Water-Energy Nexus最新文献_第10页

Ultrasonic-assisted preparation of ZrO2/g-C3N4 nanocomposites with high visible-light photocatalytic activity for degradation of 4-chlorophenol in water 超声辅助制备具有高可见光催化活性的ZrO2/g-C3N4纳米复合材料降解水中4-氯苯酚

Water-Energy Nexus Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wen.2020.08.002

Mohammad Zarei

{"title":"Ultrasonic-assisted preparation of ZrO2/g-C3N4 nanocomposites with high visible-light photocatalytic activity for degradation of 4-chlorophenol in water","authors":"Mohammad Zarei","doi":"10.1016/j.wen.2020.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wen.2020.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Various methods including photocatalysis have been used for degradation and removal of phenolic compounds, which classified as hazardous materials in the environment. Nanomaterials exhibited significant advantages for photocatalytic degradation of phenolic compounds compared to the conventional oxidation approaches such as traditional biological and physical methods. In this study, zirconia (ZrO2)/graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) nanocomposites were successfully synthesized using ultrasonication method and used for photodegradation of 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) in water under visible light. The g-C3N4 nanosheets, ZrO2 nanoparticles (NPs), and ZrO2/g-C3N4 nanocomposite were characterized by N2 adsorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), photoelectrochemical (PEC) measurements, and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL). The incorporation of ZrO2 NPs enhanced the surface area and light absorption capacity of pristine g-C3N4. The photocatalytic activity of ZrO2/g-C3N4 nanocomposite sample was evaluated by the degradation of 4-CP in aqueous medium. Results exhibited an increase in photocatalytic activity of ZrO2/g-C3N4 nanocomposite compared to unmodified ZrO2 NPs and pristine g-C3N4. In addition, reusability experiment of ZrO2/g-C3N4 nanocomposite for photo-catalytic degradation, as well as for 4-CP adsorption showed the ZrO2/g-C3N4 nanocomposites can be effectively used for several cycles.</div>","PeriodicalId":101279,"journal":{"name":"Water-Energy Nexus","volume":"3 ","pages":"Pages 135-142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.wen.2020.08.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80988470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

The role of peer review and science for advancing public understanding 同行评议和科学对促进公众理解的作用

Water-Energy Nexus Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wen.2020.05.002

Hyunook Kim , Pen Chi Chiang , Seth W. Snyder

引用次数: 2

Degradation of 4-tert-butylphenol in contaminated soil using Penicillium sp. CHY-2 isolated from pristine Antarctica 利用从原始南极洲分离的青霉菌sp. CHY-2降解污染土壤中的4-叔丁基苯酚

Water-Energy Nexus Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wen.2020.03.002

Young-Cheol Chang , Rui Onodera , M. Venkateswar Reddy

引用次数: 1

Critical review on improving irrigation water use efficiency: Advances, challenges, and opportunities in the Ethiopia context 关于提高灌溉用水效率的重要综述:埃塞俄比亚的进展、挑战和机遇

Water-Energy Nexus Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wen.2020.09.001

Daniel G. Eshete , Berhanu G. Sinshaw , Kassaye G. Legese

{"title":"Critical review on improving irrigation water use efficiency: Advances, challenges, and opportunities in the Ethiopia context","authors":"Daniel G. Eshete , Berhanu G. Sinshaw , Kassaye G. Legese","doi":"10.1016/j.wen.2020.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wen.2020.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div>The demand for fresh water is constantly increasing among all water users. Irrigation in Ethiopia consumes a large amount of water extracted from various sources. Hence, efficient water use and management are currently the major concerns in the country. Thus this paper aims to review the advancements, challenges, and opportunities regarding improving irrigation water use efficiency in Ethiopia. Irrigation in Ethiopia started in the 1950s with traditional irrigation systems. Now modern irrigation, including sprinkler and drip irrigation, is practiced in some parts of the country. The review showed that even though the farmers have practicing irrigation for a long time, still they cannot surpass subsistence farming. Furthermore, improvements in irrigation water use efficiency through proper scheduling and on-farm management are not satisfactory. The paper revealed the challenges that hinder water use efficiency improvement includes crop diseases, socio-economic factors, institution and policy-related issues, limitation in technical and human capacity, lack of agricultural input as well as market and nature-related factors. In the future, increased use of remote sensing techniques, more versatile sensors, simulation, and quantitative models are likely to be seen to improve water use efficiency. In most cases where water is saved as a result of the efficient use of technologies, the spare water ends up being used to expand the irrigation area, which results in an increased income for the household. Hence, to achieve net water savings, water-efficient technologies and practices need to be used in combination with other measures such as incentives for conservation and proper use. Besides, appropriate regulations should be set that limit water allocation and usage. The government and partners should allocate resources for capacity building of farmers regarding irrigation, which in extension will lead to enhancement in WUE.</div>","PeriodicalId":101279,"journal":{"name":"Water-Energy Nexus","volume":"3 ","pages":"Pages 143-154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.wen.2020.09.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75401098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 26

