Water Biology and Security最新文献

{"title":"The role of plin2a in glycolysis regulation in Sertoli cells and its cascading impact on spermatogonial development in black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii)","authors":"Kai Yan,&nbsp;Chaofan Jin,&nbsp;Yu Men,&nbsp;Ying Chen,&nbsp;Zibin Li,&nbsp;Wenxiu Cai,&nbsp;Yan He,&nbsp;Jie Qi","doi":"10.1016/j.watbs.2024.100335","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watbs.2024.100335","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The black rockfish (<em>Sebastes schlegelii</em>) is a marine species that is economically important in aquaculture, and the efficiency of its spermatogenesis is vital for its success in the aquaculture industry. Spermatogonia serve as the foundation of spermatogenesis in fish, possessing the ability for continuous self-renewal and progressive differentiation into mature spermatozoa. Moreover, Sertoli cells are crucial in modulating the proliferation and differentiation of spermatogonia. This study focused on the regulation of glycolysis by PLIN2a in Sertoli cells of the black rockfish and examined how the inhibition of glycolysis in these cells impacted the proliferation and differentiation processes of spermatogonia. We found that effective regulation of glycolysis was crucial for the metabolic activity and functional maintenance of Sertoli cells in black rockfish. Overexpression of <em>plin2a</em> in vitro enhanced glycolysis in Sertoli cells, whereas inhibition of glycolysis impaired their normal metabolic activity. In vivo inhibition of glycolysis in black rockfish testes lead to apoptosis of Sertoli cells and significantly suppressed the proliferation and differentiation of spermatogonia. These results underscore the essential role of glycolysis in the development and metabolic activity of Sertoli cells and highlight the critical regulatory role of glycolysis in determining the fate of spermatogonia. This study emphasizes the importance of regulating energy metabolism pathways, particularly glycolysis, in Sertoli cells to indirectly influence the development of spermatogonia, offering significant insights into the reproductive mechanisms of black rockfish and other teleost species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101277,"journal":{"name":"Water Biology and Security","volume":"4 2","pages":"Article 100335"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143843808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A computer vision and RFID fusion-based method for measuring individual feed intake and its application for detecting individual differences in feed efficiency of large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea)","authors":"Miaosheng Feng ,&nbsp;Pengxin Jiang ,&nbsp;Qiaozhen Ke ,&nbsp;Suyao Liu ,&nbsp;Yuwei Chen ,&nbsp;Yuqing Du ,&nbsp;Wenjun Luo ,&nbsp;Yuxuan Liu ,&nbsp;Qingxiu Cai ,&nbsp;Zihang Zeng ,&nbsp;Tingkai Zhou ,&nbsp;Yu Zhang ,&nbsp;Peng Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.watbs.2024.100332","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watbs.2024.100332","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Estimating the individual feed intake (FI) for multiple consecutive meals of fish reared at commercial densities has long been a challenge and this difficulty has prevented the genetic improvement of feed efficiency (FE) in fish. We propose an automatic and real-time measurement system for individual FI of fish reared in a group based on computer vision and radio frequency identification fusion technology in large yellow croaker (<em>Larimichthys crocea</em>). To achieve this, we designed a feeding station where only one fish at a time can enter and have their passive integrated transponder (PIT) tag recorded. We then trained a feed pellet detection model based on You Only Look Once v5 using an annotated dataset, which achieved a final precision of nearly 100%. Finally, we utilized the trained feed detection model combined with PIT scanning to accurately and automatically track individual FI of fish with access to the feeding station. In 10 experiments lasting a total of 792 ​min conducted in the laboratory, the automatic real-time feed counting achieved an average accuracy of 94.5%. In addition, during a 14-day FI measurement period conducted in an indoor farm with 894 fish that received two meals per day, large yellow croaker feed efficiency ratio (FER) was 0.9 ​± ​0.4 with a coefficient of variation of 47%. FER showed a weak positive correlation with initial body weight and a weak negative correlative with FI. There was also a moderate correlation between FER and body weight gain (BWG), with subgroups that had high BWG exhibiting greater FER values. The approach described here demonstrates a method to automatically and accurately investigate FER in fish that can be used to assess the potential for their genetic improvement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101277,"journal":{"name":"Water Biology and Security","volume":"4 2","pages":"Article 100332"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143843891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From source to lake: Multi‒taxon alpha and beta diversity patterns along a river above 4500 ​m AMSL on the Qinghai‒Tibetan Plateau","authors":"Yintao Jia ,&nbsp;Huan Zhu ,&nbsp;Tingfeng Xie ,&nbsp;Xiong Xiong ,&nbsp;Zhengfei Li ,&nbsp;Yongde Cui ,&nbsp;Guoxiang Liu ,&nbsp;Mingdian Liu ,&nbsp;Yifeng Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.watbs.2024.100294","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watbs.2024.100294","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the distribution of species is highly important for optimizing future conservation priorities and strategies at the regional scale. Relatively little attention has been given to multi-taxon aquatic biota in extreme alpine environments. We examined the spatial and temporal patterns of alpha and beta diversity, site-specific contributions to beta diversity and assembly mechanisms of four taxonomic groups (fishes, macroinvertebrates, zooplankton and phytoplankton) from the source to the estuary of the Za'gya Zangbo River above 4500 ​m AMSL (above mean sea level) on the northern Qinghai-Tibetan (Q–T) Plateau. A total of 4 fish species, 45 macroinvertebrate taxa, 17 zooplankton taxa and 56 phytoplankton taxa were found in the study area. No consistent patterns in taxonomic richness were observed across taxa from upstream to estuary. The fish communities had the lowest dissimilarity between communities, the phytoplankton community had the highest dissimilarity in the dry season, and the macroinvertebrate community had the highest dissimilarity in the wet season. The relative importance of the turnover and nestedness components varied considerably across taxa and along spatial gradients. The diversity patterns of macroinvertebrate, zooplankton and phytoplankton communities were significantly correlated with several environmental factors, whereas only the beta diversity of fish was correlated with altitude. Stochastic processes dominated in shaping the macroinvertebrate communities whereas deterministic processes dominated the assembly of the phytoplankton communities. Weak congruence of diversity patterns across taxonomic groups suggested that biological groups cannot serve as reliable surrogates for one another and that multiple biological groups should be included in the biomonitoring of high-altitude rivers on the Q‒T Plateau. The relatively unique species in the upstream area and estuary of the Za'gya Zangbo River harbor should receive more attention in future conservation and management schemes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101277,"journal":{"name":"Water Biology and Security","volume":"3 4","pages":"Article 100294"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142536239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gossypol is the main limiting factor in the application of cottonseed meal in grass carp feed production: Involvement of growth, intestinal physical and immune barrier, and intestinal microbiota","authors":"Yong Shi ,&nbsp;Lei Zhong ,&nbsp;Yuanxiang Liu ,&nbsp;Shuang Zheng ,&nbsp;Shude Xu ,&nbsp;Shouqi Xie ,&nbsp;Yi Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.watbs.2024.100287","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watbs.2024.100287","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of free gossypol in cottonseed meal (CM) on the growth and intestinal health of grass carp, as well as to determine whether free gossypol is the primary factor restricting high-level inclusion of cottonseed meal. This study was designed with five groups: the control group (32% soybean concentrate protein), the CM group (44% CM), the cottonseed protein concentrate (CPC) group (33% CPC), and the CPC and control groups with 400 and 600 ​mg/kg gossypol added, designated as CON, CM, CPC, CPC ​+ ​GP, and CON ​+ ​GP, respectively. The experiment lasted eight weeks, and each group had three replicates. This experiment employed one-way ANOVA and Duncan's multiple comparisons of the means. The findings revealed that in comparison to the CON group, the growth of fish in the CM, CPC ​+ ​GP, and CON ​+ ​GP groups significantly decreased. Intestinal inflammation damage was observed. This was indicated by a significant upregulation of pro-inflammatory factors, including <em>tnf-α</em>, <em>nf-κb</em>, <em>il-6</em>, <em>il-8</em>, <em>il-12β</em>, and <em>il-1β</em>, along with significant downregulation of anti-inflammatory factors, including <em>tgf-β1</em>, <em>il-15</em>, and <em>il-10</em>. Additionally, significant downregulation of antioxidant enzyme-related genes, including <em>nrf2</em>, <em>cat</em>, <em>CuZnsod</em>, <em>gpx4</em>, and <em>gpx1</em>, was observed and the intestinal physical barrier function was compromised. In addition, the intestinal microbiota composition was affected, with a significant reduction in <em>Bacillus</em> and <em>Cetobacterium</em> abundances and a remarkable increase in the abundance of <em>Aeromonas</em>, resulting in dysregulation of the intestinal microbiota function. However, in comparison to the CM group, the growth rate of fish in the CPC group exhibited a marked increase; nonetheless, it persisted at a level lower than that observed in the CON group and the degree of intestinal damage was significantly improved. Additionally, the intestinal microbiota structure was found to be similar to that of the CON group. In conclusion, excessive CM negatively affects grass carp growth and intestinal health, whereas replacing CM with CPC mitigates these effects. Adding gossypol equivalent to CM group in CON and CPC diets reduces growth performance and impairs intestinal function, indicating gossypol as a primary limiting factor for high CM inclusion in