Unconventional Resources最新文献

{"title":"Overview improving the efficiency of a wind turbine by using a nozzle and solar radiation","authors":"Zahra Adnan Shawket ,&nbsp;Suad Hassan Danook","doi":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100191","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100191","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As the global transition toward renewable energy intensifies, wind energy stands out as a promising solution. Wind, an indirect form of solar energy, is continuously replenished by the sun's heating of the Earth's surface, making it a reliable resource. However, enhancing wind turbine performance, especially in low wind conditions, presents significant challenges. This review investigates innovative technologies—such as nozzle lenses, diffusers, and solar chimneys—that aim to improve turbine efficiency and energy output. To ensure a comprehensive perspective, this study adopts a dual approach: a systematic review of recent literature alongside bibliometric analysis using Scopus data and VOSviewer software, mapping publication trends, research gaps, and influential studies in the field. These technologies leverage aerodynamic and thermal principles to enhance energy capture. However, key research gaps remain: the optimization of nozzle lens and diffuser design parameters (shape, size, angle) under varying wind conditions is still underdeveloped. Solar chimneys offer promise for low-wind scenarios, but their integration with wind turbines and their economic feasibility remain underexplored. Moreover, artificial intelligence (AI), particularly machine learning, has potential to optimize system performance by forecasting wind patterns and improving control strategies. Despite its potential, the use of AI in wind turbine enhancement is still limited and demands deeper investigation. In conclusion, this review highlights the critical need for further research into the integration of aerodynamic enhancements and AI-driven control to boost wind turbine performance, reduce costs, and support renewable energy deployment—especially in low-wind regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101263,"journal":{"name":"Unconventional Resources","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100191"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143843431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leveraging IoT and CFD to optimize solar PV module performance in high-temperature environments; case study: Kirkuk, Iraq","authors":"Yaareb Elias Ahmed ,&nbsp;Jagadeesh Pasupuleti ,&nbsp;Firas Basim Ismail ,&nbsp;Suad Hassan Danook ,&nbsp;Fadhil Khadoum alhousni ,&nbsp;Mohammad Reza Maghami","doi":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100177","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100177","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>-Solar photovoltaic (PV) systems are increasingly employed as a sustainable energy source. However, their efficiency is significantly affected by high operating temperatures, especially in regions like Kirkuk, Iraq, with high solar irradiance and ambient temperatures. Cooling systems can mitigate this issue by maintaining optimal operating temperatures, thereby improving system performance and lifespan. This research investigates the impact of a controlled cooling system on solar PV module performance through a combination of experimental and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. An IoT-based control system, utilizing an Ewelink Android mobile app, was implemented to remotely monitor and control the cooling system. Two solar modules were utilized: one with a controlled cooling system and the other without cooling. The experimental setup involved monitoring the temperature and power output of both modules under various environmental conditions in Kirkuk, Iraq. CFD simulations were employed to visualize and analyze the temperature distribution and airflow patterns around the modules. The results from both experimental and simulation studies demonstrated that the controlled cooling system effectively reduced the module temperature, leading to a significant improvement in energy output. The IoT-based control system enabled precise regulation of the cooling system, further enhancing the efficiency and reliability of the PV system. The CFD simulations provided valuable insights into the thermal behavior of the modules, helping to identify areas of high temperature concentration and optimize the cooling system design. The findings of this research highlight the importance of controlled cooling systems in enhancing the performance and longevity of solar PV systems, particularly in regions with high solar irradiance and ambient temperatures like Kirkuk, Iraq. By implementing effective cooling strategies, it is possible to maximize the energy output of solar PV systems and contribute to a more sustainable energy future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101263,"journal":{"name":"Unconventional Resources","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143807831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tectonic thermal evolution of Aksu area in the Tarim Basin, NW China: Indications from apatite fission track thermochronology","authors":"Mengping Li ,&nbsp;Qiqiang Ren ,&nbsp;Rongtao Jiang ,&nbsp;Jin Wang ,&nbsp;Zhongliang Guo ,&nbsp;Jianpeng Sun ,&nbsp;Kai Tong","doi":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100179","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100179","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This manuscript aims to analyze the tectonic evolution of the Aksu area in the Tarim Basin. Fracture orientation, dip angle, and aperture were meticulously measured using geological survey tool. Outfield observations, fluid inclusion testing, and acoustic emission testing were conducted to characterize sets of fracture development. By combining fracture sets with apatite fission track (AFT) thermochronology, we attained a more comprehensive understanding of the multiple stages of tectonic thermal activities. Four primary tectonic movements were identified in the Aksu area. In Stage I, sub-horizontal fractures developed during the Middle-Late Caledonian orogeny, indicating stable sedimentation. Stage II witnessed the formation of medium-angle shear fractures and tensile-shear fractures during the Early-Late Hercynian orogeny. Stage III featured low-angle conjugate shear fractures during the Indo-Yanshanian orogeny. Finally, Stage IV showcased high-angle shear fractures formed during the Himalayan orogeny. Based on AFT thermal evolution simulation and considering the tectonic background, three primary uplifting events and one subduction event were discerned in the Aksu area since the Ordovician period. During the Late Triassic to the early Cretaceous (ca.130-100 Ma), the Aksu area experienced slow uplift. Subsequently, due to the collision between the Indian plate and the Eurasian plate at the end of the Cretaceous, the Aksu area underwent rapid uplift during the Late Cretaceous and early Neogene (ca.90-50 Ma). A rapid subduction event occurred during the Cenozoic period (ca.50 Ma-20 Ma). Consequently, since ca.20 Ma, the Aksu area has undergone rapid uplift, concurrent with the Himalayan orogeny.