Water Biology and Security最新文献

{"title":"Seasonal variation and driving factors of beta diversity of macroinvertebrate assemblages in subtropical Chinese high-mountain streams","authors":"Chenghui Wei ,&nbsp;Hongtao Li ,&nbsp;Jani Heino ,&nbsp;Xiaoming Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.watbs.2025.100379","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watbs.2025.100379","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-mountain stream ecosystems are recognized as ideal arenas for natural experiments and for ecological monitoring and assessment research, owing to their sensitivity to climate gradients and human-mediated disturbances. In this study, we chose a subtropical mountainous stream system in southwestern China, to explore the spatiotemporal patterns and driving factors of taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional beta diversity of macroinvertebrate assemblages. We found that taxonomic beta diversity was highest (on average, 0.577 in spring and 0.645 in autumn) across seasons, followed by phylogenetic (0.491 and 0.545) and functional (0.350 and 0.383) beta diversity, with the replacement component predominantly (57%–73%) contributing to all three facets of diversity. The taxonomic local contributions to beta diversity (LCBD) values were roughly equivalent among different sites in both spring and autumn, whereas phylogenetic LCBD (PLCBD) and functional LCBD (XLCBD) indices varied from site to site. Therefore, we recommend prioritizing site conservation based on LCBD, PLCBD, and XLCBD values to optimize biodiversity conservation strategies. The three-facets of dissimilarities were all somewhat higher in autumn than spring, possibly due to recolonization events in the metacommunity after the summer flood. Variation partitioning analysis indicated that environmental factors were more important than spatial factors in structuring all three facets of beta diversity and their components, although different sets of variables were identified as important for different diversity facets and between seasons. In summary, our study offers valuable insights into the patterns and drivers of macroinvertebrate beta diversity in high mountain streams and lays a baseline for targeted conservation strategies in these ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101277,"journal":{"name":"Water Biology and Security","volume":"4 4","pages":"Article 100379"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145050746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glacial microbial-environmental interactions on the Tibetan Plateau: A review","authors":"Jiajie Xu ,&nbsp;Jing Zhu ,&nbsp;Yonghong Zhou ,&nbsp;Yixuan Liu ,&nbsp;Sang Ba","doi":"10.1016/j.watbs.2025.100366","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watbs.2025.100366","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The glaciers on the Tibetan Plateau are important climate regulators and recharge sources for many rivers and lakes, which are of great ecological value. However, actions to protect glacier-associated habitats are urgent, as human activities have led to increased glacier retreat and may have an impact on climate and downstream environmental balance. Glaciers contain a variety of habitats (ice, snow, cryoconite, deglaciated soil, etc.) that harbor rich microbial communities (the main bearers of glacial life activities). To provide scientific support for the development of glacier protection strategies on the Tibetan Plateau from a microbial perspective, this review reveals the interactions between glacial microorganisms and glacial ecosystems on the Tibetan Plateau. In addition to describing the origin, diversity, adaptability and biogeochemical cycles of microorganisms, we emphasized the roles of environmental pollutants and climate change. It has been shown that exogenous microorganisms can be deposited on the glacier by atmospheric circulation. The special geo-climatic characteristics of glaciers may have prompted these microorganisms to adapt to this extreme environment through evolution and cooperation. These microorganisms are involved in the cycling of biogenic elements in glaciers, providing feedback to the Earth's ecosystem. However, increased environmental pollution may affect the glacier microorganisms. Some pollutants synergize with climate warming to accelerate glacial melting, with meltwater carrying microorganisms, nutrients, and pollutants into downstream ecosystems, which may have far-reaching impacts on downstream ecosystems and the global climate. Reducing source pollution, strengthening international cooperation, implementing long-term monitoring, developing predictive models, and tapping into special microorganisms are the way forward in guarding the clean land of the Tibetan Plateau glaciers