Water Biology and Security最新文献

{"title":"Multiple facets of phytoplankton assemblages show seasonally divergent patterns between lentic and lotic waterbodies at high altitudes","authors":"Bingru Zhou ,&nbsp;Xiaoming Jiang ,&nbsp;Xing Sun ,&nbsp;Duo Peng ,&nbsp;Alejandro Nistal-García ,&nbsp;Jorge García-Girón ,&nbsp;Wei Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.watbs.2025.100417","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watbs.2025.100417","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Environmental and spatial factors play important roles in generating and maintaining biodiversity. However, little is known about the main environmental and spatial correlates of multiple facets (taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic) of freshwater communities at high altitudes, particularly in phytoplankton assemblages. We assessed the diversity patterns and structure of phytoplankton assemblages across the Qinghai Lake basin, a typical high-altitude region in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau that encompasses Qinghai Lake (QL) and its inflowing tributaries (IT). We found that assemblage structure and diversity differed between the QL and IT in summer and autumn. QL sites supported higher algal density (dominated by cyanobacteria) than IT sites, which were dominated by diatoms. This contrasts with the historical dominance of diatoms in this lake and serves as an early warning of potential future algal blooms in this high-altitude biodiversity hotspot. Most taxonomic metrics were significantly higher in IT than in QL both seasons, whereas functional evenness, functional dispersion, taxonomic diversity and average taxonomic distinctness were higher in QL. This contrasting pattern likely results from lower competition pressures and more efficient resource use in lentic than in lotic waters. Environmental and spatial variables influencing phytoplankton assemblages varied among different diversity metrics, although environmental factors generally prevailed. However, the significant effect of spatial eigenvectors may also highlight the importance of mass effect on phytoplankton assemblages. This study clarifies our understanding of the patterns and main correlates of phytoplankton assemblages in a high-altitude lake, and has implications for future management programs aimed at monitoring phytoplankton dynamics and assemblage trajectories in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and other extreme environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101277,"journal":{"name":"Water Biology and Security","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100417"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145712462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The future of Water Biology and Security","authors":"Jian-Fang Gui ,&nbsp;Julian D. Olden ,&nbsp;Wei Miao ,&nbsp;Yushun Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.watbs.2025.100508","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watbs.2025.100508","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101277,"journal":{"name":"Water Biology and Security","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100508"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145712517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inside Front cover - Contents","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2772-7351(25)00161-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2772-7351(25)00161-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101277,"journal":{"name":"Water Biology and Security","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100518"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145712516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polymorphic endogenous releases and the responses of aquatic organisms in a rapidly deteriorating shallow lake","authors":"Xi Liu ,&nbsp;Qi Lei ,&nbsp;Yuanzheng Liu ,&nbsp;Liang Cao ,&nbsp;Tingting Xie ,&nbsp;Jingjing Lin ,&nbsp;Lu Zhang ,&nbsp;Jie Xu ,&nbsp;Yingcai Wang ,&nbsp;Zhi Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaolong Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.watbs.2025.100418","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watbs.2025.100418","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Globally, lakes are currently under considerable stress, with endogenous nutrients a critical driver of eutrophication. This study focused on the release of endogenous nutrients and the ecological response mechanisms in degraded shallow lakes, using Honghu Lake as a case study. Ecological surveys and simulation experiments revealed that the average concentrations of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and organic matter (OM) in the surface sediments of Honghu Lake are 5148.20 ​mg/kg, 688.10 ​mg/kg, and 13.82%, respectively, but varied spatially. The potential diffusion fluxes of NH₄⁺-N and PO₄^3--P at the sediment-water interface ranged from 0.4471 to 2.1938 mg/(m²·day) (average 1.3130 mg/(m²·day)) and 0.0041–0.0482 mg/(m²·day) (average 0.0237 mg/(m²·day)), respectively. The comprehensive release model indicated that elevated temperature enhanced the release of endogenous nutrients from sediments. At 30 ​°C, the release potentials of total nitrogen and total phosphorus were 3.19 ​± ​0.97 ​g/m² and 0.17 ​± ​0.07 ​g/m², respectively. Annually, the lake sediments released approximately 192.4 tons of NH₄⁺-N and 3.37 tons of PO₄^3--P, contributing to 79.52% and 5.66% of the needed nitrogen and phosphorus control requirements, respectively. The release of endogenous sediment nutrients played a vital role in influencing the distribution of various aquatic organisms. Notably, the release of endogenous phosphorus significantly affected the distribution of macrobenthos, whereas zooplankton exhibited greater sensitivity to the release of endogenous nitrogen.