Kinetics studies of the treatment of wastewater from brewery industry, using powdered snail shell 粉末状蜗牛壳处理啤酒工业废水的动力学研究

Water-Energy Nexus Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wen.2020.06.001

E.O. Jatto, I.O. Asia, F. Egharevba, C.J. Ewansiha

{"title":"Kinetics studies of the treatment of wastewater from brewery industry, using powdered snail shell","authors":"E.O. Jatto, I.O. Asia, F. Egharevba, C.J. Ewansiha","doi":"10.1016/j.wen.2020.06.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wen.2020.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div>The kinetic studies of the treatment of wastewater from brewery industry using powdered snail shell was carried out. Three kinetic models (Pseudo-first order, pseudo- second order and intraparticle diffusion) models were used to study the kinetics. Results shows that the treatment fit the Pseudo- second order kinetics. Since the r2 values of most of the parameters were ≥0.9. The r2 values for pH, temperature, alkalinity, turbidity, electrical conductivity were 0.999, 0.977, 0.989, 0.995, and 0.999 respectively. TS, TSS, TDS, BOD, COD and DO also have r2 values of 0.992, 0.998, 0.992, 0.995, 0.999, and 0.999 respectively. Also NO3-N, Phosphate and Sulphate have values of 0.964, 0.956 and 0.996. However the physicochemical parameters of the untreated and treated wastewater at different time intervals were also carried out and the results presented accordingly. The proximate and mineral composition of the powdered snail shell were also determined. The stability studies of the snail shell were done using different concentrations of CH3COOH and NaOH. It was observed that the powdered snail shell was insoluble in these acidic and alkaline solution.</div>","PeriodicalId":101279,"journal":{"name":"Water-Energy Nexus","volume":"3 ","pages":"Pages 95-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.wen.2020.06.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77181542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Energy, environment, water, and land-use nexus based evaluation of the global green building standards 基于能源、环境、水和土地利用关系的全球绿色建筑标准评价

Water-Energy Nexus Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wen.2020.10.001

Nima Norouzi , Mona Soori

引用次数: 9

The water-energy-food nexus: A holistic approach for resource security in Iran, Iraq, and Turkey 水-能源-粮食关系:伊朗、伊拉克和土耳其资源安全的整体方法

Water-Energy Nexus Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wen.2020.05.004

Mohanna Zarei

{"title":"The water-energy-food nexus: A holistic approach for resource security in Iran, Iraq, and Turkey","authors":"Mohanna Zarei","doi":"10.1016/j.wen.2020.05.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wen.2020.05.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Climate change, population growth, and economic development pose critical challenges in providing water, energy, and food security at the national and global scale. The Middle East is of particular interest due to the rapid industrialization, fragile environment, non-stable political relations, and transboundary water conflicts. Transboundary water plays a crucial role in sustainable development of the Middle East countries. Among them, Iran, Iraq, and Turkey shared major transboundary river basins which induced huge potential risks and benefits associated with development. The research on Water-Energy-Food (WEF) nexus has seen a significant increase to productively assess water, energy, and food dependence at a higher resolution. According to these researches, drivers impacting the WEF security in the Middle East are water scarcity, migration, extreme events, economic growth, urbanization, population growth, poverty and political stability. Therefore, it is important to investigate the dynamics behind the WEF security concerns in this region. The results show that most countries in the Middle East are facing WEF resources insecurity owing to weak planning or wrong management strategies. Based on WEF Security Index reports, WEF Index for Iran, Iraq, and Turkey is 0.68, 0.65, and 0.75, respectively. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) reports, water, energy, and food demands increased with population growth from 1997 to 2017, which could enhance potential of conflict over water especially on transboundary water resources. This review explores the WEF nexus as a holistic approach to seek regional solutions to common challenges in these countries. In this case, cooperation and collaboration between scientific communities, stakeholders, and decision-makers is vital to address the complexity of the resource management and development challenges regarding the WEF security.</div>","PeriodicalId":101279,"journal":{"name":"Water-Energy Nexus","volume":"3 ","pages":"Pages 81-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.wen.2020.05.004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90600018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 31

Development of sustainability indicators for the assessment of coal-based power generation pathways 为评价煤基发电途径制定可持续性指标

Water-Energy Nexus Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wen.2020.12.001

