Water-Energy Nexus最新文献_第9页

Long term relationship between food, energy and water inflation in South Africa 南非食品、能源和水通胀之间的长期关系

Water-Energy Nexus Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wen.2021.07.002

Saul Ngarava

{"title":"Long term relationship between food, energy and water inflation in South Africa","authors":"Saul Ngarava","doi":"10.1016/j.wen.2021.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wen.2021.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The food-energy-water (FEW) nexus provides leeway into the lateral transmission of price volatilities within the sectors. The problem is that any inflationary price tendencies in one of the FEW sectors will have direct and indirect effect on the others. The objective of the study was to ascertain the relationship between inflation in food, energy and water, and determine whether there were spill-overs, in South Africa. Monthly consumer price indices for food, energy and water for the period spanning from January, 2002 to December, 2020, were used. Parsimonious vector autoregressive (VAR) model was used in data analysis. The study found that prior to 2013, inflation rate was higher for food relative to water and energy, respectively. After 2017, water had a higher inflation rate relative to energy and food, respectively. Furthermore, energy inflation had positive impact on both water and food inflation, whilst water inflation also had positive impact on food inflation. The study concludes that there is a nexus in the lateral inflation between food, energy and water. Recommendations include building resilience within the nexus through decoupling food and other sectors from fossil fuel-derived energy. It is needed to strike a balance in biofuel and energy production policy to foster complementarities. Operational efficiencies within the sectors also need to be fostered.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101279,"journal":{"name":"Water-Energy Nexus","volume":"4 ","pages":"Pages 123-133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.wen.2021.07.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77182819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Kinetics of competitive cometabolism under aerobic conditions 有氧条件下竞争性共代谢动力学

Water-Energy Nexus Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wen.2020.04.001

Michael H. Kim , Chihhao Fan , Shu-Yuan Pan , Ingyu Lee , YuPo Lin , Hyunook Kim

{"title":"Kinetics of competitive cometabolism under aerobic conditions","authors":"Michael H. Kim , Chihhao Fan , Shu-Yuan Pan , Ingyu Lee , YuPo Lin , Hyunook Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.wen.2020.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wen.2020.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Commonly observed competitive substrate inhibition in cometabolism of organic contaminants is used as rate- and reducing-power-determining factors to develop a kinetic model of the competitive cometabolism. Analogous to the well-known theory of Leudeking-Piret kinetics where the product formation demands reducing power, cometabolism is modeled as a reducing power demanding process that also competes with microbial growth for the available reducing power from the degradation of energy-yielding primary substrate. The model further incorporates other growth-associated phenomena such as substrate inhibition and multiple growth/nongrowth substrate interactions that may occur during cometabolic transformation processes. The kinetic model is used successfully to predict a variety of degradation patterns of growth/nongrowth substrates, displayed by microbial cultures when exposed to different concentration ratios of growth to nongrowth substrate: a complete degradation of nongrowth substrates that coincides with the simultaneous depletion of a growth substrate and, in some other cases, an incomplete degradation of a nongrowth substrate following the complete depletion of a growth substrate. These distinct patterns of substrate degradation are attributed to intrinsic specificities of enzymes for cometabolism and lack of reducing power available from the growth substrate degradation. The efficacy of cometabolic capabilities of actively growing microbial cultures and pre-cultured resting cells is discussed in terms of reducing power available in such systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101279,"journal":{"name":"Water-Energy Nexus","volume":"3 ","pages":"Pages 62-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.wen.2020.04.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72816638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

An optimization for water requirement in natural gas combined cycle power plants equipped with once-through and hybrid cooling systems and carbon capture unit 天然气联合循环电厂的水需求优化，该电厂配备了一次性和混合冷却系统和碳捕集装置

Water-Energy Nexus Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wen.2020.08.001

Saif W. Mohammed Ali , Nasser Vahedi , Carlos Romero , Alparslan Oztekin

{"title":"An optimization for water requirement in natural gas combined cycle power plants equipped with once-through and hybrid cooling systems and carbon capture unit","authors":"Saif W. Mohammed Ali , Nasser Vahedi , Carlos Romero , Alparslan Oztekin","doi":"10.1016/j.wen.2020.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wen.2020.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A water-energy nexus analysis for a Natural Gas Combined Cycle power plant equipped with Post-Combustion Carbon Capture unit was studied. Once-through and hybrid indirect dry and wet cooling systems were considered. An optimization model was developed to minimize the water requirement in each of the cooling system. The model and numerical method were validated with previously reported experimental measurements. In once-through cooling system, the optimized mass flow rates were slightly less than the original operating condition. For hybrid cooling system, the effects of air to water ratio, humidity content, air wet bulb temperature, and the number of cycles of concentration on the water requirements were studied for a wide range of cooling load split factors. The difference in water requirement becomes insignificant when the cooling load exceeds 60%. It was shown that the increase in the number of cycles of concentrations reduces water losses within 5–6 cycles. It is recommended to consider dynamic control for the cooling system using the developed optimization algorithm to maintain optimum operating conditions. For the once-through cooling system, maintaining the least water withdrawal while protecting aquatic life is suggested. For hybrid cooling systems, keeping the split factor below 0.5 and optimizing water consumption and power penalty are recommended.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101279,"journal":{"name":"Water-Energy Nexus","volume":"3 ","pages":"Pages 117-134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.wen.2020.08.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86276520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Integration of green and gray infrastructures for sponge city: Water and energy nexus 海绵城市绿色与灰色基础设施的融合:水与能源的联系

