Water Biology and Security最新文献

{"title":"Organelle and transcriptomic genomes of a freshwater brown alga and further insights on the phylogenetic relationship of red secondary plastid-derived lineages","authors":"Fangru Nan,&nbsp;Tao Zhang,&nbsp;Huiying Zhao,&nbsp;Jia Feng,&nbsp;Junping Lv,&nbsp;Qi Liu,&nbsp;Xudong Liu,&nbsp;Yang Liu,&nbsp;Shulian Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.watbs.2024.100328","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watbs.2024.100328","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Freshwater brown algae have been acknowledged as the least diverse of all groups of freshwater algae. Morphological and molecular investigation were conducted on a freshwater brown alga collected in this study. Morphological characterization and phylogenetic tree based on the <em>rbc</em>L gene confirmed its attribution to <em>Heribaudiella fluviatilis.</em> The complete organelle genomes of <em>H. fluviatilis</em> were determined and assembled from high-throughput sequencing. A circular tetrad structure of 128,880 bp was identified for the chloroplast, and the mitochondrial genome was assembled as a circle with 43,657 bp in length. This study provides the first and only record of organelle genomic information of the freshwater Phaeophyceae, which are important for understanding the endosymbiosis theories. Concatenated (Bayesian inference, maximum likelihood under MFP and GHOST models) and coalescent methods were used to construct the phylogenetic relationship among secondary plastid-bearing lineages based on organelle genomes. Obvious conflicts were observed in grouping relationships of chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes, even among different evolutionary models and tree-constructing methods. The transcriptome of <em>H. fluviatilis</em> was sequenced and used to construct the phylogenetic relationship among secondary plastid-bearing lineages. The phylogenetic relationships in nuclear and mitochondrial genomes were consistent in grouping CHSR taxa (cryptophytes, haptophytes, stramenopiles and rhizarians) in an independent branch. The phylogenetic relationship constructed from nuclear transcriptomes was highly reliable by owning robust supporting values on each node and was consistent with the serial endosymbiosis theory on evolution of red secondary plastid-derived lineages.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101277,"journal":{"name":"Water Biology and Security","volume":"4 2","pages":"Article 100328"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143843806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and functional characterization of IGFBP genes in Leopard Coral Grouper (Plectropomus leopardus): Insights into growth regulation and stress response","authors":"Yiwen Sun ,&nbsp;Chaofan Jin ,&nbsp;Shaoxuan Wu ,&nbsp;Chenlin Yin ,&nbsp;Jianmei Chen ,&nbsp;Zhenmin Bao ,&nbsp;Bo Wang ,&nbsp;Jingjie Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.watbs.2024.100338","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watbs.2024.100338","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein (IGFBP) family genes, which function as carrier proteins in the circulation, are integral to various physiological processes such as growth, metabolism, reproduction, and stress responses. However, the systematic identification, characterization, and functional analysis of <em>igfbp</em> family genes in teleosts remain to be explored. In this study, we identified and characterized a total of 11 IGFBP family members in the Leopard Coral Grouper (<em>Plectropomus leopardus</em>). Expression analysis revealed that <em>igfbp</em> genes exhibit tissue-specific expression patterns in adult <em>P. leopardus</em>. Notably, certain <em>igfbp</em> genes were differentially expressed in growth-related tissues in fast-growing versus slow-growing individuals, suggesting their potential role in growth regulation. Specifically, the expression of <em>igfbp2a</em> and <em>igfbp2b</em> in the liver was further validated using FISH. Furthermore, knockdown of <em>igfbp2b</em> expressed specifically in the liver resulted in the promotion of muscle development and increased expressions related to muscle cell development. Additionally, several <em>igfbp</em> genes were dynamically involved in the response to acute hypothermia in the brain, gills, kidneys, and liver. These findings offer a comprehensive understanding of the characteristics and functions of <em>igfbp</em> family genes in <em>P. leopardus</em>, providing a solid foundation for further investigation into the functional mechanisms of <em>igfbp</em> genes in teleosts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101277,"journal":{"name":"Water Biology and Security","volume":"4 2","pages":"Article 100338"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143843809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MicroRNA profiling yields immune response and metabolic changes in juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) infected with LMBV","authors":"Xiaodan Liu ,&nbsp;Liwen Zhang ,&nbsp;Xu Tan ,&nbsp;Mengya Guo ,&nbsp;Weiguang Kong ,&nbsp;Zhenhua An","doi":"10.1016/j.watbs.2024.100327","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watbs.2024.100327","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The largemouth bass virus (LMBV) exhibits high pathogenicity in both adult and juvenile largemouth bass, causing substantial economic losses within the aquaculture industry. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial in controlling viral infections and the host's immune responses, making them significantly valuable in the treatment and diagnosis of diseases. Nevertheless, research on miRNA expression profiles associated with LMBV infection in largemouth bass is currently insufficient. This research attempts to investigate the roles and molecular mechanisms of miRNAs in the potential immune response and metabolic alterations triggered by LMBV infection in largemouth bass using miRNA sequencing. Following quality screening, the infection group and control group yielded a combined total of 142.73 million clean reads, with lengths predominantly at 22 ​nt. 1718 known miRNAs were identified, including 238 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs). In addition, 400 novel miRNAs were predicted, 36 of which were DEMs. To gain further insight into the immune and metabolic related biological functions of DEMs, target gene prediction was conducted. KEGG pathway analysis revealed that LMBV impacted pathways such as Endocytosis, Purine metabolism, Phosphatidylinositol, Fatty acid Biosynthesis, and Phagosome signaling systems, highlighting the vital role of miRNAs in immune responses and metabolic alterations. Furthermore, the miRNA-mRNA interaction network revealed crucial miRNAs and their corresponding target genes involved in conferring resistance against viral infections by utilizing metabolic and immune related pathways as the foundation. Ten DEMs were selected at random for real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR), and results exhibited expression patterns that were consistent with sequencing data. These findings validate the immune and metabolic regulatory function of miRNAs against LMBV in largemouth bass, offering valuable perspectives for the prevention and management of illnesses linked to iridoviruses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101277,"journal":{"name":"Water Biology and Security","volume":"4 2","pages":"Article 100327"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143843805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Condition index for Cerrado springs: A simplified and efficient tool for conservation planning","authors":"Rafaella Oliveira Martins ,&nbsp;Cristhiane Vasconcelos ,&nbsp;Kaiqui da Silva Rodrigues ,&nbsp;Ully Mattilde Pozzobom ,&nbsp;Leandro Schlemmer Brasil","doi":"10.1016/j.watbs.2024.100336","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watbs.2024.100336","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Springs are essential for water security in the Cerrado (Neotropical Savanna Biome), especially considering its prolonged dry periods. However, the protection of these environments is often compromised by various human activities, necessitating the creation of plans for protecting and rehabilitating already degraded springs. Thus, assessing the environmental condition of springs is essential for adopting effective protection or rehabilitation measures. Therefore, the aim of this study is to apply protocols for assessing spring environmental conditions in the Cerrado. To achieve this, we conducted a literature review of existing environmental protocol models, adapted them after considering Cerrado environmental conditions, and field-tested a protocol termed the Spring Condition Index (SCI). We used linear models to measure the relationship between SCI scores and physical-chemical variables of water and local vegetation. We assessed a total of 41 springs, and SCI values ranged from 0.61 to 0.94, where values closer to 1 indicated a more preserved spring. SCI showed a positive linear relationship with dissolved oxygen and landscape vegetation cover, and a negative linear relationship with water temperature, pH, and electrical conductivity. Despite a macroscopic analysis, these results indicate that SCI is effective and robust for measuring spring environmental condition, with the advantage of being conducted in just a few minutes. Thus, we suggest its application throughout the biome so that springs with lower SCI values can be quickly identified and prioritized for rehabilitation in the Cerrado Biome.