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101277,"journal":{"name":"Water Biology and Security","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100418"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145712111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SOCS8 deficiency models MAFLD-like progression in the zebrafish gut‒liver axis","authors":"Qingsong Zhu ,&nbsp;Hong Yang ,&nbsp;Fatima Altaf ,&nbsp;Nan Wu ,&nbsp;Yuhang Hu ,&nbsp;Lian Su ,&nbsp;Jialin Li ,&nbsp;Junheng Liu ,&nbsp;Guangxin Wang ,&nbsp;Deinyefa Godfree Igbiriki ,&nbsp;Zhixian Qiao ,&nbsp;Yingyin Cheng ,&nbsp;Wanting Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiao-Qin Xia","doi":"10.1016/j.watbs.2025.100414","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watbs.2025.100414","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;To understand the progression of metaflammation, elucidating the age-dependent role of SOCS8 deficiency in &lt;em&gt;socs8&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;−/−&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; zebrafish is crucial, as this may serve as a disease model for metabolic disorders because of the gradual dysregulation of immunity, metabolism, and the gut microbiota observed in this species. Thus, both juvenile (1-month-old) and adult (3-month-old) mutant &lt;em&gt;socs8&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;−/−&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; as well as wild-type zebrafish were tested for changes in growth, histopathology, transcriptomes, and microbiota composition. Histological analysis revealed a marked increase in oil droplets and a reduction in hepatocyte nuclear density for the comparison between &lt;em&gt;socs8&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;−/−&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; and wild type fish, indicative of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). The liver in 1-month-old (1 ​mo) &lt;em&gt;socs8&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;−/−&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; zebrafish had changes in “arginine and proline metabolism”, alongside an increased percentage of M0 and M2 macrophages. This suggests a protective response from macrophages, which is consistent with the GO term of “negative regulation of leukocyte differentiation”. The enhanced fatty acid metabolism in 1 ​mo may serve as an indicator of free fatty acid-induced hepatotoxicity associated with simple steatosis but not with liver dysfunction. These findings aligned with the higher growth of 1 ​mo &lt;em&gt;socs8&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;−/−&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; fish. In 3-month-old (3 ​mo) &lt;em&gt;socs8&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;−/−&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; fish, the GO terms “steroid hormone biosynthesis” and “steroid metabolic process” indicated the presence of endoplasmic reticulum stress, which contributes to the development of steatohepatitis. DNA repair pathways and associated terms indicated hepatocyte death. The presence of increased dendritic cells, along with expanded activated dendritic cells in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), indicated that the 3 ​mo &lt;em&gt;socs8&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;−/−&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; model may represent the late stage of MAFLD. In the gut, imaging results from larvae and single-cell sequencing of intestinal mucosa cells from 3 ​mo &lt;em&gt;socs8&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;−/−&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; fish revealed a consistent accumulation of lymphocytes, with the number of innate immune cells higher in larvae but lower in adult fish, compared to wide type fish. In the 1 ​mo &lt;em&gt;socs8&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;−/−&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; fish, enhanced mucin secretion, suggested by a greater number of goblet cells and upregulated “SNARE interactions in vesicular transport”, was in line with “mannose type O-glycan biosynthesis”. The same group had upregulated IL-13 and its receptors, aligning with the GO term “wound healing” and the idea that innate lymphocytes producing IL-13 may function as regulators of immunity and tissue remodeling. The enriched pathways “arachidonic acid metabolism” and “intestinal immune network for IgA production” at 1 month, indicating enhanced proliferation of intestinal epithelial cells and improved host‒microbe int","PeriodicalId":101277,"journal":{"name":"Water Biology and Security","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100414"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145712538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing fish taxonomic and functional β diversity to inform effective conservation strategies in a large reservoir of the Yangtze River Basin","authors":"Zihao Meng ,&nbsp;Sébastien Brosse ,&nbsp;Miao Xiang ,&nbsp;Feifei Hu ,&nbsp;Xinye Wang ,&nbsp;Xuejun Fu ,&nbsp;Deguo Yang ,&nbsp;Xuemei Li","doi":"10.1016/j.watbs.2025.100407","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watbs.2025.100407","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The determinants of local differences in species and functions matter for reservoir management but have seldom been investigated. To this aim, we explored fish taxonomic, and functional beta diversity between local assemblages in a large Chinese reservoir. Taxonomic β diversity was primarily driven by species richness differences (54%–72%), while functional β diversity was almost equally driven by turnover and nestedness components. Environmental characteristics of the sites were significant predictors of all facets of fish β diversity. Additionally, site contributions to taxonomic (LCBD) and functional (XLCBD) β diversity were significantly associated with human activity variables, suggesting that there is a pressing need to mitigate human-induced disturbances for the conservation of biodiversity. Species contributions to taxonomic (SCBD) and functional (XSCBD) β diversity exhibited positive correlations primarily with species occupancy and abundance, suggesting the potential uniqueness of certain common species. Priority conservation areas in the upstream area and rare but key species such as <em>Tachysurus</em> and <em>Siniperca</em> were identified based on site and species contributions. We thus propose to focus on habitat restoration actions to upstream areas by restricting sand mining, as the current mining activities in the river channel can directly alter riverbed morphology and damage the spawning grounds of fish. We also emphasize the necessity for increased conservation efforts through the development of sustainable recreational fishing policies and stock recovery programs for sensitive species such as <em>Pelteobagrus vachelli</em> and <em>Acheilognathus macropterus</em>. These species have lower SCBD or XLCBD values than others and possess unique feeding habits or high economic value, making them primary targets for recreational fishing. This research highlights the importance of integrating taxonomic and functional β diversity to effectively evaluate biodiversity changes and develop more comprehensive and sustainable conservation strategies for fish diversity conservation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101277,"journal":{"name":"Water Biology and Security","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100407"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145712459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of summer intermittency on stream physicochemistry, macroinvertebrate abundance, and redband trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss gairdneri, condition in an Idaho stream","authors":"Christoph A. Walser ,&nbsp;Andrew M. Wymore ,&nbsp;Travis K. Landon ,&nbsp;Lydia L. Brown","doi":"10.1016/j.watbs.2025.100419","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watbs.2025.100419","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Regional climate change models for the Pacific Northwest, USA, predict increased summer streamflow intermittency. During low summer flows, fishes experience abiotic (e.g., low dissolved oxygen, high temperature) and biotic (e.g., competition, predation) stressors that can alter individual fish health, population persistence, and fish assemblage structure. In this observational study, we evaluated the impact of decreasing summer streamflow on water physicochemistry, macroinvertebrate abundance, and condition of resident (stream-dwelling) Columbia River redband trout (<em>Oncorhynchus mykiss gairdneri</em>) in Dry Creek, an intermittent stream in southwestern Idaho, USA. During the summer (June to September) of 2019, we used Onset®, HOBO® loggers to monitor stream temperature and dissolved oxygen at 30-min intervals in 10 study reaches within a 3.5 ​km stream section. Current velocity and habitat volume were measured weekly and drifting macroinvertebrates were sampled biweekly in each study reach. Redband trout were collected monthly and we used Fulton’s condition factor (<em>K</em>) as a surrogate for trout health. During the study period, current velocity and habitat volume decreased. Mean daily water temperatures (6.4–22.3 ​°C) were within the reported range for redband trout. However, in late summer, dissolved oxygen fell below the critical limit (5–6 ​mg/L) for salmonids. Macroinvertebrate drift density (number of macroinvertebrates/L) and macroinvertebrate drift biomass (mg/L) did not differ across summer months. However, macroinvertebrate drift rate (number of macroinvertebrates/15 ​min) was significantly lower in August than June or July (<em>p</em> ​&lt; ​0.05). Median <em>K</em> for trout was lower in August (1.01) and September (0.91) than in July (1.25) (<em>p</em> ​&lt; ​0.05). We propose that the decline in redband trout condition was because of intermittency-associated stressors (hypoxic conditions and decreased macroinvertebrate prey).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101277,"journal":{"name":"Water Biology and Security","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100419"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145712112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The longitudinal gradient prevails over local characteristics in shaping fish species distributions in a large neotropical reservoir","authors":"Rosalva Sulzbacher ,&nbsp;Gilberto N. Salvador ,&nbsp;Carlos B.M. Alves ,&nbsp;Paulo S. Formagio ,&nbsp;Robert M. Hughes ,&nbsp;Paulo S. Pompeu","doi":"10.1016/j.watbs.2025.100425","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watbs.2025.100425","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In large reservoirs, spatial gradients are the primary drivers of fish species distributions. However, local characteristics can also influence fish distributions and assemblage structure. We assessed the roles of distance from the dam, water quality characteristics, and physical habitat complexity in determining the richness and abundance of native and non-native fish species in Furnas Reservoir, Brazil. Sampling in April 2023, we collected 22 native and 11 non-native species, increasing the reservoir's richness to 65 species, comprising 51 native and 14 non-native species. Both the richness and abundance of native species were higher in the upper reservoir. These species predominated throughout the entire longitudinal gradient except in the most lacustrine portion (50 ​km from the dam), where non-native species prevailed. Physical habitat condition had little influence in the tested models. Except for total solids, water quality variables were correlated with distance from the dam. Total solids were associated with increased richness and abundance of both native and non-native fish species. We recommend protecting riverine zones in large reservoirs, because of the greater prevalence of native species in them.