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101263,"journal":{"name":"Unconventional Resources","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143799500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a smart cloud-based monitoring system for solar photovoltaic energy generation","authors":"Challa Krishna Rao ,&nbsp;Sarat Kumar Sahoo ,&nbsp;Franco Fernando Yanine","doi":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100173","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100173","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The main controllers overseeing both solar panels and loads have all panels connected with sensors. The radiation striking the solar cell determines the power produced and real-time monitoring is crucial to evaluating the performance of a solar photovoltaic system. The emerging Internet of Things provides an opportunity to significantly enhance the monitoring of solar energy output and plant operations. To achieve this, a remote monitoring system is necessary, utilizing the Internet of Things to gather and transmit data. This study aims to utilize the Internet of the Things to monitor solar photovoltaic systems and assess their effectiveness. The monitoring system includes components such as a data gateway, data collection, and presentation for a cloud application. The collected data were stored in the cloud, enabling a visual representation of the sensed parameters. The system achieved a better accuracy rate, with an average transmission time of 53.01 s. The results indicate that the recommended monitoring system allowed users to observe current, voltage, and daylight, which could serve as a viable substitute for smart monitoring of solar energy output and plant operations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101263,"journal":{"name":"Unconventional Resources","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143777596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of regional energy efficiency and prospects for sustainable development of the energy sector in China","authors":"Alla V. Vavilina ,&nbsp;Anna V. Loseva ,&nbsp;Anna A. Firsova","doi":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100167","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100167","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Since 2022, the geopolitical situation on a global scale has been making its adjustments and changes to the pricing and structure of the energy supply system, forcing countries to adjust the structure of their energy industry, re-examine foreign trade flows of energy products, and develop solutions regarding the level of energy consumption in enterprise sectors and households. This issue is particularly acute for China, as a country with a rapidly developing economy and high energy consumption needs. However, in addition to external factors, China also faces internal challenges for the energy sector. These factors include, for example, interregional imbalance in domestic production and energy consumption, the need for maximum decarbonization of the energy industry and transition to green and low-carbon energy, and its high-quality development. The significance of such internal factors is confirmed by the recent energy crisis in China, which manifested itself sharply in 2021. In this article, we analyze the internal energy problems of China, primarily in the context of interregional imbalances that have been emerging during the period 2000–2021. Our general purpose is to conduct an analysis and identify the primary causes of the energy shortage in the Chinese economy as well as the regional disparities in its distribution. The following tasks have been solved: the evolution of the situation regarding electricity shortages in China between 2000 and 2020 have been investigated; the primary causes of the electricity shortage in China have been identified; the regional disparities in energy consumption, energy production, and the level of energy deficit in China's provinces have been assessed. As a final summary, the ways to overcome difficulties and improve the quality and stability of the Chinese energy sector have been analyzed as well as the main trends in the development of the energy sector of China after the 2021 energy deficit crisis have been identified. We used qualitative and quantitative analysis methods as research tools. Based on the qualitative analysis using logical generalization and systematization methods, we analyze ways to overcome difficulties and improve the quality and stability of China's energy industry, and identify the main trends in the development of China's energy industry that have taken place since the 2021 energy shortage crisis. Concurrently we propose an analytical approach consisting of a comprehensive assessment of the cross-provincial structure for key aspects of the country's energy system: energy production, processing and consumption. We assess structural changes in these parameters caused by both regional characteristics of the provinces and changes occurring in the Chinese economy. To achieve this task, we use a specific tool – the Salai index. The calculation results allowed us to identify key patterns in the production and consumption of coal-based electricity, which provides additional informati","PeriodicalId":101263,"journal":{"name":"Unconventional Resources","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143739191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coupling thermal and maturity histories of the Gulong shale oil reservoir in the Songliao Basin: Insights from vitrinite reflectance and apatite fission track","authors":"Xuefeng Bai ,&nbsp;Junhui Li ,&nbsp;Xiuli Fu ,&nbsp;Min Xu ,&nbsp;Yue Bai ,&nbsp;Yangxin Su ,&nbsp;Kunning Cui ,&nbsp;Qingxia Xu ,&nbsp;Zongbao Liu ,&nbsp;Yuchen Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100178","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100178","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The coupling relationship between the thermal state and maturation during the geological historical period is critical for shale oil-gas exploration because their present distribution characteristics are not probably the same. In this study, the thermal–maturity history of the shale oil reservoir in the Qingshankou Formation of the Gulong Sag, Songliao Basin, was established, and their coupling relationship was analyzed using vitrinite reflectance (<em>R</em>o) and apatite fission track (AFT) data. The results revealed that the Gulong Sag exhibits a high thermal state, with temperatures decreasing from central to peripheral regions. In contrast, the maturity of organic matter exhibits an opposite trend; for example, GY8 well in the central region has low temperatures but high maturity. The thermal–maturity history constructed using the <em>R</em>o and AFT data indicates two critical developmental stages for shale oil reservoirs between 60 