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101277,"journal":{"name":"Water Biology and Security","volume":"4 2","pages":"Article 100336"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143843801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Licochalcone A alleviates the pathogenicity of Aeromonas hydrophila by affecting the function of aerolysin","authors":"Jing Dong ,&nbsp;Shengping Li ,&nbsp;Shun Zhou ,&nbsp;Yongtao Liu ,&nbsp;Qiuhong Yang ,&nbsp;Yibin Yang ,&nbsp;Ning Xu ,&nbsp;Xiaohui Ai ,&nbsp;Bo Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.watbs.2024.100326","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watbs.2024.100326","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Proteins in aquatic products satisfy the increasing demand of high-quality proteins of humans, resulting in a rapid development of freshwater aquaculture. However, bacterial diseases in aquatic animals often cause economic losses worldwide. Antibiotics are frequently used in aquaculture to deal with bacterial infections, but antibiotic resistance has restricted its application. Therefore, it is necessary to develop drugs on account of novel strategies. Here, aerolysin, the main virulence factor of <em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em> (<em>A. hydrophila</em>), was defined as a target to develop anti-virulence drugs. The results showed that Licochalcone A (LCA) with little bacteriostatic activity could decrease the hemolytic activity of aerolysin without affecting its production. The binding mode and potential binding sites were determined following molecular docking and dynamic simulation. Ser33 and Pro365 were confirmed to be the main binding sites according to the results of fluorescence quenching assay with mutated aerolysin. The mechanism by which LCA inhibited aerolysin was hindering its pore-forming activity. Moreover, cell viability assays and animal studies demonstrated that LCA could provide a significant protection to human alveolar epithelial cells from aerolysin-mediated cell damage and decrease the pathogenicity of <em>A. hydrophila</em> to channel catfish. These findings suggested that LCA might be a novel candidate for treating <em>A. hydrophila</em> infections and partly determined the mechanism of herbal medicine in dealing with bacterial infections.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101277,"journal":{"name":"Water Biology and Security","volume":"4 2","pages":"Article 100326"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143843803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of microplastics on larval ingestion, survival, and development of sea cucumber Holothuria leucospilota","authors":"Hong Wu ,&nbsp;Mohamed Mohsen ,&nbsp;Yikun Cen ,&nbsp;Yukai Yang ,&nbsp;Zonghe Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.watbs.2024.100329","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watbs.2024.100329","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The presence of microplastics in the marine environment poses a potential threat to juvenile and adult sea cucumbers; however, the effects of microplastics on the early developmental stages of sea cucumbers are poorly understood. In this study, the larvae of <em>Holothuria leucospilota</em> were exposed to polystyrene (PS) particles of varying sizes (1–60 ​μm) to investigate the influences of microplastics on food ingestion, digestion, and performance of larval <em>H. leucospilota</em> at different developmental stages. The fluorescence tracing experiment revealed that the early- and mid-auricularia were capable of ingesting particles up to 20 ​μm in size, whereas late-auricularia larvae could ingest particles up to 40 ​μm in size. It was observed that microplastic particles accumulated in the stomach of larvae over a certain period, making it difficult for them to eliminate. Microplastic particles of 10 ​μm could be observed aggregating in the stomach of larvae at all developmental stages. The 20 ​μm and 40 ​μm particles had limited effects on larval survival but caused developmental retardation. Larvae that were exposed to 10 ​μm and 60 ​μm particles had significantly lower survival rates compared to the control group. Moreover, microplastics had a negative effect on the growth of larvae, and larger particles (20 ​μm, 40 ​μm and 60 ​μm) had greater effects than smaller ones (1 ​μm, 5 ​μm and 10 ​μm). The presence of microplastics hindered the development and metamorphosis of larvae, in particular by inhibiting the maturation of their ciliary band and esophagus. In conclusion, microplastics have negative impacts on larval <em>H. leucospilota</em>, and therefore, effective measures should be taken to prevent the introduction of microplastics into hatcheries artificially breeding sea cucumbers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101277,"journal":{"name":"Water Biology and Security","volume":"4 2","pages":"Article 