in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101277,"journal":{"name":"Water Biology and Security","volume":"4 4","pages":"Article 100366"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145050741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanism of low temperature-induced intestinal damage in Danio rerio and the mitigating effect of alanylglutamine","authors":"Peng Chu ,&nbsp;Yanfang Li ,&nbsp;Xiaomen Han ,&nbsp;Xiaojun Li ,&nbsp;Yuxi Liu ,&nbsp;Zhongxing Tang ,&nbsp;Shaowu Yin ,&nbsp;Tao Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.watbs.2025.100377","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watbs.2025.100377","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent cold waves and abrupt seasonal temperature drops have significantly impacted aquaculture, slowing fish growth and causing mass mortality. The intestine plays a crucial role in digestion, nutrient absorption, metabolism, and physiological regulation. However, studies on the molecular mechanisms of fish intestinal response to low-temperature stress and methods to mitigate damage are limited. This study investigated the intestinal response of <em>Danio rerio</em> to low temperatures with three groups: a control group at 28 ​°C (CT28), a cryogenic group at 18 ​°C (ST18), and an extreme cryogenic group at 10 ​°C (LT10), with time points of 0, 12, 24, and 48 ​h. Results showed significant structural changes in the 18 ​°C group, with inflammatory infiltration starting at 24 ​h. Damage worsened in the 10 ​°C group, showing severe inflammation. Tunel staining revealed increased cell apoptosis with lower temperatures and longer exposure, peaking at 10 ​°C and 48 ​h following exposure (<em>p</em> ​&lt; ​0.05). Alcian blue periodic acid-schiff stain revealed that lower temperatures promote an increase in the number of goblet cells. Metabolomics analysis compared intestinal metabolites between CT28 vs. ST18 and CT28 vs. LT10. Fifty-three metabolites were shared between the CT28_ST18 and CT28_LT10 groups in positive ion mode, and 16 in negative mode, with 22 and 9 metabolites showing linear changes. These 31 metabolites could serve as potential indicators for low-temperature stress in <em>D. rerio</em>. Specifically, eight metabolites from the lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) group increased significantly, while antioxidant alanylglutamine (AGD) decreased. Supplementing the diet with 0.5% AGD reduced intestinal damage, and 1.0% AGD improved low-temperature tolerance. This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of fish response to cold stress and lays the foundation for future research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101277,"journal":{"name":"Water Biology and Security","volume":"4 4","pages":"Article 100377"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145050318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis and properties of pentabutyryl glucose ester and its effects on the growth, liver and intestinal health, and gut microbiota of zebrafish (Danio rerio)","authors":"Yanqing Li ,&nbsp;Yulian Zeng ,&nbsp;Daojun Li ,&nbsp;Lijuan Yu ,&nbsp;Qianwen Ding ,&nbsp;Yalin Yang ,&nbsp;Chao Ran ,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Yao ,&nbsp;Rolf Erik Olsen ,&nbsp;Einar Ringø ,&nbsp;Jihong Liu Clarke ,&nbsp;Zhen Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhigang Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.watbs.2025.100387","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watbs.2025.100387","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Butyric acid and its derivatives are widely applied in aquaculture as an alternative to antibiotics, which are beneficial for the growth and health of aquatic animals. However, these products have some disadvantages including poor stability, a bitter taste, and low bioavailability. In this study, a novel butyric acid, namely pentabutyryl glucose ester (PGE), was synthesized, and the effects of PGE on the growth, liver and intestinal health, and gut microbiota of zebrafish were evaluated. We found that the supplementation of PGE at a level of 0.05% promoted the growth performance of zebrafish, decreased the level of serum LPS, ALT, and AST, and improved liver health. The expression levels of pro-inflammatory factors (<em>NF-κB</em> <span><math><mrow><mi>p</mi><mn>65</mn></mrow></math></span> and <em>IL-6</em>) were notably downregulated, while those of anti-inflammatory factors (<em>TGF-β</em> and <em>IL-10</em>) were upregulated, in the intestines of zebrafish fed 0.05% PGE compared with the control group. Additionally, inclusion of PGE in the diet of zebrafish increased the relative abundance of probiotic bacteria such as <em>Bacillus</em> and <em>Lentilactobacillus</em>. Overall, this study demonstrated that PGE is