and 90 Ma: the late Mingshui and Nenjiang movement stages. The former stage had a considerably greater influence on shale reservoir formation than the latter stage, which accelerated organic matter maturation rapidly because of the greater burial depth and longer duration. Additionally, the Gulong Sag has a low height-to-width ratio, and the thermal state plane distribution characteristics are influenced to some extent by the concave–convex structures. Therefore, the thermal structure at the end of the Mingshui stage is particularly important, and high temperatures in concave areas are likely the most desirable areas for the formation of shale oil reservoirs during that period. This understanding can also guide shale oil exploration in regions with similar geological settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101263,"journal":{"name":"Unconventional Resources","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143768711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solar Energy Implementation in Rural Communities and Its Contributions to SDGs: A Systematic Literature Review","authors":"Meita Rumbayan ,&nbsp;Jefrey Kindangen ,&nbsp;Alwin Sambul ,&nbsp;Sherwin Sompie ,&nbsp;Jeffrey Cross","doi":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100180","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100180","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The implementation of solar energy in rural communities has emerged as a critical strategy for advancing multiple Sustainable Development Goals. However, there is limited understanding of how solar energy initiatives specifically contribute to achieving these goals in rural contexts. This systematic literature review addresses this gap by synthesizing findings from 35 peer-reviewed articles published between 2014 and 2024. The study identifies key themes, methodologies, and geographic trends while highlighting the transformative role of solar energy in providing reliable, decentralized energy access. Findings demonstrate that solar energy systems enable economic empowerment, job creation, improved healthcare, and enhanced educational opportunities in rural areas. The review also emphasizes the importance of scalable models and integrated renewable energy solutions tailored for rural settings. These insights provide valuable guidance for policymakers, researchers, and practitioners aiming to leverage solar energy as a catalyst for sustainable development. Future research directions include advancements in solar technology, environmental impact assessments, and strategies to overcome barriers to adoption in underserved rural communities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101263,"journal":{"name":"Unconventional Resources","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143768710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The growing demand for hydrogen: сurrent trends, sectoral analysis, and future projections","authors":"Konstantin Gomonov ,&nbsp;Chrisna T. Permana ,&nbsp;Chanel Tri Handoko","doi":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100176","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100176","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrogen has emerged as a pivotal energy carrier in the global transition toward sustainable energy systems. This study analyses current trends, sectoral dynamics, and future demand projections for hydrogen, employing a multi-methodological framework that integrates Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) extrapolation, scenario-based modeling, and regional comparative analysis. By leveraging historical growth patterns of geothermal, bioenergy, and wind energy sectors in the European Union (EU), three hydrogen demand scenarios—Conservative (3.25 % CAGR), Moderate (8.33 % CAGR), and Optimistic (15.42 % CAGR)—are projected to 2050. Results indicate that global hydrogen demand could range from 18.8 to 381.3 million tonnes per year by 2050, depending on technological advancements, policy frameworks, and infrastructure investments. The transportation and industrial sectors are identified as critical drivers, while regional disparities highlight leadership from the EU, the U.S., and Asia-Pacific nations. The study underscores the necessity of coordinated policy, cost reduction in green hydrogen production, and infrastructure scalability to realize hydrogen's potential in decarbonizing energy systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101263,"journal":{"name":"Unconventional Resources","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143696983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrogen's potential and policy pathways for Indonesia's energy transition: The actor-network analysis","authors":"Chrisna T. Permana ,&nbsp;Chanel Tri Handoko ,&nbsp;Konstantin Gomonov","doi":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100175","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100175","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research examines potential uses of hydrogen as an alternative energy source in Indonesia. Hydrogen presents a more environmentally friendly energy alternative with markedly reduced greenhouse gas emissions, leading the Indonesian government to align its interests with the worldwide excitement for hydrogen-based energy transitions within the sustainable development context. Nevertheless, despite its intriguing potential as an alternative fuel for transportation, industry, and power generation, pilot programs have demonstrated that hydrogen energy remains expensive and demands substantial advancements in technology. This study used a qualitative methodology, incorporating documentary analysis, semi-structured interviews, and focus group discussions within the actor-network theory framework, aimed to investigate the current positioning of hydrogen energy in Indonesia's policy pathways and to examine its potential and challenge. The findings indicate two primary insights: firstly, Indonesia's energy transformation is presently centered on formulating action plans and regulatory frameworks, with hydrogen seen as one of the proposed alternatives. The investigation of hydrogen's current progress through the actor-network theory framework has yielded two separate actor networks: the proponent network, consisting of the national government and the national oil company, and the opposing network, which encompasses academics, businesses, and industries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101263,"journal":{"name":"Unconventional Resources","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100175"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143715464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thank you reviewers!","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100172","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100172","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101263,"journal":{"name":"Unconventional Resources","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143682748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}