diets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101277,"journal":{"name":"Water Biology and Security","volume":"3 4","pages":"Article 100287"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141713596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implications of digital elevation models on habitat analysis of Golden Mahseer in the Upper Ganga Basin, India","authors":"J.P. Nale,&nbsp;G.K. Pakhale","doi":"10.1016/j.watbs.2024.100278","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watbs.2024.100278","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aquatic habitat analysis is crucial in determining the relationship between river flow and habitat availability for aquatic species. This helps in identifying the environmental flow requirements of rivers. However, conducting habitat analysis in Indian rivers is challenging because of the unavailability of reliable and high-resolution terrain data. To address this challenge, a study was conducted to explore the possibilities of using Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) to extract required hydraulic data and to evaluate their accuracies. The extracted data were coupled with ecological data of a keystone fish species, namely Golden Mahseer (<em>Tor putitora</em>), to develop habitat analysis models for the Upper Ganga Basin (UGB) in India. The study adopted a hierarchical three-step approach for evaluating the accuracy and performance of DEMs as surrogate data sources. Firstly, cross sections at selected sites in the UGB were extracted from three different DEMs (SRTM, ASTER, and CARTOSAT) and evaluated against surveyed cross-section data with turning point tests and correlation coefficients. These data were then used to establish hydraulic and habitat analysis models. Four parameters (top width, flow cross-sectional area, hydraulic mean depth, and wetted perimeter) were evaluated using five error estimators to determine the accuracy and performance of hydraulic modelling. Finally, the hydraulic parameters were coupled with ecological requirements to develop a habitat model for different life stages of Golden Mahseer, namely fingerling, juvenile, and adult stages.</div><div>We found that the SRTM predictions were better than those of the other DEMs, indicating its suitability to replicate channel geometry with higher accuracy, thus better predicting hydraulic parameters at all flow ranges. In habitat area estimation for adult Golden Mahseer, all the DEMs performed reasonably well (within ±20%) within the flow range of 100 ​m³/s, which covers the low to average flow season. Beyond this flow range, ASTER and CARTOSAT resulted in considerable underestimations, averaging 22% and 54%, respectively. It is important to note that DEM-based cross sections lack high-resolution channel information, resulting in unstable habitat predictions for younger life stages like fingerling. However, overall, the study established that DEM-based data can be relied upon for habitat modelling-based assessment of environmental flows with some precautions for sensitive cases. Remote sensing presents a promising avenue for habitat analysis studies of Indian species, offering the potential to unlock significant progress in environmental flows (E-Flows) assessments and thus providing ecological benefits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101277,"journal":{"name":"Water Biology and Security","volume":"3 4","pages":"Article 100278"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142536236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationships between environmental variables and fish functional groups in impounded reaches of the Upper Mississippi and Yangtze Rivers","authors":"Kyle J. Brumm ,&nbsp;Fangyuan Xiong ,&nbsp;Yushun Chen ,&nbsp;Hao Yu ,&nbsp;Lizhu Wang ,&nbsp;Dana M. Infante","doi":"10.1016/j.watbs.2024.100291","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watbs.2024.100291","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Large rivers throughout the world have been transformed by anthropogenic stressors that are known to influence the structure and composition of fish assemblages. Management of large rivers requires balancing socio-economic and political considerations with biodiversity conservation efforts. By exchanging best management practices between rivers, management efforts can be improved. However, data limitations have largely prevented comparative analyses among fish assemblages in large rivers, potentially limiting the effectiveness of shared management strategies. To improve understanding of the similarities and differences between the Upper Mississippi and Yangtze Rivers, we (1) compared environmental variables and functional traits of fish assemblages between the two systems, (2) identified traits responsible for distinguishing functional groups from one another, and (3) investigated relationships between similar functional groups of fishes and environmental variables to establish expectations for how fish assemblages in large rivers might respond to anthropogenic stressors. Regional species pools in the Upper Mississippi and Upper Yangtze Rivers were characterized by a similar composition of functional traits; the majority of species were omnivorous, had affinities for gravel or sand substrates, and produced sinking eggs. Few species were pelagic, planktivorous, or herbivorous. Functional groups in both rivers were primarily distinguished according to species' trophic