beneficial for the growth, liver and intestinal health, and the gut microbiota of zebrafish, providing a novel pathway to improve the application of butyric acid as a feed additive in aquaculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101277,"journal":{"name":"Water Biology and Security","volume":"4 4","pages":"Article 100387"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145050322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overlooked eDNA contamination in human-influenced ecosystems: a call to manage large-scale false positives in biodiversity assessments","authors":"Aibin Zhan","doi":"10.1016/j.watbs.2025.100374","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watbs.2025.100374","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The use of environmental DNA (eDNA) has significantly revolutionized studies in biodiversity science. A crucial innovation of eDNA-based biodiversity assessment is the ability to detect species through genetic materials released by organisms into their environments, without the need for direct observation or capture (i.e., organisms remain “unseen”). The fact that organisms remain “unseen” has many pros and cons, many of which have been largely recognized and technically addressed or managed. However, two recent studies have both highlighted another critical issue regarding eDNA-based biodiversity assessments: the prevalence of overlooked eDNA contamination originating from human activities, such as the release of treated wastewater into aquatic ecosystems. Such eDNA contamination derived from human activities can lead to significant false positive errors in eDNA-based biodiversity assessments, particularly in human-disturbed ecosystems such as urban and coastal environments. Here I discuss the causes and consequences of eDNA contamination, stressing that this widespread but often neglected issue can substantially affect both eDNA-based theoretical studies and applied biodiversity management. Additionally, I propose several potential technical solutions to minimize its negative impacts, including well-designed sampling strategies, a deeper understanding of eDNA persistence and its spread in local waterbodies, and the use of environmental RNA (eRNA). Given that eDNA contamination can significantly impact ecosystems such as urban and coastal environments where biodiversity provides essential ecosystem services, I call for precautionary approaches and technical efforts to mitigate false positives derived from eDNA contamination in biodiversity assessments in these ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101277,"journal":{"name":"Water Biology and Security","volume":"4 4","pages":"Article 100374"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145050324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution and abundance of large pelagic predatory bony fishes in the northwestern Pacific over a half-century","authors":"Alexei M. Orlov ,&nbsp;Igor V. Volvenko","doi":"10.1016/j.watbs.2025.100373","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watbs.2025.100373","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Large pelagic predatory fishes play an important role in marine ecosystems, occupying the highest position in food webs and accumulating energy and organic matter produced by aquatic organisms of lower trophic levels. Among pelagic predatory fishes, more attention has been given to the sharks, tunas and billfishes inhabiting equatorial and tropical waters, whereas pelagic predatory fishes inhabiting subarctic and temperate waters have been much less studied. We analyzed long-term midwater trawl survey data to investigate changes in the spatial distribution, ranges, and catch rates of the three most abundant large predatory teleosts in the Russian and adjacent waters of the northwestern Pacific, namely, the North Pacific daggertooth <em>Anotopterus nikparini</em>, the longnose lancetfish <em>Alepisaurus ferox</em>, and the Pacific pomfret <em>Brama japonica</em>. The northernmost distributions of daggertooth, lancetfish, and pomfret were observed in summer, spring, and autumn, respectively. All three species were characterized by the greatest northwards occurrence in the 2000s. In the study area, their maximum frequency of occurrence was recorded during the summer, and they were most frequently caught in the 1980s (lancetfish and pomfret) and 1990s (daggertooth). The average catch rates of daggertooth and pomfret were highest in summer, whereas those of lancetfish were highest in winter. The highest average catch rates of daggertooth, lancetfish, and pomfret were recorded in the 2000s, 1990s, and 1980s, respectively. The maximum absolute catch rates of lancetfish were recorded in winter, whereas those of daggertooth and pomfret were recorded in spring and summer, respectively. The maximum absolute catch rates of daggertooth and pomfret were observed in the 1980s, whereas those of lancetfish were observed in the 1990s.