Unconventional Resources最新文献

{"title":"Optimizing wind energy conversion system efficiency using advanced modified super-twisting direct power control: Real-time implementation on dSPACE 1104 board","authors":"Mourad Yessef ,&nbsp;Habib Benbouhenni ,&nbsp;Ahmed Lagrioui ,&nbsp;Youness El Mourabit ,&nbsp;Nicu Bizon ,&nbsp;Ilhami Colak ,&nbsp;Badre Bossoufi ,&nbsp;Ayman Alhejji","doi":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100224","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100224","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>One of the most well-known nonlinear methods that is not based on the mathematical model of the wind conversion system is super-twisting control. This method is one of the best alternatives due to its excellent performance and robustness. However, this control technique has drawbacks, such as the presence of a significant gains number and the susceptibility to malfunctions in the complex wind energy system. Accordingly, a suitable solution for applying the super-twisting control strategy in the system control domain is proposed under the name \"modified super-twisting control\". This enhanced technique is characterized by its algorithmic simplicity, a reduced number of control gains, straightforward implementation on embedded platforms, and low computational and hardware cost, making it particularly suitable for real-time control applications. The proposed method strategy was applied to the direct power control method of a doubly fed induction generator, for which purpose a controller identifies and determines the reference voltage values for the machine's inverter. In addition to the use of the suggested control strategy, pulse width modulation was employed to control inverter operation. The proposed novel control strategy is characterized by its simplicity, minimal gain requirements, ease of implementation on embedded systems, and fast dynamic response. This proposed strategy was used in this research project to improve the quality of the supplied energy and reduce the value obtained for the various total harmonic distortion of the Fast Fourier Transform analysis of the supplied system currents and minimizing generated power overshoot. This proposed innovative strategy was, first, verified and implemented in a simulation environment. Then, Processor-in-the-Loop implementation was used to verify the behavior of this strategy in real-time embedded implementation, and compare the numerical results with conventional and typical control method strategies and some recent research works. Furthermore, the designed strategy reduced the ripples value, overshoot, and steady-state error of active power by estimated percentages of 78.84 %, 66.66 %, and 50 %, respectively, compared to the conventional direct power control strategy. Furthermore, the steady-state error, overshoot, and reactive power ripples were reduced by 60 %, 81.25 %, and 66.66 %, respectively, compared to the classical direct power control strategy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101263,"journal":{"name":"Unconventional Resources","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100224"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144738448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coalbed methane systems and hydrochemical signature of produced water in the Zhijin Block, Western Guizhou province, China: Implications for gas production","authors":"Chen Guo ,&nbsp;Xiankuo Yang ,&nbsp;Yong Qin ,&nbsp;Pengrui Lyu ,&nbsp;Reza Taherdangko ,&nbsp;Lingling Lu ,&nbsp;Xi Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100225","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100225","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of coalbed methane (CBM) resources is controlled by the characteristics of CBM systems. Three types of superposed CBM systems, including growing, decaying, and stable, were recognized in the Zhijin Block of western Guizhou, South China, each exhibiting differences in hydrodynamic conditions. Insufficient understanding of these differences currently hinders the efficient CBM development in the Zhijin Block. Hydrochemical signatures of the Zhucang and Agong synclines were investigated using produced water samples from CBM wells, which develop a decaying-type and a stable-type CBM system, respectively. The hydrochemical characteristics and formation processes of the produced water, along with their implications for the CBM development, were analyzed. Produced water chemistry exhibits marked contrasts between the Agong and Zhucang synclines, with the former exhibiting high SO₄²⁻ concentration and the latter exhibiting high Cl⁻, HCO₃⁻, Na⁺, and TDS concentrations. Based on the theoretical calculations, the groundwater flow velocity in the coal seams of the Agong syncline is 7.49 times that of the Zhucang syncline. As a result, the CBM enrichment and production potential in the Agong syncline is lower. Three genetic mechanisms of hydrochemical evolution affecting the water qualities were identified: the retention (salt accumulation) process, the desulfurization (reduction) process, and the recharge (oxidation) process. The coal measure water in the Agong and Zhucang synclines undergo oxidation and reduction process after receiving surface water replenishment, respectively. Key hydrochemical parameters, including γNa⁺/γCl⁻, γCl⁻/γHCO₃^-, γCl⁻, and γSr²⁺, exhibit a power function relationship with peak daily gas production. Critical values of the key