habits and substrate preferences, with secondary contributions from species’ water column positions and life history characteristics. Pelagic planktivores and small-bodied guarders with an affinity for structural habitat complexity tended to increase downriver in both systems, in direct association with total phosphorus concentrations, agricultural land use, and temperature. In contrast, proportions of lithophilic species with affinities for gravel or cobble substrates were highest in segments located furthest upriver. By highlighting the sensitivity of different groups of fishes to anthropogenic stressors, we provide insights into the functional ecology of fishes inhabiting the Mississippi and Yangtze Rivers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101277,"journal":{"name":"Water Biology and Security","volume":"3 4","pages":"Article 100291"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142536237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphology and molecular phylogeny of four epibiotic ciliates (Ciliophora, Peritrichia) from farmed red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii Girard, 1852, with notes on the geographic distributions of related taxa","authors":"Tong Wu ,&nbsp;Yuan Li ,&nbsp;Borong Lu ,&nbsp;Danxu Tang ,&nbsp;Shijing Zhang ,&nbsp;Yan Liu ,&nbsp;Ya Wang ,&nbsp;Xiao Cao ,&nbsp;Saleh A. Al-Farraj ,&nbsp;Alan Warren ,&nbsp;Weibo Song ,&nbsp;Zhe Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.watbs.2024.100292","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watbs.2024.100292","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aquaculture of red swamp crayfish <em>Procambarus clarkii</em> is an emerging farming industry in China. As shown recently, one of the most significant diseases affecting the red swamp crayfish is caused by overabundance of epibiotic peritrichs, a group of ciliated protists that are commonly found living as epibionts on aquatic animals. Nevertheless, few studies focusing on this issue have been performed. As part of a faunal study carried out in the Lake Weishan Wetland, China, four colonial sessilid peritrichs, namely <em>Epicarchesium granulatum</em>, <em>Epistylis bimarginata</em>, <em>Epistylis semiciculus</em>, and <em>Zoothamnium procerius</em>, attached to <em>P. clarkii</em> are documented. For each species, redescriptions and improved diagnoses are supplied. As a further aid to identification, 14 new rDNA sequences of these four and a closely related species were obtained. In addition, as an aid for future studies on epibiotic ciliates, we supply a list and information about recent integrative studies that document the geographic distributions of related taxa.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101277,"journal":{"name":"Water Biology and Security","volume":"3 4","pages":"Article 100292"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142536238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Similarities and differences in gastrointestinal microbiomes between wild and human-cared spotted dolphins (Stenella attenuata) in natural waters","authors":"Shijie Bai ,&nbsp;Peijun Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaoxue Qi ,&nbsp;Jun Liu ,&nbsp;Dongjiao Liu ,&nbsp;Guangmou Wang ,&nbsp;Lei Pang ,&nbsp;Songhai Li","doi":"10.1016/j.watbs.2024.100288","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watbs.2024.100288","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite the growing awareness on the importance of gut microbiomes, understanding marine mammal gut microbiomes remains limited due to difficulties in sampling. Spotted dolphins (<em>Stenella attenuata</em>) are widely spread oceanic cetaceans, and there is a gap in knowledge regarding their gut microbiology. In this study, we opportunistically collected samples from both wild and human-cared spotted dolphins in the southern waters of Hainan Island, China. This provided the opportunity to examine the composition and diversity of the gut microbial communities of this cetacean species. Since these dolphins inhabit a similar water environment, different food sources might be the primary factor distinguishing the gut microbiomes of wild and human-cared populations, offering valuable experimental material to investigate potential differences in gut microbial community structure among marine mammals in similar environments but with varying food sources. We found that the gastrointestinal microbial community structure of wild and human-cared dolphins demonstrated significant differences, both overall and at specific locations. However, no significant difference was observed in the microbial diversity of their gastrointestinal tracts, indicating that the disparities primarily lie in microbiota composition. Additionally, we detected numerous potentially pathogenic bacteria, suggesting a comprehensive future study of marine mammal gut microbiology. Such a study might involve determining health indicator factors associated with these microbiomes. Our study not only supplements information on the gut microbiology of spotted dolphins but also delves into the similarities and differences in gastrointestinal microbial communities within the same marine mammal species when food source variations play a significant role in their lives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101277,"journal":{"name":"Water Biology and Security","volume":"3 4","pages":"Article 