Water-Energy Nexus Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wen.2020.03.003

Yongjun Sun , Li Deng , Shu-Yuan Pan , Pen-Chi Chiang , Shailesh S. Sable , Kinjal J. Shah

引用次数: 44

Water evaporation at wet-cooled nuclear power plants on river banks: Application to the French Rhône river 河岸湿冷核电站的水蒸发:在法国Rhône河上的应用

Water-Energy Nexus Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wen.2020.07.001

Philippe Gosse, René Samie

{"title":"Water evaporation at wet-cooled nuclear power plants on river banks: Application to the French Rhône river","authors":"Philippe Gosse, René Samie","doi":"10.1016/j.wen.2020.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wen.2020.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Nuclear power plants (NPP) installed on a river bank use once-through or recirculating wet cooling systems. While the quantitative assessment of mainly local evaporation of river water by a recirculating cooling system (RC) does not involve any major difficulty, the same cannot be said for the once-through cooling system (OTC) for which evaporation (called forced evaporation) occurs in the downstream aquatic environment. Our study applies an energy-balance temperature model to the Rhône River downstream from Lake Geneva. Our results show the approximate figure of 1.5 m<sup>3</sup>/MWh of forced evaporation per electricity produced (put forward in 2002 by EPRI and widely used in the literature) is debatable for setting a freshwater balance in a watershed because it does not consider the saltiness of the river downstream. The retention time of water bodies in the downstream freshwater stretch, the cross-section shape and regional weather characteristics appear to be key factors to take into account. In particular, for the three NPP with OTC systems installed along the French Rhône, we find an average forced evaporation between 0.3 and 0.7 m<sup>3</sup>/MWh of net electricity generated in the freshwater river stretch through to Arles between 1994 and 2015. These values are between three to eight times lower than those obtained for the evaporation generated by the plants with RC system installed along the river stretch.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101279,"journal":{"name":"Water-Energy Nexus","volume":"3 ","pages":"Pages 155-169"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.wen.2020.07.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81308743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Opportunities and challenges of electrochemical water treatment integrated with renewable energy at the water-energy nexus 电化学水处理与可再生能源在水能关系中的机遇与挑战

Water-Energy Nexus Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wen.2020.03.006

Arkadeep Kumar , Shu-Yuan Pan

引用次数: 20

A simple anaerobic and filtration combined system for domestic wastewater treatment 一种简易厌氧与过滤联合系统处理生活污水

Water-Energy Nexus Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wen.2020.03.004

Sunil P. Lohani , Sanjay N. Khanal , Rune Bakke

{"title":"A simple anaerobic and filtration combined system for domestic wastewater treatment","authors":"Sunil P. Lohani , Sanjay N. Khanal , Rune Bakke","doi":"10.1016/j.wen.2020.03.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wen.2020.03.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Anaerobic treatment of domestic wastewater can only partially treat the effluent and still contains concentration of organic matter, suspended solids, nutrients and pathogens beyond the recommended safe limit. This study aims to observe the effect of sand filter as a low cost post treatment solution. A 250 L pilot scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor was fed septic tank effluent and operated at an average ambient temperature of 19 °C. The reactor was fed intermittently at 6 h hydraulic retention time and the performance was monitored. The UASB effluent was filtered in a 1 m<sup>3</sup> sand filter unit. The removal efficiencies of Total Suspended Solid, Chemical Oxygen Demand and Faecal Coliform for combined system were 93%, 87% and 93%, respectively. However, the top layer of the sand in the filter needs to be replaced in every two to three months to maintain acceptable filtration capacity performance. The tested combined anaerobic and filtration system was sufficient to treat effluents from a typical Nepalese family and the result could be useful to design and develop a suitable compact, low cost onsite sanitation system in developing countries like Nepal. The result should encourage investigating on the establishment of a safe route of sand replacement and handling as well as alternative low cost filtration media in order to avoid frequent replacement of the sand.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101279,"journal":{"name":"Water-Energy Nexus","volume":"3 ","pages":"Pages 41-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.wen.2020.03.004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85564811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 16

Photocatalytic degradation of pharmaceutical and pesticide compounds (PPCs) using doped TiO2 nanomaterials: A review 掺杂TiO2纳米材料光催化降解药物和农药化合物的研究进展

Water-Energy Nexus Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wen.2020.03.008