Babkir Ali

{"title":"Development of sustainability indicators for the assessment of coal-based power generation pathways","authors":"Babkir Ali","doi":"10.1016/j.wen.2020.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wen.2020.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div>This paper is to develop measurable indicators of coal-based power generation pathways to establish a benchmark for comparative sustainability assessment and optimization. Power generation from coal subdivided to thirty-six pathways with the development of two sets of sustainability indicators. The first set includes the complete life cycle, and the second set includes only the power generation stage. The complete life cycle covers coal mining, power generation, and cooling system unit operations. Comprehensive evaluation necessitates the development of five sustainability indicators to cover water demand (consumption and withdrawals), greenhouse gas emissions (GHG), land use, and levelized cost of electricity (LCOE). Compared to the conventional coal-based power generation technologies, new coal technology pathways have the lowest GHG emissions, use less water and land, but would have a different impact on the LCOE. The cooling system type is the factor with the most impact on the water demand indicators; coal combustion unit operation has the most impact on the GHG emissions indicator; dry cooling has the most impact on the LCOE indicator. The fuel production stage has the most impact on the land use indicator. The resources and GHG emissions-effective scenario conducted to cover the demand capacity range of 250–5000 MW. This scenario shows that due to the importation of coal from a different jurisdiction and based on the average values, the savings in water demand is 87%, the savings in land area is 95%, the mitigation of GHG emissions is 6%. In contrast, the corresponding average increase in LCOE is 14%.</div>","PeriodicalId":101279,"journal":{"name":"Water-Energy Nexus","volume":"3 ","pages":"Pages 198-208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.wen.2020.12.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90785332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Analysis of the driving forces for changes in a regional energy sector's water consumption 区域能源部门用水量变化的驱动力分析

Water-Energy Nexus Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wen.2020.05.001

Maihuan Zhao, Guiqin Jiang, Guanghui Ming, Qiong Su, Liming Ma

{"title":"Analysis of the driving forces for changes in a regional energy sector's water consumption","authors":"Maihuan Zhao, Guiqin Jiang, Guanghui Ming, Qiong Su, Liming Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.wen.2020.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wen.2020.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Development within the energy sector is notably limited by scarce water resources in the energy bases of northwest China. Analyzing changes to the water consumption within the energy sector and the driving forces behind these changes offers an important way to understand the water-energy nexus and provide recommendation for the stakeholders. Taking the typical energy base of Ningxia in northwest China as an example, an empirical study is performed by analyzing changes in the direct and indirect water consumption of a regional energy sector using the input–output method. The driving forces of changes in the water consumption of the regional energy sector is identified using the LMDI (Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index) method. The results reveal the following: (1) In the period of 2011–2016, the water consumption of Ningxia's energy sector exhibited negative growth, and its direct and indirect water consumption decreased by 1.5914 million m3 and 11.664 million m3, respectively. (2) The increase in water-use efficiency in energy production was the primary driving force for the decrease in water consumption, followed by the decrease in total energy production. (3) Energy production restructuring from coal products to petroleum and electric power products resulted in an increase in water consumption. (4) The water-use stress faced by Ningxia's energy sector may be alleviated only by using alternative fuels to generate electric power whenever possible and continuously strengthening the popularization of water conservation techniques in Ningxia's energy sector. The above results provide scientific support for promoting sustainable economic and social development for typical energy bases in northwest China. Furthermore, the study proposes a method for quantitatively analyzing the contribution of multiple factors leading to changes in the water consumption within the energy sector.</div>","PeriodicalId":101279,"journal":{"name":"Water-Energy Nexus","volume":"3 ","pages":"Pages 103-109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.wen.2020.05.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79714800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Optimization of water use in a rapid filtration system: A case study 快速过滤系统用水的优化:一个案例研究

Water-Energy Nexus Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wen.2020.03.005

Fernando García-Ávila , César Zhindón-Arévalo , Robert Álvarez- Ochoa , Silvana Donoso-Moscoso , María D. Tonon-Ordoñez , Lisveth Flores del Pino

{"title":"Optimization of water use in a rapid filtration system: A case study","authors":"Fernando García-Ávila , César Zhindón-Arévalo , Robert Álvarez- Ochoa , Silvana Donoso-Moscoso , María D. Tonon-Ordoñez , Lisveth Flores del Pino","doi":"10.1016/j.wen.2020.03.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wen.2020.03.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div>The objective of this research was to reduce water use during the operation of anthracite-sand filters used for treating drinking water. The variables that affect the saturation of the filter bed were evaluated, using procedures proposed by the Pan American Center for Sanitary Engineering and Environmental Sciences (CEPIS). The following were evaluated: filtration velocity, initial filtration quality, filtration runs duration, filter bed expansion, duration of the washing process, washing velocity, granulometry, and mud balls. The results obtained were compared with the design parameters recommended by CEPIS. Maximum turbidity of 0.5 NTU was obtained. Filtration runs were in the lower limit of the range indicated by CEPIS. The filter medium expansion in five of the eight filters was lower than recommended by CEPIS. The optimal washing time was 18 min. The washing velocity was low producing little filter bed expansion. The granulometric result indicated that the effective size and the anthracite uniformity coefficient were different between filters. The results also presented significant improvements in the filtration process and the amount of water saved once the filter washing process was optimized. The results also demonstrated that measuring filters performance could improve the filtration system efficiency and ensure the drinking water quality.</div>","PeriodicalId":101279,"journal":{"name":"Water-Energy Nexus","volume":"3 ","pages":"Pages 1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.wen.2020.03.005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78901610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12