100288"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141691120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A method for custom measurement of fish dimensions using the improved YOLOv5-keypoint framework with multi-attention mechanisms","authors":"Danying Cao ,&nbsp;Cheng Guo ,&nbsp;Mijuan Shi ,&nbsp;Yuhang Liu ,&nbsp;Yutong Fang ,&nbsp;Hong Yang ,&nbsp;Yingyin Cheng ,&nbsp;Wanting Zhang ,&nbsp;Yaping Wang ,&nbsp;Yongming Li ,&nbsp;Xiao-Qin Xia","doi":"10.1016/j.watbs.2024.100293","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watbs.2024.100293","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dimensional data directly reflects the growth rate of individual fish, an important economic trait of interest to fish researchers. Efficiently obtaining large-scale fish dimension data would be valuable for both selective breeding and production. To address this, our study proposes a custom dimension measurement method for fish using the YOLOv5-keypoint framework with multi-attention mechanisms. We optimized the YOLOv5 framework, incorporated the SimAM attention mechanism to achieve more accurate and faster fish detection, and added customizable landmarks to the network structure, enabling flexible configuration of the number and location of feature points in the training dataset. This method is applicable to various aquacultural species and other objects. We tested the effectiveness of the method using the economically important grass carp (<em>Ctenopharyngodon idella</em>). The proposed method outperforms pure YOLOv5, Faster R-CNN, and SSD in terms of precision and recall rates, achieving an impressive average precision of 0.9781. Notably, field trials confirmed the method's exceptional measurement accuracy, exceeding 97% compatibility with manual measurements, while demonstrating a real-time speed of 38 frames per second on the NVIDIA RTX A4000. This enables efficient and accurate large-scale surface dimension measurements of economic fish. To facilitate massive measurements in agricultural research, we have implemented this method as an online platform, called Mode-recognition Ruler (MrRuler, <span><span>http://bioinfo.ihb.ac.cn/mrruler</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>). The platform identifies objects in a single image at an average speed of 0.486 ​± ​0.005 ​s, based on a dataset of 10,000 images. MrRuler includes two preset carp models and allows users to upload training datasets for custom models of their targets of interest.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101277,"journal":{"name":"Water Biology and Security","volume":"3 4","pages":"Article 100293"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diversity of carbon cycle-linked phyllosphere microorganisms: A key driver of CO2 flux in macrophyte-dominated aquatic systems","authors":"Shangsheng Sun ,&nbsp;Zengliang Jian ,&nbsp;Qingyang Rao ,&nbsp;Jianfeng Chen ,&nbsp;Misha Zhong ,&nbsp;Yihan Wang ,&nbsp;Yuwei Wang ,&nbsp;Jun Chen ,&nbsp;Ping Xie ,&nbsp;Haojie Su","doi":"10.1016/j.watbs.2024.100289","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watbs.2024.100289","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Planktonic microorganisms have been recognized as important components in biogeochemical cycling in lakes. However, research into the impact of phyllosphere microorganisms, particularly those involved in carbon cycling, on CO₂ fluxes in macrophyte-dominated lakes within the context of global environmental changes remains scarce. Here, by employing high-throughput sequencing techniques, we experimentally tested how nutrient enrichment, top-down effects of fish and increases in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) affect CO₂ exchange flux at the water-air interface by altering the community structure and functioning of phyllosphere bacteria on macrophytes. We found that our mesocosm ecosystems exhibited a net absorption of CO₂, but nutrient enrichment significantly decreased the absorption ability. Mantel tests and multiple regression modeling also showed that eutrophication-associated parameters (total nitrogen, total phosphorus and ammonium nitrogen), pH, and extinction coefficient were the key drivers influencing abundance of phyllosphere functional microorganisms. In addition, these experimental treatments significantly altered the composition, diversity and co-occurrence networks of carbon cycling-associated phyllosphere microorganisms, which impacted the CO₂ flux. Structural equation models and linear regression further showed that the Shannon Index of phyllosphere functional microorganisms related to carbon cycling (rather than plant volume inhabited - PVI) had a significant positive impact on CO₂ fixation. This means that environmental changes—especially eutrophication—may hinder carbon sequestration by decreasing the diversity of phyllosphere microorganisms rather than reducing the abundance of submerged macrophytes. This study increases our understanding of carbon cycling processes in aquatic environments from a management perspective by emphasizing the importance of protecting the diversity of phyllosphere microorganisms in macrophyte-dominated lakes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101277,"journal":{"name":"Water Biology and Security","volume":"3 4","pages":"Article 100289"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141847974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}