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101277,"journal":{"name":"Water Biology and Security","volume":"4 4","pages":"Article 100373"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145050743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long distance dispersal with kinship in the Yangtze River during early life stage of a freshwater fish","authors":"Ping Yang ,&nbsp;Cheng Chen ,&nbsp;Dan Yu ,&nbsp;Mingzheng Li ,&nbsp;Huanzhang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.watbs.2025.100367","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watbs.2025.100367","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aggregation is suggested beneficial with foraging, defense, and other fitness for the group members. While long distance dispersal with kinship has been found in several marine fishes, similar cases have not been reported in inland waters. We utilized microsatellite genotype data of 397 eggs or juvenile silver carp (<em>Hypophthalmichthys molitrix</em>) born in 2017 from the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China to analyze their relatedness and infer the dispersal patterns during their early life stages and whether they dispersed with their kinship. There were 11–58 pairs of full siblings or half siblings between samples from the spawning ground (Yichang section) and other sites (34.1–1047.2 ​km) which showed the dispersal path. Particularly, the proportion of maternal siblings (mean: 47.9%) was higher than random, indicating kinship aggregation, or that the fish traveled with their kinship during their early life stages. Such kin aggregation has profound implications for our understanding of early life stage dispersal in inland water fish populations. Our findings suggest that the preservation of habitats along the middle Yangtze River should be increased. In particular, the channelized river bank should be rebuilt with more heterogeneous habitat, and the lake-river connections should be restored to expand the amount of appropriate habitat.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101277,"journal":{"name":"Water Biology and Security","volume":"4 4","pages":"Article 100367"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145050740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-native aquatic species in the Dongting Lake basin, China","authors":"Wen Xiong ,&nbsp;Wei Zhang ,&nbsp;Lu Cai ,&nbsp;Peter A. Bowler ,&nbsp;Chuanxin Chao ,&nbsp;Baoqiang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.watbs.2025.100378","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watbs.2025.100378","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dongting Lake is the second largest freshwater lake in China, supports high biodiversity and many endemic or endangered species, such as finless porpoise (<em>Neophocaena phocaenoides</em>), Baer's pochard (<em>Aythya baeri</em>), and east Asian minnow (<em>Ochetobius elongatus</em>), and is thus a global biodiversity hotspot. It is located within an important aquaculture and agricultural region, and many non-native species were introduced into the lake for aquaculture and the ornamental trade. However, information about these non-native species is scarce. We sampled the lake and updated a list of the lake's non-native species, reviewed their status, and threat to biodiversity, as well as their contribution to aquaculture and fisheries. A total of 157 non-native species, including 14 fishes, 136 vascular plants, 1 amphibian, 2 crustacea, 2 mollusca, and 2 reptile species have been imported into Dongting Lake. The main pathways of introduction are through the ornamental trade (97 species, 62%), followed by unintentional introductions (23 species, 15%), aquaculture (13 species, 8%), herbal medicine uses (8 species, 5%), forage grasses (7 species, 4%), food (5 species, 3%), timber (2 species, 1%) and biocontrol and oil (1 species each, 1% respectively). The non-native species origins are North America (43 species, 27%), South America (42 species, 27%), Asia (29 species, 18%), Europe (28 species, 18%), Africa (13 species, 8%), and Oceania (2 species, 1%). Some non-native species, such as red swamp crayfish (<em>Procambarus clarkii</em>), channel catfish (<em>Ictalurus punctatus</em>), and parrot's feather (<em>Myriophyllum aquaticum</em>), are valuable for aquaculture and horticulture. However, other non-native species, such as <em>Alternanthera philoxeroides</em>, <em>Pomacea canaliculate</em>, and <em>Trachemys scripta elegans,</em> pose a potential threat to local biodiversity, human health, and sustainable development. Better management and control of non-native species in