling of corn stover produced only 0.39 ± 0.01 g L⁻¹ soluble phenolic compounds. The enzymatic conversion of corn stover particles less than 100 µm was 79.8% after 72 h enzymatic hydrolysis. The hydrolysate (i.e., natural sugar) was not inhibitory towards the growth of <em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em>. The attrition mill did not require high temperature or pressure conditions and did not inhibit cell growth. Therefore, when the attrition mill is used for pretreatment, a simple biofuel process that does not require washing, detoxification, and solvent recovery could be feasible.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101279,"journal":{"name":"Water-Energy Nexus","volume":"2 1","pages":"Pages 46-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.wen.2020.02.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74273844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling the impact of Bui dam operations on downstream competing water uses","authors":"Samuel A. Okyereh,&nbsp;Eric Antwi Ofosu,&nbsp;Amos T. Kabobah","doi":"10.1016/j.wen.2019.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wen.2019.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Development of dams has the potential of causing the loss of many environmental and social benefits for riparian communities. The alteration of the natural flow regime on the downstream can adversely affect the competition for water and livelihoods that depend on them. This work examined the potential impacts of the development and operation of the Bui Hydropower Dam on downstream competing water uses by using the Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) tool. The significant competing water uses in the study area include Domestic, Livestock and Industrial purposes. The above-mentioned in addition to environmental flow requirements and the contribution of the Black Volta River to the Volta Lake were estimated. A model was set up to simulate the operation of the Bui Hydropower Dam. The model was calibrated and validated to make it applicable for the intended purpose. The main finding of the research is that the current operations of the Bui hydropower dam does not adversely affect competing water uses downstream of the dam. The model indicates that the runoff from the reservoir will differ considerably from the predicted regulated flow from the Environmental and report, but not much compared to the long-term average. All demands for domestic, livestock and industry were satisfied in all monthly time steps of the model. The results indicate that unless there is a significant change in the operation of the dam, any serious impact on the competition of the water resource cannot be attributed to the dam.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101279,"journal":{"name":"Water-Energy Nexus","volume":"2 1","pages":"Pages 1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.wen.2019.03.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85594914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}