hydrochemical parameters, which indicate gas production potential, can be extracted based on this relationship. For example, when the γNa⁺/γCl⁻ is greater than 142, gas production rates are generally low, predominantly observed in CBM wells within the Agong syncline. These findings enable a better understanding of variations in CBM accumulation and production potential across the Zhijin Block, and provide a basis for optimizing CBM development plans and technologies under conditions of superposed CBM systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101263,"journal":{"name":"Unconventional Resources","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100225"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144749829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kaolinite origins and distinctive influences on deep-buried reservoir: A case study of Pinghu Formation in Xihu Depression, offshore China","authors":"Yanan Miao ,&nbsp;Xin Li ,&nbsp;Xiaofei Fu ,&nbsp;Shu Jiang ,&nbsp;Pengfei Wang ,&nbsp;Xuejia Du ,&nbsp;Xiaoxiao Leng ,&nbsp;Wenjie Liu ,&nbsp;Haoran Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100210","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100210","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Substantial hydrocarbons in deep-buried reservoirs are challenged by diagenetically induced heterogeneity, hindering the identification of sweet-spot prospects. Despite being a common diagenetic mineral, genesis of kaolinite is rarely explored from a geochemical perspective, and much less is known about the effects of differential genetic kaolinite on reservoirs. In this paper, the distributary channel of Pinghu Formation in Xihu Sag was selected as a focused object. Petrological and geochemical analyses were conducted, including porosity/permeability test, light/electron microscope observation, electron probe test, and fluids inclusion measurement. In particular, hydrogen/oxygen (H/O) isotopes were applied to determine the genetic mechanisms of kaolinite. The results show that lithology types of distributary channel are mainly lithic arkose and feldspathic litharenite, with quartz comprising 65 %, feldspar sharing 16 %, and fragments sharing 19 % of the total sediments. Despite the uniformity of its detrital components, physical characteristics of the distributary channel exhibit significant variation. Porosity ranges from 3.3 % to 21.4 % (averaging 13.8 %), and permeability ranges from 0.02mD to 614.4mD (averaging 52.1mD). Furthermore, within individual channels, porosity/permeability values are high in the upper sections but fall in the lower. Kaolinite cementation can be observed in both the upper and lower channels, but exhibiting distinctive petrological and geochemical features. In the upper channels, kaolinite is characterized by an embedded-crystal form and low Mg/Ca/Fe content. Based on its high H/O isotopes (averaging −87.9 ‰ δD&lt;sub&gt;-SMOW&lt;/sub&gt; and 12.3 ‰ δ&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;-SMOW&lt;/sub&gt;), the temperature of kaolinite cementation is estimated in the range of 90 °C–110 °C and the calculated δD&lt;sub&gt;water-SMOW&lt;/sub&gt;/δ&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;water-SMOW&lt;/sub&gt; (averaging −90.7 ‰/-11.1 ‰) approached to the organic water region. These features suggest that kaolinite in the upper channels is the by-product of feldspar dissolution by organic acids. High kaolinite content indicates significant feldspar dissolution and extensive secondary dissolved pore space, which is a positive indicator of secondary pore development. In the lower channels, kaolinite is characterized by a sheet-crystal form and high Mg/Ca/Fe content. Based on its low H/O isotopes (averaging −103.8 ‰ δD&lt;sub&gt;-SMOW&lt;/sub&gt; and 2.0 ‰ δ&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;-SMOW&lt;/sub&gt;), the temperature of kaolinite cementation is estimated in the range of 25 °C–50 °C, and the calculated δD&lt;sub&gt;water-SMOW&lt;/sub&gt;/δ&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;water-SMOW&lt;/sub&gt; (averaging −60.5 ‰/-9.4 ‰) indicates a subsurface paleo-fluid environment. These features imply that kaolinite in the lower channels may derive from the recrystallization of muddy fragments. High kaolinite content indicates poor sorting, weak compaction resistance, and low dissolution extent, which negatively impacts both primary pore preservation and second","PeriodicalId":101263,"journal":{"name":"Unconventional Resources","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100210"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144694314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laboratory evaluation of an innovative polyfraction nanoemulsion for enhanced oil recovery in carbonate reservoirs","authors":"Najeeb Anjum Soomro","doi":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100212","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100212","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polymers and nanoemulsions are frequently employed to boost enhanced oil recovery (EOR) systems' performance. Several physical phenomena that are essential to the process can be used in a synergistic way when both of these additives are used. Laboratory core flooding investigations utilizing natural cores are one way to evaluate these processes. Carbonate rocks are displaced by oil under extreme heat and pressure in a variety of studies. Tests are conducted on polymer solutions and a