100329"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143843807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atg9a is a critical factor in the immune response of grouper (Epinephelus coioides) to viral infection","authors":"Hong Chen ,&nbsp;Zhouling Zhan ,&nbsp;Siting Wu ,&nbsp;Qiongyue Xu ,&nbsp;Helong Cao ,&nbsp;Qiwei Qin ,&nbsp;Jingguang Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.watbs.2025.100385","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watbs.2025.100385","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Autophagosome generation, development and maturation are largely dependent on Atg9a, an important member of the autophagy-related protein family. However, the potential role of fish Atg9a in viral infections is poorly understood. This research involved cloning and characterizing an Atg9a homologue from the orange-spotted grouper (<em>Epinephelus coioides</em>), known as <em>EcAtg9a</em>. The ORF (open reading frame) of <em>EcAtg9a</em> is composed of 2583 nucleotides and encodes 860 amino acids. <em>EcAtg9a</em> was detected in every tissue that was analyzed, and was particularly abundant in liver, kidney, head and blood. <em>EcAtg9a</em> expression levels in grouper spleen (GS) cells increased following infection with SGIV and RGNNV. <em>EcAtg9a</em> was uniformly present in the cytoplasm, while found to co-exist with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi apparatus, mitochondria and lysosomes. <em>EcAtg9a</em> suppressed the expression of interferon-related genes and factors linked to inflammation while promoting the replication of SGIV as well as RGNNV in GS cells. In addition, <em>EcAtg9a</em> could interact with the key molecules of the cGAS-STING pathway including EccGAS, EcTBK1, EcSTING, and even EcIRF3. <em>EcAtg9a</em> facilitated the upregulation of Beclin1 and LC3-II synthesis within cells, resulting in an augmented formation of LC3 fluorescent aggregates. The level of eIF2α phosphorylation (S51) was increased in EcAtg9a-overexpressing cells, and the p53 protein moved from the cytoplasm into the nucleus. Findings may offer insight into how grouper's innate immunity works against viral infections.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101277,"journal":{"name":"Water Biology and Security","volume":"4 4","pages":"Article 100385"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145050321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new predictive model (MINASPACS) for spatially extensive biological assessments of southeastern Brazilian streams","authors":"Pedro Fialho Cordeiro ,&nbsp;Maria João Feio ,&nbsp;Marcos Callisto ,&nbsp;Robert M. Hughes ,&nbsp;Diego Rodrigues Macedo","doi":"10.1016/j.watbs.2025.100386","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watbs.2025.100386","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Freshwater ecosystems are threatened by flow regulation, sedimentation, habitat degradation, non-native species, and water pollution. These disturbances have led to global losses of biodiversity and habitats. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate the ecological condition of freshwater ecosystems to promote effective management practices. Quantitative predictive models based on multivariate analyses of taxa richness are recognized ecological tools that can facilitate the monitoring and managing of freshwater ecosystems worldwide. However, few studies have used this approach to assess tropical rivers and streams. By evaluating predictive models, we can assess their usefulness for determining water-body taxonomic richness. We built a RIVPACS-type model based on macroinvertebrate assemblages (MINASPACS), for spatially extensive taxa richness assessments of Minas Gerais state streams, southeast Brazil. As a second objective, we assessed the sensitivity of the MINASPACS to human-induced disturbances affecting Minas Gerais streams through the relative risk (RR) approach. The MINASPACS model was trained with biological and environmental data from 78 reference sites and showed good accuracy (<em>R</em>² ​&gt; ​0.6, SD O/E ​= ​0.16). We found that percent of urban infrastructure, percent of catchment anthropogenic land use, Turbidity, Total Nitrogen, and Total Phosphorus represented significant risks to the taxa richness of Minas Gerais streams. Because of its accuracy, sensitivity, and use of map-level predictor variables, our model provides a clear, simple, and defensible measure of stream macroinvertebrate taxa richness across diverse biomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101277,"journal":{"name":"Water Biology and Security","volume":"4 4","pages":"Article 100386"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145050748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantification and characterization of microplastics in an intertidal gastropod the common periwinkle Littorina littorea","authors":"Mahfuzur