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101277,"journal":{"name":"Water Biology and Security","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100425"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145712115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How does the efficiency of Nanopore compare to Illumina sequencing in tracking the spread of aquatic invasive species?","authors":"Théo Deremarque ,&nbsp;Rodolphe Elie Gozlan ,&nbsp;Ravo Ravaozafindrasoa ,&nbsp;Giuliano Mucci ,&nbsp;Lucie Delalex ,&nbsp;Jean-Michel Foissy ,&nbsp;Michaël Cagnant ,&nbsp;Mathieu Clair ,&nbsp;Justina Givens ,&nbsp;Fabienne Justy ,&nbsp;Alice Valentini ,&nbsp;Delphine Nicolas ,&nbsp;Pascal Contournet ,&nbsp;Claire Tetrel ,&nbsp;Marc Thibault ,&nbsp;Marine Combe","doi":"10.1016/j.watbs.2025.100423","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watbs.2025.100423","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>eDNA-based methods offer a non-invasive, easy-to-use approach for monitoring aquatic biodiversity, particularly for tracking invasive or cryptic species. While Illumina sequencing is commonly used, few studies have explored pairing eDNA sampling with Nanopore sequencing, a third-generation technology that allows for on-site sequencing but with a higher error rate. Here, we compared the performance of both technologies in detecting the invasive host-parasite complex <em>Pseudorasbora parva-Sphaerothecum destruens.</em> Water samples were collected from sites in Camargue and Corsica (Southern France), followed by DNA extraction, PCR amplification, and sequencing using either Illumina or Nanopore. Both technologies showed similar detection rates of <em>P. parva</em>, but only when Nanopore sequencing was performed under optimal conditions. However, for <em>S. destruens</em>, results varied: Illumina failed to detect the parasite, while Nanopore identified its DNA in multiple sites. We suggest that this discrepancy may be due to the different bioinformatic approaches used to process the reads and/or the higher error rate of Nanopore sequencing which could result in misassignments during species identification.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101277,"journal":{"name":"Water Biology and Security","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100423"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145712454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A land-based tank aquaculture system coupled with effluent treatment ponds: Effect of stocking density on the growth performance of gibel carp (Carassius gibelio)","authors":"Huacheng Li ,&nbsp;Jieya Liu ,&nbsp;Rui Chen ,&nbsp;Yin Wang ,&nbsp;Wenhan Li ,&nbsp;Qiushi Yang ,&nbsp;Tingting Xu ,&nbsp;Sayed R.S. Zidan ,&nbsp;Chengchen Jiang ,&nbsp;Yutian Yuan ,&nbsp;Xuxu Li ,&nbsp;Liqin Yu ,&nbsp;Rong Tang ,&nbsp;Chunfang Wang ,&nbsp;Li Li ,&nbsp;Xi Zhang ,&nbsp;Dapeng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.watbs.2025.100388","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.watbs.2025.100388","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recirculating aquaculture systems (RASs) are recognized for their eco-friendly and efficient approach in aquaculture. This study constructed a novel system: a land-based tank aquaculture system coupled with effluent treatment ponds (LBTAS). The system includes land-based tanks, an oxygen supply system, a water inlet system, a sewage collection system, and an effluent treatment system. We evaluated the impact of different stocking densities on the growth, health, aquaculture yield, and economic benefits of gibel carp (<em>Carassius gibelio</em>) in the LBTAS. The yields of the high stocking density (HSD) group and the low stocking density (LSD) group were similar, which was more than three times that of traditional pond farming. But the LSD group significantly improved final weight (FW), final length (FL), weight gain ratio (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), ingestion rate (IR), and viscerosomatic index (VSI) compared to HSD groups (<em>P</em> ​&lt; ​0.05). While survival rates and the hepatosomatic index (HSI) were similar across groups, the low-density group exhibited better overall health. Serum biochemical indicators such as glucose (GLU), cholesterol (CHO), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were unaffected by density. However, levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), triglycerides (TG), lactate acid (LD), and cortisol were significantly higher in the HSD group (<em>P</em> ​&lt; ​0.05), indicating increased stress. Hepatic antioxidant analysis showed stable levels of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), but higher levels of catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the high-density group <em>(P</em> ​&lt; ​0.05), suggesting increased oxidative stress. Muscle histology analysis revealed significantly higher muscle fiber density in the LSD group (<em>P</em> ​&lt; ​0.05), with no significant effect on muscle fiber diameter. Water quality analysis indicated poorer quality in the HSD group, with lower dissolved oxygen and significantly higher concentrations of total phosphorus (TP) and nitrite nitrogen (NO₂⁻-N) compared to the LSD group (<em>P</em> ​&lt; ​0.05). Despite the initial lower cost, the LSD group achieved a higher economic return on investment (ROI) of 16.92%. Our research results demonstrate that the aquaculture yield of gibel carp in the LBTAS is more than three times that of traditional ponds, with a return on investment reaching up to 16.92%. However, the HSD can negatively impact the growth performance, health status, and economic benefit of gibel carp. These results preliminary confirm the feasibility of the LBTAS, highlighting the importance of balanced aquaculture practices for sustainability and profitability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101277,"journal":{"name":"Water Biology and Security","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100388"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145712458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}