recently created polyfraction nanoemulsion. The test findings show that these compounds are stable at high temperatures, high pressures, and in the presence of H₂S, and they are useful for EOR operations. In the laboratory EOR simulation, the best results were obtained for polymer and nanoemulsion concentrations in diluted reservoir water of 0.05 % and 1 %, respectively. These concentrations were shown to be the most effective. The polymers continue to demonstrate a high level of effectiveness when it comes to the displacement of crude oil from carbonate rocks under these conditions. On the other hand, the nanoemulsion that was tested enhances the wettability of carbonate rocks and reduces interfacial tension, both of which are factors that promote the efficiency of oil displacement. When compared to the quantity that was accomplished with water that did not contain any additives, the oil recovery that was measured in this instance was 37.5 % higher.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101263,"journal":{"name":"Unconventional Resources","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144633503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced clustering techniques for lithofacies and electrofacies identification in post-salt carbonate and siliciclastic reservoirs: a case study from the campos basin, Brazil","authors":"Abel Carrasquilla ,&nbsp;Herson Rocha","doi":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100211","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100211","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effective characterization and management of hydrocarbon reservoirs require a thorough understanding of their petrophysical properties, from exploration to production. Modern borehole logging and interpretation techniques play a crucial role in reducing operational costs while enhancing reservoir evaluation. Petrophysical analysis is fundamental in this context, enabling the interpretation of subsurface lithology and the assessment of key rock-fluid interactions, including porosity, permeability, and fluid saturation. These parameters are essential for identifying source rocks, seals, reservoir zones, and aquifers. Geophysical well logs are among the most reliable tools for determining geological formations and their petrophysical attributes. This study investigates two post-salt reservoirs in the Campos Basin, southeastern Brazil, utilizing data from four boreholes - two as reference wells and two as blind tests. A conventional suite of well logs was employed to define electrofacies, supported by geological data. Initial cluster analysis was conducted using singular value decomposition, hierarchical clustering (dendrograms), neutron-density lithological cross-plots, and principal component analysis (PCA) to identify inherent groupings within the dataset. Subsequently, nine unsupervised classification techniques-including eight clustering algorithms (e.g., k-means, k-medoids, Gaussian mixture models, spectral clustering, k-nearest neighbors, subtractive fuzzy clustering, fuzzy c-means, and agglomerative hierarchical clustering) and one neural-based mapping method (competitive neural network) - were applied. The exploratory data analysis was essential to understand the statistical behavior and interrelationships among the petrophysical logs, serving as a foundational step for the effective application of the clustering algorithms. Despite the diverse mathematical foundations of the clustering algorithms, the three electrofacies were reliably correlated with lithofacies. In the siliciclastic reservoir, these corresponded to sandstone, shale, and limestone, while in the carbonate reservoir, they were classified as grainstones, wackestones, and cemented grainstones. This study highlights the efficacy of multi-algorithm clustering in petrophysical facies classification, providing a reliable framework for reservoir characterization in analogous geological settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101263,"journal":{"name":"Unconventional Resources","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100211"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144633504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing photovoltaic panel efficiency through Water-Cooling: A parametric comparative evaluation of energetic, economic, and environmental benefits","authors":"Hassan Raad ,&nbsp;Samer Ali ,&nbsp;Jalal Faraj ,&nbsp;Cathy Castelain ,&nbsp;Khaled Chahine ,&nbsp;Mahmoud Khaled","doi":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100208","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100208","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The pressing need for more effective solar technology is highlighted by the global transition away from fossil fuels and toward renewable energy sources. Despite the enormous potential of photovoltaic (PV) panels, efficiency losses in high-temperature conditions limit their performance. The purpose of this study is to theoretically evaluate the energy, financial, and environmental advantages of different water-cooling techniques intended to improve the sustainability and operating efficiency of PV panels. In contrast to traditional research, this work quantifies increases in energy output, cost savings, and CO₂ emission reductions across various cooling configurations by a thorough parametric analysis inside a single theoretical framework. To simulate how various water-cooling methods affect PV panel performance, a mathematical parametric model was created. Energy production, cost savings, and carbon footprint reduction were among the key performance metrics computed and compared for PV applications in relation to the consumption ratio R, which is defined as the ratio of the actual building load to the maximum PV power output, or the amount of energy consumed by the house from the PV panels.