Unconventional Resources最新文献

{"title":"Reimagining research for renewable energy resources solutions: Integrating Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change assessments for effective global action","authors":"Riadh Abdul Retha Abass ,&nbsp;Hassan Falah Fakhruldeen ,&nbsp;Omer Al-Dulaimi ,&nbsp;Bashar Mahmood Ali ,&nbsp;Azizbek Khurramov ,&nbsp;Feryal Ibrahim Jabbar ,&nbsp;Maha Barakat ,&nbsp;Sameer Algburi","doi":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100165","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100165","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study explores the critical need for adapting research structures to bolster sustainable action and addresses the incorporation of intergovernmental agencies on sustainability findings within a mission-driven approach. Sustainable change is an urgent global challenge requiring swift and comprehensive action. Traditional research structures often struggle to effectively address the complex and interconnected nature of sustainably issues hindering progress. This study proposes a mission-driven framework that aligns research efforts with an overarching goal of combating sustainable change. Integrating Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) findings, known for scientific rigor and consensus-based assessments, this approach ensures the incorporation of the latest and most reliable sustainability data. The study highlights the potential benefits of this approach, including enhanced policy development, informed decision-making, and greater public engagement. Emphasizing the significance of collaborative efforts among scientists, policymakers, and stakeholders, the mission-driven approach encourages a holistic understanding of sustainability challenges and fosters effective solutions for a more sustainable future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101263,"journal":{"name":"Unconventional Resources","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143563349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"echno-economic and environmental evaluation of green hydrogen co-firing in a 570 MWe gas turbine combined cycle power plant in Iraq","authors":"Hassan Munther ,&nbsp;Qusay Hassan ,&nbsp;Aymen Mohammed ,&nbsp;Talib Munshid Hanoon ,&nbsp;Sameer Algburi","doi":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100163","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100163","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study evaluates the interconnections between renewable energy generation, hydrogen production, storage, and the operational demands of hydrogen co-fired gas turbine combined cycle (GTCC) power plants for carbon-neutral energy production. Specifically, it assesses the technical, economic, and environmental aspects of producing green hydrogen from hybrid photovoltaic (PV) and wind turbine (WT) sources in Dhi Qar, Iraq. The analysis considers three scenarios with varying hydrogen mole fractions (15 %, 30 %, and 50 %) co-fired with natural gas in a 570 MWe of the GTCC power plant, emitting 1.39 million tonnes of CO₂ annually. Baseline renewable electricity generation capacities for solar PV and wind energy were set at 497.5, 970, and 2200.5 MWp, with hybrid PV/WT systems optimized to supply power to an alkaline water electrolyzer (AWE) with capacities of 180, 425, and 825 MWp, based on hourly weather data from 2023. Multi-objective simulations and optimizations were performed using HOMER Pro and ProSim software to minimize the net present cost (NPC), levelized cost of energy (LCOE), cost of hydrogen (COH), and CO₂ emissions. Over the proposed 20-year project lifespan (2023–2043), green hydrogen production ranged from 12,082 to 54,442.9 tonnes annually, with a COH between $3.29 and $3.16 per kilogram, demonstrating the economic viability of large-scale hydrogen production. Hydrogen consumption in the GTCC fuel mixture ranged from 10,554.1 to 47,431 tonnes annually, reducing CO₂ emissions by 67,864.3 to 310,831.4 tonnes annually. Additionally, natural gas use decreased by 5.22 %–29.1 %, yielding savings of $6.79 to $31.08 million from avoided CO₂ emissions costs. However, despite the environmental and fuel cost benefits, the NPC for the green hydrogen project ranged from $412.9 million to $1.785 billion, and the LCOE for hydrogen co-combustion in the GTCC power plant ranged from $113.54 to $127.74 per MWh, compared to $107.93 per MWh for 100 % natural gas-based power generation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101263,"journal":{"name":"Unconventional Resources","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143489041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lithologic characteristics and reservoir evolution of tight sandstones in the upper Triassic Xujiahe formation, northeast Sichuan Basin, China","authors":"Jianbo Gao ,&nbsp;Ningliang Sun ,&nbsp;Bing Hao ,&nbsp;Jianhua Zhong ,&nbsp;Zhiwei Chen ,&nbsp;Zhifeng Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100162","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100162","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Xujiahe Formation sandstones in the northeast Sichuan Basin are an important tight gas reservoir. Mineralogical, petrographic, and geochemical data were used to constrain the diagenesis and evolution of the reservoir quality. The Xujiahe sandstones are mainly classified as litharenite and feldspathic litharenite (lithofacies 1) and sublitharenite and quartz arenite (lithofacies 2). The clay mineral is dominated by illite and mixed-layer illite/smectite. The reservoir quality is poor, with a porosity of 0.1–5.6 % (average of 1.7 %) and permeability between 0.006–2.83 × 10⁻³ μm² (average of 0.05 × 10⁻³ μm²). Sandstones develop a nanopore network with a strong heterogeneous pore structure and poor throat sorting. Intercrystalline micropores and microfractures are favorable pore types. The sandstones underwent significant diagenetic alterations and were dominated by mechanical compaction, volcanic ash alteration, authigenic clay minerals transformation, quartz and carbonate cementation, feldspar and rock fragment dissolution, and pressure dissolution. The diagenetic evolution enters the Telodiagenesis stage. The homogenization temperature (T_h) of fluid inclusions within the calcite cement of lithofacies 1 is 102.7–198.2 °C, whereas it is 159.3–205.6 °C for lithofacies 2, indicating that lithofacies 1 experienced additional stages of carbonate cementation. The T_h within quartz cement has high values. Lithofacies 1 is 102.4–209.7 °C, whereas lithofacies 2 is between 145.7 and 207.7 °C, indicating that pressure dissolution significantly decreased pore spaces in the late diagenetic stage. Depositional and diagenetic factors controlled reservoir quality. Good grain sorting and relatively big grain size are available for primary pore protection, whereas cementation evidently