Energy, environment, water, and land-use nexus based evaluation of the global green building standards

Abstract

Different sustainability standards were applied to implement the concept of sustainable development around the world. Since the residential and services sector is highly dependent on the buildings and as one of the main parts of energy demand, they are the most important factors of the development of life-quality and environmental issues. With the importance of the buildings being mentioned; sustainability standards are significant issues to be executed on the buildings to reach the mentioned goals in those sectors, and since there are various types of these standards, evaluation is essential to choose which is more reliable and efficient to reach the sustainability-based goals. This paper is intended to investigate different building assessment standards. The evaluating methods and scoring mechanisms are based on the Nexus category as one of the primary assessment measures. Finally, the methods of building sustainability assessment have been compared in these Criteria dimensions: ecological, social, and economical.