</div><div>With an annual energy gain of 1354.10R kWh per panel, cost savings of 582.26R USD, and CO₂ emission reductions of 785.37R kg, jet water impingement cooling (JWPV) outperformed the other technologies under evaluation. However, with energy gains of 1061.53R kWh, savings of 456.46R USD, and CO₂ reductions of 615.68R kg, evaporative cooling (EPV) produced the least amount of improvement. These results highlight how important efficient cooling is to improving PV panel performance and developing sustainable solar energy solutions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101263,"journal":{"name":"Unconventional Resources","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144522189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multifractal analyses on the retention mechanism of fracturing fluid in tight sandstone","authors":"Yan Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhiping Li ,&nbsp;Hao Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100209","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100209","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tight sandstone is defined by its low porosity, limited permeability, and considerable heterogeneity, necessitating hydraulic fracturing for hydrocarbon extraction. However, fracturing fluid often becomes retained within the reservoir, which can markedly reduce hydrocarbon extraction efficiency. The mechanisms behind this retention in tight sandstone remain unclear. In this study, we employed the centrifugation method to replicate the flowback and retention processes of fracturing fluid. We conducted low-pressure nitrogen gas adsorption (LP-N₂GA) experiments, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis, and utilized combined multifractal methods to examine the alterations in pore structure and fluid distribution properties of sandstone samples. The LP-N₂GA experiments revealed that after fracturing fluid treatment, the surface area and pore volume of the samples diminished, whereas the average pore size expanded, and the pore size distribution range narrowed. Multifractal analysis indicated that post-treatment, the number of clustered pores decreased, pore connectivity improved, and distribution of pore sizes became more homogeneous. NMR experiments showed that during pressure-driven imbibition, fracturing fluid primarily occupied large pores, and at high imbibition pressures, the fluid within these large pores was more easily recovered. Conversely, in small pores, fracturing fluid was more likely to flowback under lower imbibition pressures. Further multifractal analysis demonstrated that with increasing flowback pressure, the connectivity of trapped fracturing fluid within the pores gradually deteriorates, while the clustering and distribution of the fluid initially decreased and then increased. These findings provide deeper insights into the mechanisms governing the fluid distribution changes during the fracturing fluid flowback process in tight sandstone.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101263,"journal":{"name":"Unconventional Resources","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144548956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heat production of sedimentary rocks in Chengdao-Kendong area, Bohai Bay basin","authors":"Xiaolin Liu ,&nbsp;Anyu Jing ,&nbsp;Yuanjin Sun ,&nbsp;Chao Sun ,&nbsp;Ruibo Jiang ,&nbsp;Xing Mu ,&nbsp;Xiaoxue Jiang ,&nbsp;Fang Xie ,&nbsp;Yaodong Xu ,&nbsp;Chuanqing Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100207","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100207","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sedimentary heat flow, as part of terrestrial heat flow, plays a key role in hydrocarbon generation by affecting the temperature of source rocks, thus influencing the thermal evolution and maturity of organic matter. The radioactive heat production rate of rocks is essential for studying sedimentary heat flow. Based on empirical formulas proposed by previous researchers that relate natural gamma log to heat production rates, this study calculated 26,707 rock heat production rate data points from 60 wells in the Chengdao-Kendong area. Results show that the average heat production rate of the sedimentary layers is 1.06 ± 0.34 μW/m³,and the different lithologies are as follows: mudstone 1.28 μW/m³, sandstone 1.05 μW/m³, conglomerate 1.01 μW/m³, glutenite 0.93 μW/m³, limestone 0.44 μW/m³, dolomite 0.45 μW/m³.The radioactive heat production ranges from 3.0 to 6.8 mW/m². In the Changdi and Gudong areas, sedimentary layers contribute 6.3–10 % of the terrestrial heat flow, while the Kendong area's contribution is around 4.3 %. Moreover, the distribution of terrestrial heat flow is closely related to variations in basement depth, mainly influenced by mantle heat flow in the Chengdao-Kendong area.