Dongting Lake are needed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101277,"journal":{"name":"Water Biology and Security","volume":"4 4","pages":"Article 100378"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145050745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Land use extent and intensity affect the trophic structure of apex fish in neotropical lagoons","authors":"Vinícius Andrade Urbano ,&nbsp;Gustavo Henrique Zaia Alves ,&nbsp;Evanilde Benedito","doi":"10.1016/j.watbs.2025.100415","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watbs.2025.100415","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The conversion of natural ecosystems to human land use is a primary cause of worldwide biodiversity loss and trophic structure changes in ecosystems. We investigated the effect of human land use at different spatial extents and aquatic trophic state on basal energy sources, food chain length (FCL), and the isotopic niche of apex fish in four large neotropical wetlands. We had two hypotheses. (i) Increased regional human land is negatively associated with the contributions of allochthonous energy sources, FCL, and isotopic niche. (ii) Trophic state is directly associated with FCL, autochthonous energy source, and niche area. We found that C₃ riparian vegetation was the primary energy source for apex consumers. Human land uses in a 5000 ​m buffer were directly associated with allochthonous basal-energy source assimilation and niche area and indirectly with FCL. FCL was shorter in environments with more human land use and allochthonous energy source assimilation had an important role on FCL. Therefore, conserving riparian vegetation surrounding water bodies is a crucial protective factor for waters, as it serves as a primary energy source for food webs. Decreased FCL with increased human activity demonstrated the sensitivity of these environments to trophic-link losses from human invasion. Conversely, increased isotopic niche areas in environments with high human activities may be attributed to the introduction of new energy sources from those activities. Hence, the loss of natural cover resulting from human activities is an important factor in aquatic trophic structure changes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101277,"journal":{"name":"Water Biology and Security","volume":"4 4","pages":"Article 100415"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145050750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exposure to chemical and commercial forms of NSAIDs at environmentally relevant concentrations exert transgenerational metabolic responses in daphnids","authors":"Anna Michalaki ,&nbsp;Xiaofei Yin ,&nbsp;Lorraine Brennan ,&nbsp;Konstantinos Grintzalis","doi":"10.1016/j.watbs.2025.100404","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watbs.2025.100404","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pharmaceuticals, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as indomethacin and ibuprofen, are prevalent pollutants in freshwater ecosystems, raising concerns about their ecological impact. While there is literature about pharmaceuticals in aquatic environments, the effects of both chemical and commercial forms of NSAIDs on aquatic organisms, particularly across generations, remain insufficiently explored. This study aims to bridge this gap by assessing the impact of pure and commercial forms of indomethacin, ibuprofen, and their mixture on <em>Daphnia magna,</em> a key freshwater species. Toxicity curves, enzyme activities, and metabolomics were used as endpoints to assess physiological responses to chronic and transgenerational exposures at an environmentally relevant concentration of 5 ​μg/L. Results showed changes in the activities of β-galactosidase and lipase, while a targeted LC-MS/MS approach revealed distinct metabolic fingerprints as a result of exposure for four generations to the chemical and commercial indomethacin and ibuprofen. Notably, exposure to chemical mixture of the two NSAIDs increased amino acids and biogenic amines, a trend also observed with commercial NSAIDs and their mixture, while the chemical NSAIDs did not have the same impact. This work emphasizes the necessity of ecotoxicological studies with transgenerational exposures as an approach to comprehend the effect of pharmaceutical stressors at low exposure concentrations, using molecular responses in physiology. This approach contributes to the broader mechanistic understanding of the ecological implications of these pharmaceuticals in freshwater ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101277,"journal":{"name":"Water Biology and Security","volume":"4 4","pages":"Article 100404"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145050317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}