Rahman ,&nbsp;Md Enamul Hoque ,&nbsp;Zahid Hasan ,&nbsp;Mir Md Tasnim Alam ,&nbsp;Md Jakaria ,&nbsp;Koushik Das ,&nbsp;Rangel-Buitrago Nelson ,&nbsp;Mohammad Abdul Momin Siddique","doi":"10.1016/j.watbs.2025.100401","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watbs.2025.100401","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Marine microplastics (MPs) are an increasingly important concern worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence and characteristics of microplastics in an intertidal sea snail, the common periwinkle (<em>Littorina littorea</em>) sampled from Saint Martin's Island, Bay of Bengal. The results revealed that 100% of the common periwinkle snails ingested microplastics (MPs), with a mean abundance ranging from 2.63 ​± ​1.07 to 23.89 ​± ​3.53 ​MP/g (average: 7.76 ​± ​5.77 ​MP/g). Microplastic particles in the 100–1500 ​μm size class were the most abundant (63%), whereas black and red fibers were the most abundant colors and shapes. Polypropylene (PP, 34%) and polyethylene (PE, 38%) were the major polymer types, followed by polystyrene (PS, 15%) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET, 13%). Although the polymer hazard index (PHI) showed risk categories III to IV due to highly hazardous polymers such as PS and PE in the soft tissue of the common periwinkle snails, the pollution load index (PLI &lt;10) revealed minor contamination across the sampling site of Saint Martin's Island. Gastropod feeding patterns and food items impacted MP abundance in the studied area.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101277,"journal":{"name":"Water Biology and Security","volume":"4 4","pages":"Article 100401"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145050749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A high-throughput phenome-based analysis of morphological variation and environmental adaptation in extremely high-altitude schizothoracine fishes","authors":"He Gao ,&nbsp;Suxing Fu ,&nbsp;Meng Xing ,&nbsp;Yinhua Zhou ,&nbsp;Tonghan Wu ,&nbsp;Xiao Chen ,&nbsp;Chengjiang He ,&nbsp;Qiaokun Liu ,&nbsp;Haixu Liu ,&nbsp;Luo Lei ,&nbsp;Shijun Xiao ,&nbsp;Fei Liu ,&nbsp;Yan Zhou ,&nbsp;Jian Su ,&nbsp;Chaowei Zhou ,&nbsp;Bingyao Huang ,&nbsp;Haiping Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.watbs.2025.100381","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watbs.2025.100381","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Schizothoracine fishes are distributed in the Nagqu region, which is the hinterland of the Tibetan Plateau. They have adapted to the cold and strongly ultraviolet environment of the plateau and show diverse morphologies, which makes them ideal for studying the relationship between phenotype and environment. However, traditional morphological measurements are time consuming and labor costly. In this study, we propose a deep-learning-based method for acquiring high-throughput phenotypic data of fishes, including image dataset construction of schizothoracine fishes (including front, side, and top views), fish keypoint detection based on the You Only Look Once (YOLO) model, and reconstruction of 2D and 3D keypoint coordinates based on multiple views. A total of 7050 phenotypic data points consisting of keypoint distances and angles were constructed for each fish and were highly correlated (&gt;0.98) with the corresponding data measured manually. We obtained phenotypic data for a total of 525 fishes from three schizothoracine fish groups inhabiting riverine, lacustrine, and river–lake transitional environments using the proposed phenotypic data acquisition method. We employed a random forest algorithm to classify the groups, achieving a classification accuracy of 96%, and identified 15 morphometric indices that exhibited statistically significant differences., of which 6 were related to head morphology, 6 related to body shape, and 3 related to tail morphology, based on the random forest algorithm. Specifically, river-living schizothoracine fishes showed a blunt head, robust body, and elongated caudal peduncle which may reflect adaptations to the turbulence of the river, while the lake-living schizothoracine fishes have the opposite effect. Schizothoracine fishes at the river–lake transitional zones were phenotypically characterized as being in the middle of the two phenotypes, and these presumably reflect adaptations to their lake habitat. This study provides a methodological reference for obtaining high-throughput phenotypic data on fish and a theoretical basis for understanding the adaptation of very high-altitude schizothoracine fishes to their environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101277,"journal":{"name":"Water Biology and Security","volume":"4 4","pages":"Article 100381"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145050319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}