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101263,"journal":{"name":"Unconventional Resources","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144502762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prospect studies and geological CO2 storage potential in Nigeria","authors":"Victor Omefe ,&nbsp;Mahlon Kida Marvin ,&nbsp;Zakiyyu Muhammad Sarkinbaka ,&nbsp;Victor Inumidun Fagorite ,&nbsp;Aliyu Buba Ngulde","doi":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100206","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100206","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nigeria's dependence on fossil fuels has resulted in high CO₂ emissions. However, while the country's Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) outlines a 20–47 % reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, the lack of enabling investment mechanisms and limited technological innovation continue to hinder the deployment of Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) technologies. Successful implementation of CCUS in Nigeria will depend on a combination of critical factors. These include the suitability and efficiency of the carbon capture technologies deployed, the level of technical readiness and local capacity, the economic feasibility in terms of operating and capital costs, and the integration of comprehensive life cycle assessments to ensure environmental and economic sustainability.</div><div>A recent study by the International Finance Corporation (IFC) estimated that Nigeria has a theoretical storage potential of about 10.7 gigatons. However, our review of basin-specific studies suggests that this estimate may be conservative while highlighting the Niger Delta as the most viable region for large-scale CO₂ sequestration. Despite these indicators, the absence of commercial-scale CCUS deployment, along with weak regulatory support and a lack of fiscal incentives, remain significant obstacles. The findings argue for a focused policy shift that leverages Nigeria's existing oil and gas infrastructure, enabling the clustering of CO₂ point sources to share transportation and injection facilities. Furthermore, expedited strategic partnerships with initiatives such as the Africa Carbon Markets Initiative (ACMI) could facilitate carbon credit development and improve economic viability. Pilot studies already demonstrate promising storage performance, supporting the argument for near-term demonstration projects. We highlight that with appropriate policy support, technology deployment, and international collaboration, geological CO₂ storage could play a critical role in Nigeria's trajectory toward climate and sustainable energy development. We offer practical recommendations for aligning CCUS deployment with national climate goals and enhancing investment readiness in the sector.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101263,"journal":{"name":"Unconventional Resources","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100206"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144471377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive review on role of information technology in city gas distribution industry","authors":"Kriti Yadav ,&nbsp;Anirbid Sircar ,&nbsp;Namrata Bist","doi":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100202","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.uncres.2025.100202","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>India is quickly transitioning towards a gas-based society by expanding the proportion of natural gas in the nation's energy blend from 6 % to 15 % by 2030. India is investing around INR 1.2 trillion in the natural gas distribution of the city gas sector. The most recent developments in distribution include intelligent (acoustic and mechanical) methods for identification of leaks in pipelines, robotic examination, automated testing with ultrasound, thermal mass circulation detectors, geographical information systems, and intelligent carriers and cascade units. The role of the Internet of Things comes into the picture to bind all these digitalisation techniques into a smart technique. This infrastructure eliminates the need for human involvement by integrating different tools and technologies. It allows for the development of smarter cities across the world. This work reveals the possible uses of several internet techniques in the city gas distribution industry. The study introduces readers to the smart technologies used for Smart Gas Distribution, such as Geographical Information Systems, Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition Systems, Applications and Products in Data Processing, etc. The work also highlights the key challenges in the adaptation of these technologies in the gas distribution sector. The paper offers a thorough overview of the topic and motivates academicians and investors to employ a variety of internet solutions. The application of big data, artificial intelligence, and machine learning can contribute to several levels of city gas distribution. The potential risk factors and upkeep expenses might be eliminated with the presence of this intelligent network, with the help of artificial intelligence and machine learning. The distinctiveness that this study presents its ability to bring light on many technologies used in places such as North America, China, South Korea, and Europe, such as DecisionSpace365 and Birdz, and Silent Soft SA's for the gas industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101263,"journal":{"name":"Unconventional Resources","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100202"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144261626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}