destroyed reservoir quality. Reservoir and porosity evolution processes indicate that lithofacies 2 has relatively good porosity. This study successfully improves the exploration and development efficiency of Xujiahe tight sandstone gas and can be applied to similar gas fields worldwide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101263,"journal":{"name":"Unconventional Resources","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143465432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate change impacts on sustainable agriculture: Evidence from Armenia","authors":"Meri Manucharyan","doi":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100159","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100159","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article explores climate change and its possible impact on the agrarian sector of Armenia through correlation analysis. As a country heavily reliant on agriculture for economic stability and food security, Armenia faces significant challenges due to shifting climatic patterns. By analyzing historical climate data and agricultural productivity metrics from the past decades, the study identifies correlations between rising temperatures, altered precipitation patterns, and gross product metrics. Additionally, the research explores how the dynamics of these climatic factors changed through time and what implications those changes possess for the future. Findings reveal that animal husbandry is particularly vulnerable to climate variability, highlighting the need for adaptive strategies to mitigate risks. The article concludes with the idea that <em>scientific research related to climate change should be aimed at the development of adaptation and prevention policies in the future.</em></div></div>","PeriodicalId":101263,"journal":{"name":"Unconventional Resources","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143611264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy transition as a path to sustainable development in Latin American countries","authors":"Diana Pamela Chavarry Galvez,&nbsp;Svetlana Y. Revinova","doi":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100157","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100157","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article examines key aspects of the energy transition as a pathway towards sustainable development in the Latin American region. The main directions of energy transition are highlighted, the role of alternative energy as a crucial driver is explored, and an analysis of progress towards energy transition goals in Latin America is presented. The study identifies challenges hindering the energy transition, including climate change, financial constraints, technological limitations, socio-economic disparities, and organizational barriers. To address these issues, the following measures are proposed: improving the institutional framework; strengthening policies to attract investment, particularly foreign direct investment in projects developing alternative energy sources, including within regional integration unions (MERCOSUR, the Andean Community, the Pacific Alliance, CELAC, etc.); addressing natural and climatic challenges through the construction of energy storage facilities; increasing the role of national banks in addressing investment gaps in renewable energy projects; and enhancing international cooperation in developing renewable energy sources, both at regional and global levels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101263,"journal":{"name":"Unconventional Resources","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143436853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive study on energy trading and finance using blockchain technology","authors":"Akshat Miglani ,&nbsp;Khush Patel ,&nbsp;Margesh Modi ,&nbsp;Yana Gadhvi ,&nbsp;Manan Shah","doi":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100160","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100160","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As a theoretical foundation and overview, the paper explains how blockchain technology influences energy trade and finance through decentralized, safe, and transparent peer-to-peer transactions. It examines the current energy crisis that arises with a steep, rising curve of rather unorthodox consumption of energy and calls for cleaner, more reliable sources of energy. It also discusses how blockchain-based platforms could help eliminate persistent challenges in centralized energy systems. By combining the previous literature on distributed ledgers, smart contracts, and decentralized market mechanisms, we find that blockchain provides faster settlements, lower overheads, and enhanced resilience against single points of failure. This study will review how blockchain-enabled energy finance solutions speed transactions, build trust, and allow for innovative funding approaches, such as green bonds and energy banking. All in all, the findings support blockchain as a viable way of achieving a more flexible, customer-oriented, and environmentally sustainable energy sector while showcasing the technological, regulatory, and operational gaps that research and responsible policy actions must address.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101263,"journal":{"name":"Unconventional Resources","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143682755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prioritization of key areas of the digitalization strategy of energy complex enterprises based on the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)","authors":"Alexey V. Chernov,&nbsp;Victoria A. Chernova,&nbsp;Elena V. Kolganova","doi":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100154","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100154","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article discusses the prioritization of key aspects of the digital transformation strategy for energy companies. In today's market, where competition is increasing, digitalization has become a crucial factor in improving the efficiency and competitiveness of businesses. Using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), developed by T. Saaty, we identify key elements of digitalization in the energy industry, such as big data, artificial intelligence, blockchain technology, and digital twins. Special attention is given to prioritizing strategic initiatives.