Kiran S. Varma , Rajesh J. Tayade , Kinjal J. Shah , Pradyuman A. Joshi , Atindra D. Shukla , Vimal G. Gandhi

{"title":"Photocatalytic degradation of pharmaceutical and pesticide compounds (PPCs) using doped TiO2 nanomaterials: A review","authors":"Kiran S. Varma , Rajesh J. Tayade , Kinjal J. Shah , Pradyuman A. Joshi , Atindra D. Shukla , Vimal G. Gandhi","doi":"10.1016/j.wen.2020.03.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wen.2020.03.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Alarming level water pollution is a serious concern in heavily industrialized countries. The development of advanced waste water treatment techniques and their utilization is sought for effective removal of pollutants especially pharmaceutical and pesticide compounds (PPCs). Doped TiO<sub>2</sub> nanomaterials mediated photocatalytic degradation of waste water has shown great potential in removing these complex organic pollutants. Improvement in properties of doped TiO<sub>2</sub> nanomaterials resulted in the effective utilization of visible light and solar light as light source. Doped TiO<sub>2</sub> nanomaterials show great potential to water and energy concerns by fulfilling two key features i.e., effective in removing pollutants which are persistent in nature and cost-effective energy consumption. In this context, doped TiO<sub>2</sub> nanomaterials mediated waste water treatment process and its role in water energy nexus is briefly addressed. Application of doped TiO<sub>2</sub> nanomaterials against PPCs under different light sources are also discussed in this review.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101279,"journal":{"name":"Water-Energy Nexus","volume":"3 ","pages":"Pages 46-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.wen.2020.03.008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89776097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 123

Wastewater resources management for energy recovery from circular economy perspective 循环经济视角下的能源回收废水资源管理

Water-Energy Nexus Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wen.2020.11.001

Mohanna Zarei

{"title":"Wastewater resources management for energy recovery from circular economy perspective","authors":"Mohanna Zarei","doi":"10.1016/j.wen.2020.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wen.2020.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To remediate significant risks such as increasing resources consumption, climate change, and environmental pollutions which affect resource management and security, energy recovery from wastewater could be a feasible approach towards the circular economy (CE). Wastewater management for energy recovery creates an exceptional opportunity which bringing environmental, political, economic, and social benefits. Transition to CE addresses many of the wastewater reuse obstacles and energy recovery barriers, from public acceptance to financial and policy management. This review focuses on the energy recovery from wastewater resources as a potential alternative in the CE framework and evaluates different energy recovery technologies. Since decision makers have to address challenges which are more related to the societal, regulatory, and political aspects prior to execute fundamental actions, the practical strategies on implementation of energy recovery from wastewater emphasizing the period of 2010–2020 are proposed. Furthermore, several successful case studies for energy recovery from wastewater as a systematic approach, which cover all potential scenarios are reviewed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101279,"journal":{"name":"Water-Energy Nexus","volume":"3 ","pages":"Pages 170-185"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.wen.2020.11.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83499476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 27

Establishment and implementation of green infrastructure practice for healthy watershed management: Challenges and perspectives 建立和实施健康流域管理的绿色基础设施实践:挑战和前景

Water-Energy Nexus Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wen.2020.05.003

Bo-Wei Liu , Ming-Huang Wang , Tse-Lun Chen , Po-Chih Tseng , Yongjun Sun , Andrew Chiang , Pen-Chi Chiang

{"title":"Establishment and implementation of green infrastructure practice for healthy watershed management: Challenges and perspectives","authors":"Bo-Wei Liu , Ming-Huang Wang , Tse-Lun Chen , Po-Chih Tseng , Yongjun Sun , Andrew Chiang , Pen-Chi Chiang","doi":"10.1016/j.wen.2020.05.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wen.2020.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The water management in various countries of the world provides a comprehensive understanding of the international movement on healthy watershed management. Watershed characteristics including River basin management in the UK, eco-health watershed management in Canada, sustainable water management in Korea, integrated watershed management in Japan, and healthy watershed management in the US have been examined in this review. Pioneering countries utilize green infrastructural applications to improve their resilience against climate change by adopting adaptive solutions and mitigating pollution sources. This paper includes an overview of the implementation of green infrastructure exemplified by bioretention in urban development and ecosystem maintenance. The good engineering practice for bioretention was established by applying data collected from other research. Biomantle and semi-direct injection of storm water are the two methods for sustaining bioretention functionalities for peak flow reduction and soil stability enhancement. Maximum pollutants reduction efficiencies by bioretention were reported in the past research, including 99% of phosphorus, 82% of nitrate, 92% of heavy metals, and 96% of suspended solid. Lastly, a conclusive benefit analysis of green infrastructure from environmental, economic, and social perspectives was conducted.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101279,"journal":{"name":"Water-Energy Nexus","volume":"3 ","pages":"Pages 186-197"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.wen.2020.05.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72989584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8