</div><div>The study may be of interest to specialists in energy, business leaders, and anyone interested in digitalization and its impact on the energy sector's development. The findings of the study could be used to create digitalization strategies and assess the risks and opportunities associated with implementing digital technologies in energy companies and organizations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101263,"journal":{"name":"Unconventional Resources","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143480179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of early operational defects in photovoltaic modules: A case study of a 24.9 MWp solar PV system in Sumatra, Indonesia","authors":"Elieser Tarigan","doi":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100156","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100156","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates early operational defects in a 24.9 MWp solar PV system located in Sumatra, Indonesia, within its first two years of operation. The primary objective is to identify key issues affecting performance, reliability, and energy output. Field observations revealed several critical defects, with hotspot formation being the most dominant issue. Hotspots, caused by partial shading, cell mismatches, or module damage, result in excessive localized heating, leading to material degradation and significant power losses. Additional defects included glass cracking (282 cases), primarily linked to hotspots and mechanical impacts, and 350 cases of junction box failures due to improper sealing, which pose long-term risks of moisture ingress and diode malfunction. Instances of foggy or discolored glass (delamination) were also identified, reducing light transmission and overall efficiency. Shading from external objects and self-shading between PV arrays exacerbated these problems. The study highlights that half-cut modules outperform full-cell modules in mitigating hotspot risks due to their lower current per cell and enhanced bypass diode configuration. Reducing the number of modules per string further minimizes hotspot severity. Recommendations include regular maintenance, shading mitigation strategies, and optimized system design to enhance performance and reliability. These findings provide valuable insights for improving large-scale PV system durability in real-world conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101263,"journal":{"name":"Unconventional Resources","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143402436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The failure behavior of prefabricated fractured sandstone with different rock bridge inclination angles under freeze-thaw cycles","authors":"Meilu Yu ,&nbsp;Zhongwen Wang ,&nbsp;Ying Xu ,&nbsp;Yanhai Chang ,&nbsp;Luyu Wang ,&nbsp;Yulong Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100152","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100152","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, the fractured rock samples with different dip angles of rock bridge are taken as the research object, and the freeze-thaw cycle test and uniaxial compression test are carried out successively. Combined with digital image correlation technology (DIC) and numerical simulation, the failure process of prefabricated fractured sandstone with different rock bridge dip angles was studied. The results show that the frost heaving force caused by freezing and thawing will cause irreversible damage to the rock sample. Especially at the tip of the prefabricated crack, macroscopic frost heaving cracks will occur. Frost heaving cracks can reduce the stress concentration at the crack tip, which leads to a decrease in tensile cracks during loading. With the increase of the inclination angle of the rock bridge, both the modulus and the peak stress show an inverted “spoon-shaped” trend of increasing first and then decreasing. The tensile effect of the frost heave force generated by the freeze-thaw process leads to the early development and expansion of the prefabricated cracks. Under the action of external load, according to the law of crack development, the failure mode of rock bridge can be divided into shear failure (S type), tensile failure (T type) and tensile-shear composite failure (M type). The relative displacement evolution curve of the characteristic points on both sides of the fracture surface is basically consistent with the evolution characteristics of the strain field. According to whether the <em>x</em>-direction and <em>y</em>-direction displacement curves of the feature points deviate from each other, the type of driving force of fracture propagation can be judged.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101263,"journal":{"name":"Unconventional Resources","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143395496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mineralogy and geochemistry of shale from Shanxi Formation, Southern North China Basin: Implication for organic matter accumulation","authors":"Qian Chen ,&nbsp;Pei Li ,&nbsp;Xiaoliang Wei ,&nbsp;Changsheng Chen ,&nbsp;Wei Dang ,&nbsp;Haikuan Nie ,&nbsp;Jinchuan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100151","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100151","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Permian Taiyuan and Shanxi coal-bearing formations are recognized as the primary source rocks and promising shale gas reservoirs in North China. Based on lithologic observations, mineral and major elemental analyses of the Shanxi Sahle in the Southern North China Basin (SNCB), we conducted a preliminary investigation into the depositional environment, climate, and factors controlling the organic matter (OM) accumulation. The main findings are as follows: (1) The Shanxi Formation results from a transition in depositional environment, shifting from tidal flats to delta plains. The Shanxi Shale is primarily composed of clay minerals (34.24 %–75.20 %) and quartz (23.80%–46.39 %), with a notably low carbonate content (&lt;5 %). (2) Illite in the lower sections of the Shanxi Shale is likely sourced from detrital input rather than chemical conversion, while the dissolution of potassium feldspar may account for the elevated kaolinite content. This is further supported by the oxygen level variations between the lower and upper shale intervals. Moreover, no significant positive correlation was observed between SiO₂ and Al/Na ratios, nor between clay minerals and total organic carbon (TOC) content. This suggests that the intensity of OM modification prior to diagenesis plays a pivotal role in OM accumulation, aligning with the positive correlation between inertinite proportion and TOC content. (3) Organic matter inputs from fluvial systems were likely influenced by upstream mire conditions, where precursor peat may have accumulated. Unlike marine shale, the intensity of weathering, which varies with climate and transportation distance, is considered to have significantly impacted both the maceral composition and OM richness in the tide-delta deposited Shanxi Shale.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101263,"journal":{"name":"Unconventional Resources","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143369857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}